If you want to become a qualified "supervisor", you need to firmly grasp the various systems of project supervision and issues that need to be paid attention to in your work. The following are some key projects supervision points we have compiled for you, hoping to help all supervisors complete their work better. In supervision work, we must uphold a serious and careful attitude, and strictly abide by all supervision guidelines!
1. Preliminary supervision measures
1. Urge construction units to establish and improve the "dormitory management system" and "sanitary system".
2. Check the implementation of various systems and strictly rectify unqualified points and aspects.
3. Urge the construction unit to organize personnel to conduct inspections regularly. If it is found that there are dirty, messy or poor phenomena in the dormitory, it will be ordered to make rectifications.
4. Inspection and urge the construction unit to do a good job in fire prevention during the temporary installation. If the personnel are not present, cut off the power supply and lock the door lock.
5. Fire and gas poisoning should be prevented in the dormitory in winter. It is not allowed to pull and connect wires randomly, use electric stoves or kerosene stoves, use light bulbs over 100W, or small sun dry clothes, and store flammable and explosive items in the dormitory.
6. The dormitory should be kept clean and neat.
7. There must be no debris under the bed, the surface of the table and chairs is free of dust, and the windows are bright.
8. Urge the construction unit to arrange a duty table in the dormitory so that employees can clean consciously.
9. It is strictly forbidden for men and women to live in the dormitory, and single shops are implemented.
2. Construction safety management supervision measures
(I) Work content of safety supervision
1. Main work of safety supervision
(1) Assist the owners in time to handle project safety supervision procedures and assist the owners in formulating a safety production agreement.
(2) Review whether the main person in charge of the construction unit, the project person in charge and full-time safety production management personnel have passed the assessment and whether they are equipped in accordance with regulations.
(3) Review the safety production license and enterprise qualifications of construction units, professional contractors and labor subcontractors.
(4) Review the qualifications of special operations personnel, urge construction units to do a good job in controlling hazard sources for engineering projects, and urge construction units to carry out safety education and safety briefing.
(5) Urge construction units to establish and improve the construction site safety production guarantee system, and urge construction units to inspect the production safety system of subcontracting enterprises.
(6) Review the construction organization design compiled by the construction unit, safety technical measures , safety construction measures for high-risk operations and emergency rescue plans for engineering projects.
2. The main work of safety supervision during construction
(1) Supervise the construction unit to organize construction in accordance with the mandatory standards for engineering construction and special safety construction plans to stop illegal operations.
(2) Check and urge the construction unit to implement safety protection measures for each part of the division and sub-process according to the standards and specifications.
(3) Urge the construction units to conduct safety self-inspection work, inspect on-site civilized construction, fire safety and other work, and participate in safety inspections at the construction site.
(4) Review the acceptance procedures of construction machinery and safety facilities of the construction unit, and sign opinions. Those that have not been signed by the safety supervision personnel shall not be put into use.
(5) Safety supervision personnel should implement on-site supervision and inspection of key processes in high-risk operations.
(6) Collect safety supervision materials in a timely and accurate manner, rectify safety supervision documents, and establish safety supervision files.
(II) Supervision measures for "Three Treasures and Four Treasures"
Security Protection
1. Operators must use the "Three Treasures" in accordance with regulations; the "Four Treasures" must be strictly implemented.
(1) The wooden board with a reserved hole at a plane of no less than 25㎝×25㎝ is firmly fixed; 25㎝×25㎝--1.5×1.5㎝, two upper and lower railings are installed around it, and a grid is used to fence the hole, and a flat net is installed at the hole.
(2) Two upper and lower railings are installed at the edge of the structure, with net fences, and red and white paint as a reminder. A double-layer isolation protective shed is set up at several entrances and exits of the building and next to the derricks.
2. Check the installation of the safety net. When removing the mold on the second floor above
, use a dense safety net around the building to seal it with a firm opening and then remove the mold.
3. Check the construction unit’s on-site safety signs and warn whether the layout complies with the specifications.
Mechanical Equipment
Tower must be accepted by the superior competent department before it can be used. There are full-time drivers to operate, strictly abide by the "Ten No Hanging" regulations, and sufficient lighting should be provided at night construction. Heavy objects are not allowed to be hung in the air when they are off work and after work. Relevant safety measures must be taken when there is strong wind.
