Preface
This is an American Boeing 787 passenger plane.
If you observe its wings carefully, you will find that it is actually curved.
Related information shows that the wing span of the Boeing 787 is 60.1 meters, and the maximum upward bending of the wing tip reaches 7.9 meters. It can be said that the wing bending degree is "unprecedented".
and what surprised me even more was that the body and wing parts of the aircraft were not made in the United States, but were made by high-precision machine tools from Japan.
So the question is, why can Japanese machine tools be so powerful?
Machine tool manufacturing products
First look at several parts processed by the machine tool.
, such as micro-level high-precision accessories manufactured by Beijing Jingdiao Company.
You will see that when two metal blocks meet, they will be combined into one and are naturally formed.
looks a bit incredible, right?
Actually, this is a magical phenomenon that will occur when the fine sculpture technology reaches an extremely high level.
Because the surface of the two metal blocks is too smooth, a van der Waals force will be generated and they will attract each other tightly. At the same time, no matter where you cooperate, you can achieve a tight fit and even air cannot be in.
, for example, lithography machine , everyone knows it, it is also a product of precision machine tools.
, especially its optical system, has very high requirements for optical components, such as the lens polishing and processing of lithography machines.
I made an example:
If the area of a lens is regarded as the land area of Germany, then the lens needs to be polished to the surface, and all potholes must be controlled below 1 mm.
At the same time, the lens material must be very uniform, which requires high-precision machinery to polish. The number of size adjustments may reach more than one million times, which requires decades to hundreds of years of technical accumulation.
And only German Carl Zeiss can do this job!
So through these two examples, you will see that the more powerful the machine tool, the more refined the parts processed.
Japanese machine tool
Back to the protagonist of our topic - Japanese machine tool.
has anyone heard of the famous "Japanese Toshiba Machine Tool Incident".
Simply put, this is the case. During the Cold War, Japan violated the "Pakistan Treaty" and used the method of changing the prince to export a batch of CNC machine tool equipment to the former Soviet Union that was explicitly prohibited by this treaty, which was later exposed.
. This device is nothing else, it is a CNC machine tool that is highly precisely processed by marine propeller .
After the former Soviet Union obtained this batch of high-precision machine tools, the high-precision processing level of heavy industrial equipment such as submarines has been greatly improved, especially the silent level of nuclear submarines has been greatly improved, which has caused the efforts of the United States to work hard for decades to waste.
What I noticed is that Japan was able to produce high-end machine tools during the Cold War.
With so many years of technological development, Japan's machine tools are now in a global leading position. Its domestic brands such as Mazak, Fanuc, Okuma, and Amanta are all leaders in in the machine tool industry.
Take the Japanese submarine " Canglong " for example. It is a large diesel-electric submarine with low noise navigation performance and adopts many complete noise reduction measures.
Here, let me give you some popular science, what are the main noises of submarines?
noise mainly comes from the internal machinery and thrusters of the submarine.
, for example, 90% of the noise in the frequency range of 10 weeks per second comes from the rotating propeller - that is, propellers, so advanced propellers with small vortex noise and low noise and difficult to detect when the other sonar is.
"Canglong" uses a single-axis large-side inclined seven-blade high-curve propeller. What is the difficulty of processing propellers like
?
is because its blade side oblique angle is relatively large. The so-called side oblique angle is the angle between the hub center line and the blade center line.
Theoretically, as long as the side oblique angle is greater than forty degrees, the water pressure change on the back of the screw paddle will be reduced by half. Therefore, the large side oblique paddle is much more ideal than the ordinary screw paddle for suppressing the generation of cavitation.
not to mention the seven-blade large side oblique oar used on submarines with larger side oblique angles, which can reach more than 40 degrees, more precise processing and more advanced and complex materials!
So to process this kind of propeller, a nine-axis linked CNC milling machine must be used. How powerful are machine tools like
?
In the machine tool industry, CNC machine tools are generally divided into standards by number of axes.
below the three axis is low-end, 3 to five axis is medium-high-end, and 5 axis is high-end. Generally, five-axis can handle most products, while nine-axis is high-end equipment.
For example:
Our normal hair diameter is usually 60 microns, and the machining accuracy of an ultra-high precision machine tool can reach 0.01-0.001 microns, that is, it can reach or be close to the nanometer level, so small that the naked eye cannot distinguish it.
is also 1,000 times higher than ordinary CNC machine tools.
The gap between Chinese and Japanese machine tools
After reading the machine tool situation of Japanese neighbors, some friends must want to know how big the gap between Chinese machine tools and Japanese machine tools?
Compared with developed countries, my country's machine tool industry started late, developed for a short time, and its technology was relatively backward.
domestic CNC machine tools are mostly mid- and low-end products, and 90% of high-end CNC machine tools rely on imports, of which Japan is the main source of imports, accounting for about one-third.
From the perspective of industrial maturity, the gap between my country's high-end CNC machine tools and foreign countries is around 40-60 years, which is only equivalent to the level of developed countries in the 1950s. Although we have achieved certain results in
, there are still differences in the functional components of the machine tool.
such as bearings, screws , CNC system, rotary table, linear motor, torque motor direct drive technology, are currently used abroad, they are assembled by themselves, and the accuracy is not stable. Similar machine tools can be done in China, but they are not stable and difficult to use.
Insight
Finally, Xiao Jing wanted to say:
Equipment manufacturing industry is the cornerstone of a country's industrial development. It is directly related to a country's industrial production capacity, and then directly affects the country's economic strength and international status.
and machine tools are a symbol of a country's manufacturing level. Advanced CNC processing equipment is an important strategic material for any country!
A good machine tool requires common progress in the entire industry chain.
At the same time, the entire machine tool industry also needs to have a reasonable layout to achieve professional division of labor. To be honest, each of them performs its own duties and each component must have a clear division of labor.
At the same time, the research and development of core technologies of machine tool equipment is unlikely to have substantial results without decades of dedicated research. You should know whose technical strength is not accumulated in one or two days, it takes a long process.
So this kind of series of problems is worthy of deep reflection by each of us!
