Original title: Medical puzzle respiratory syncytial virus vaccine is expected to be commercialized?
Recently, John R. Mascola, a scientist at the Vaccine Research Center of the National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, published their latest research in the field of vaccines in the past 18 months in Nature Biotechnology.
The article mentions that the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine has been tested in a phase one clinical study, providing a key proof of concept for structure-based vaccine design.
Respiratory syncytial virus is an RNA virus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae. The virus is transmitted through air droplets and close contact. It is more common in newborns and babies under 6 months of age. The incubation period is 3 to 7 days. Infants and young children have serious symptoms, including high fever, rhinitis, pharyngitis and laryngitis, which will later appear as bronchioles and pneumonia. A few children may have otitis media, pleuritis and myocarditis. After infection in adults and older children, it mainly manifests as upper respiratory tract infection. Respiratory syncytial virus is also a major factor in respiratory diseases and death in infants and young children and the elderly. The article mentioned in the early 1960s that initial attempts to develop respiratory syncytial virus vaccines using inactivated virus vaccines were not successful. Unfortunately, the failure of this vaccine hindered the development of respiratory syncytial virus vaccines for decades, and this problem was not revealed until the recent understanding of the structure and function of the virus surface fusion glycoprotein (F). RSVF is a metastable protein that triggers the human immune system to produce antibodies and mediates the entry of viruses. However, it takes a shape before infecting the cells, rearranged into a fused form during the infection. The ill-fated inactivated RSV vaccine and some other recent vaccine candidates mainly contain post-infection glycoproteins. The atomic structure of glycoprotein pre-infection provides key information on how to stabilize protein in a more immune-related conformation, allowing stable recombinant proteins to be expressed in their pre-infection conformation. If the immune system encounters an RSV virus with the first-shaped glycoprotein, it produces powerful antibodies. But if the proteins are in the second shape, fewer antibodies will be produced and they are not very effective. Production of RSV vaccines using traditional methods usually results in a second form of F protein and poor antibody response.
Previously, Science published an article mentioning Barney Graham and Peter Kwong of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Vaccine Research Center (VRC), and McLellan, who worked as a postdoctoral fellow at VRC and is now an associate professor at the University of Texas at Austin, to pioneer the development of the candidate vaccine DS-Cav1 (a single injection of stable RSVF vaccine, called DS-CAV1). The titer of pre-existing neutralizing antibodies in healthy adults has increased by more than 10 times. As expected, neutralizing antibodies preferentially over non-targeting epitope on the glycoprotein-specific surface of the protein before fusion. The titers of serum neutralizing antibodies induced by this vaccine may mediate protective effects within a certain range. It is worth noting that in addition to being expressed as soluble proteins, the DS-Cav1 vaccine can also be arranged on a self-assembled nanoparticle with a highly immunogenic . This nanoparticle shows 20 highly stable preinfection glycoprotein molecules, which predicts that the development of RSV vaccine is effective.
is in China. Previously, the Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences issued an announcement that the Xiao Gengfu research group of the Wuhan Institute of Virology has also made important progress in respiratory syncytial virus vaccines for this glycoprotein. In this study, Xiao Gengfu's research group fused the RSVF protein gene with the Fc segment gene of the mouse IgG2a antibody and expressed it in mammalian cell . Its product F-Fc is a hexamer form that can efficiently bind to antibodies that recognize pre-fusion epitopes. F-Fc nasal drop immunity, transmitted through FcRn, induces high titer antibodies in the lungs of mice; through binding to FcγR and presentation of antigen, cellular immunity biased towards Th1 type is generated. The challenge protection test confirmed that F-Fc immunity significantly reduced lung pathological damage in mice and eliminated the virus, providing new ideas for the final development of anti-RSV vaccines and prevention and control of pneumonia in infants and young children.
Last month, Changchun Hi-Tech issued an announcement stating that the company and CyanVac of the United States jointly signed the "Shareholder Agreement".Changchun Hi-Tech plans to jointly establish a new joint venture with CyanVac, the United States, to develop a respiratory syncytial virus vaccine. After the completion of this investment, the joint venture will acquire the rights and interests of the respiratory syncytial virus vaccine of the United States CyanVac Company in the world except China and implement the development and development of the vaccine.
Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine is a difficult problem that needs to be overcome in the world's medical field. Scientists from various countries are constantly researching and seeking breakthroughs. Now the DS-Cav1 vaccine has entered the clinical testing stage and is being further commercialized. Once the product is successfully launched in the future, it will meet the huge global demand for respiratory syncytial virus vaccine.
Source: Yaozhi.com
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