3. Safety supervision measures for foundation pit support projects
When excavating the earth, it should be determined based on the engineering geology and the height of the soil slope, combined with the slope of the local similar soil quality. The earth excavation should be carried out in layers from top to bottom in order, and a certain slope should be made at any time to facilitate water discharge, and water should not accumulate within a range that affects the stability of the slope. When excavating the soil, pay attention to the variation of the soil wall. If cracked parts are found, support or slope should be adjusted in time, and attention should be paid to the stability of the support and the changes in the slope. The excavator should keep the soil at least 2.3 meters thick on the base and not excavate. Finally, it is manually repaired to the design elevation. Soil is piled up at the edge of the pit. Materials and construction machinery should keep a certain distance from the edge of the pit. When the soil is good, it should be 1 meter away from the edge of the pit, and the stacking height should not exceed 1.5 meters.
4. Technical supervision measures for tower crane installation safety
1. Special construction plans should be prepared for the installation and removal of tower cranes
2. Preparation before installation
0 Before disassembly and assembly operations, a comprehensive inspection should be conducted to prevent any hidden dangers and ensure safe operations.
(1) Check whether the concrete fixed foundation meets the technical requirements. The concrete strength should not be lower than C35 foundation surface flatness deviation is less than 1/1000.
(2) Check the various mechanisms, parts, structural welds, important parts of the tower crane , bolt pins, winch mechanisms, wire ropes, hooks, slings, electrical equipment, lines, etc., and deal with problems in time when they are disassembled and installed.
(3) Perform a comprehensive inspection of the tools, seat belts and safety helmets used by disassembly and assemble personnel, and replace them immediately if they fail.
(4) Check the power supply, gate box and power supply lines to ensure the normal operation of the power.
(5) Check the relevant situation on the work site, such as whether the work site, transportation road, etc. have met the conditions for disassembly and assembly operations.
(6) Technical personnel and operating personnel meet the specification requirements.
(7) Security measures have met the requirements.
3. Safety technology in disassembly and assembly operations
(1) The disassembly and assembly operations of tower cranes should be carried out during the day and should not be carried out in strong winds, thick fog and rainy days.
(2) During the entire disassembly and assembly operation, the site must be kept clean and orderly. When placing the crane under the structure, it must be padded to prevent damage or deformation.
(3) The wire rope used for installation and installation must comply with the standards and meet the installation requirements.
(4) Before assembly or installation of parts by piece, comprehensive inspection of the integrity, connection conditions, wire rope winding conditions, electrical circuits, etc. of each part must be conducted.
(5) During the disassembly and assembly operation, if a sudden power outage, mechanical failure, weather fusion occurs, the operation cannot be continued. The crane must be installed, the disassembled part must be stable and locked firmly, all structural parts have been connected firmly, and the center of gravity line at the top of the tower is at the center of the support at the bottom of the tower. After inspection and confirmation, the operation can be stopped.
(6) When installing, the specified bolts, pins, shafts and other connecting parts should be used according to safety requirements. The bolts should meet the specified tightening force when tightening the bolts, and the bolts, locks, and shafts must have reliable anti-loosening or protection devices.
(7) The procedures for installation operations, auxiliary equipment, rigging, tools, ground anchor reinforcement, etc., should be carried out in accordance with the provisions in the instruction manual of the machine or in accordance with the standard installation process.
4. Tower crane acceptance
After the tower crane is installed, the user unit of the tower crane shall organize the acceptance, and the units participating in the acceptance include the installation unit of the user unit of the tower crane.
5. Safe use of tower cranes
(1) The tower driver should have a certain level of education and be over 18 years old.
(2) Do not suffer from color blindness, hearing impairment, and corrected vision shall not be less than 5.0.
(3) Do not suffer from heart disease, hypertension, anemia, epilepsy, dizziness, fat breakage and other diseases, as well as physiological defects that hinder lifting operations.
(4) Passed the training of relevant departments and was certified to work.
6. The use of tower cranes should comply with the safety technical standards, specifications and procedures issued by the state and competent departments, and also comply with the relevant provisions in the instruction manual.
(1) Daily inspection and pre-use inspection.
(2) The concrete foundation should be checked for uneven settlement.
(3) The distance between any part of the crane and the transmission line should comply with relevant regulations.
(4) Check whether the metal structure and appearance structure of the tower are normal.
(5) Whether each safety device and indicator instrument are complete and effective.
(6) Is the connection bolts in the main part loose?
(7) The wear of the wire rope and whether the pulley winding complies with the regulations.
(8) Whether the grounding of the tower crane and the electrical equipment shell should be connected to the body to meet the specifications.
(9) distribution box and power switch settings should meet the requirements.
7. Things to note during use
(1) Before operation, air operation should be carried out to check whether all working mechanisms, brakes and safety devices are normal.
(2) The tower driver must cooperate with the on-site command staff.
(3) The limit shall not be used as the stop operation switch, lift heavy objects, and shall not fall freely.
(4) Pile pulling, trapping, inclined lifting and overloading operation are strictly prohibited. Tower cranes are strictly prohibited to transport personnel, and use hooks to directly hang hanging objects.
(5) Stop use when the wind power exceeds level 6.
(6) The cause should be found when alarming any safety device during operation, and the safety device shall not be removed at will.
(7) After the operation is completed, turn all working mechanism switches to zero and cut off the total power supply.
(8) During maintenance and maintenance, the power supply of the tower crane should be cut off and a warning sign should be hung on the switch box.
5. Safety technical measures for template engineering
(I) Regulations on template installation
1. Before installation, review the design special plan, review whether the load, calculation method, and node structure in the template structural design and construction instructions meet the actual situation, and whether there is an installation and demolition plan.
2. The construction unit provides a comprehensive and detailed safety technical briefing on the formwork construction team.
3. Use qualified templates and accessories.
4. When the vertical formwork support part is installed on the base soil, a pad should be added.
5. During the installation process of templates and their brackets, effective temporary fixing facilities for anti-capsulation must be adopted.
6. Cast-in-place multi-story or high-rise houses, structures, and installation of upper-level formwork and their brackets shall comply with the following provisions:
(1) The lower floor shall have the capacity to bear the upper load or be supported by brackets.
(2) The upper bracket column should be aligned with the lower bracket column, and a pad plate should be installed at the bottom of the column.
(3) When the suspension wall hanging formwork and truss support formwork are used, the bearing capacity and stiffness of its support structure must meet the requirements.
7. When the height of the template installation operation exceeds 2.0 meters, a scaffolding or platform must be erected.
8. When installing the template, someone should respond to it from top to bottom, and throwing is strictly prohibited. Moreover, the template must not be placed on the door and window frames, nor must the scaffolding board on the template, nor can the template be connected with the tic-tac, scaffolding or operating platform.
9. When lifting the template vertically, the following requirements must be met:
(1) During the lifting and lowering process, a dedicated person should be assigned to command, unify the signal, and closely cooperate.
(2) When lifting large blocks or overall templates, vertical lifting should be at least two lifting points, horizontal lifting should be at least four lifting points, and must be connected with a snap ring.
(3) When lifting bulk templates, they must be neatly placed and can only be lifted after they are tied firmly.
10. All lifting operations should be stopped at level 5 or above.
11. Assemble vertical templates with a height of more than 2 meters, do not stand on the lower template to assemble the upper template.
12. When the support is inclined at a certain angle or the surface of its support is inclined, reliable measures should be taken to ensure the stability of the fulcrum, and reliable anti-slip measures must be taken for the support foot.
13. Unless otherwise specified in the design drawings, all vertical bracket columns are guaranteed to be vertical. Its perpendicular allowable deviation is 6 mm when the layer height is greater than 5 meters, and 8 mm when the layer height is greater than 5 meters.
14. When installing secondary support for beams and plates, there must be no construction load on the beams and plates, and the position of the support must be accurate.
15. The bracket column or truss must have reliable measures to maintain stability.
(II) Template removal regulations
1. The order and method of demolishing various templates should be carried out according to the template design regulations. If there is no design requirement for the template, it can be disassembled first and then, and the one that supports later can be disassembled first; the non-load-bearing formwork can be disassembled first. The load-bearing formwork and brackets are removed in the order of dismantling them.
2. The removed template must be cleaned as soon as possible to avoid nails stuttering and hindering traffic accidents.
3. There should be no one below when removing the mold, in case someone accidentally enters and is injured.
4. The removed template should be transported downward and transmitted. It should be echoed up and down. It should not be pried hard, causing large areas to collapse.
5. The demolition operation must be carried out during the day and should be demolished in sections. All items of the removed parts and operating platform shall not be thrown from high altitudes.
6. When encountering thunderstorm, fog, snow or wind speed reaches level 5 or above, sliding mold removal operations shall not be carried out.
6. Scaffolding safety technical supervision measures fastener type scaffolding must meet the following requirements:
1. Vertical and horizontal rods and vertical rods must be set up. The intersection of the three rods is connected to each other by right-angle fasteners and should be as close as possible. The fastener contact point close to these three rods is called the fastener scaffolding main node.
2. Tighten the fastener bolts and the torque should be between 40-65N?M to ensure that the nodes of the scaffolding have the necessary rigidity and ability to withstand loads.
3. Between the scaffolding and the building, sufficient number and even distribution of wall connecting parts must be set according to the design calculation requirements. This wall connecting parts should be able to act as a support point that restricts the deformation of the scaffolding in the horizontal direction (perpendicular to the direction of the building wall), so as to prevent the scaffolding from being instable or overturning in the horizontal direction and reliably transmit wind load.
4. The scaffolding pole foundation must be solid and have sufficient load-bearing capacity to prevent uneven or excessive settlement.
5. Longitudinal shear braces and transverse oblique braces should be set so that the scaffold has sufficient longitudinal and transverse overall stiffness.
6. The fastener should have a factory certificate of conformity. If it is found to have brittle cracks or deformed slip wires, it is prohibited to use them.
7. Wooden scaffolding boards should be fir or pine boards with a thickness of not less than 5 cm, and the width should be 20-30 cm. Any decayed, twisted, twilled, cracked and perforated shall not be used.
8. The steel pipe vertical poles of the outer scaffolding should be placed vertically on the mattress. The spacing between the vertical poles should not be greater than 2 meters, the spacing between the large cross rods should be greater than 1.2 meters, and the spacing between the small cross rods should not be greater than 1.5 meters. The joints of the steel pipe vertical poles and the large cross rods should be staggered. The bolts should be connected with fasteners and tightened bolts should not be tied with iron wire.
9. Scissors and poles should be installed at the corners of the two ends of the scaffolding, and every 6-7 poles. The angle between the scissors struts and support rods and the ground should not be greater than 60 degrees, the bottom of the support rods should be buried underground at no less than 30 cm, the height of the frame is 4 meters, and the horizontal is 7 meters, and the scaffolding must be firmly connected to the building.
10. There must be no gaps or probe boards for auxiliary frames. The scaffolding boards must not be less than 20 cm when overlapping. Double rows of small cross bars should be installed when connecting the joints, and the spacing should not be less than 2 cm. At the bend of the rack, the scaffolding should be cross-over and overlapped, and wooden blocks should be used to cushion the scaffolding boards should be nailed firmly, and bricks should not be used.
11. Two people should turn the scaffolding boards from the inside to the outside in sequence. When the first piece or the last piece of scaffolding board is flipped, the seat belt must be hung tightly.
7. Safety technical supervision measures for high-altitude operations
1. Regular physical examinations must be conducted in high-altitude operations. After diagnosis by the doctor, any high blood pressure, heart disease, anemia, epilepsy, and other people who are not suitable for high-altitude operations shall not engage in high-altitude operations.
2. Clothes should be flexible when working at high altitudes, and it is not allowed to wear hard soles and shoes with iron and slippery clothes.
3. The materials used for high-altitude operations should be stacked smoothly, and tools should be placed in the tool bag at will. It is not allowed to throw objects from the upper and lower levels.
4. When wind is above level 6 and affects construction safety, it is prohibited to carry out high-altitude lifting.
5. Safety nets or railings should be installed in holes and dangerous areas around the site to prevent falling.
8. Safety supervision plan for on-site construction electricity use With the rapid development of the construction industry, the safety of on-site construction electricity use is particularly important. In order to ensure that there are no electric shock accidents throughout the construction process, eliminate hidden dangers, improve the safety quality of construction electricity use, and enable safe electricity use to achieve the purpose of specifications, standards and safety. According to the requirements of the technical specifications for on-site construction electricity safety (JGJ46-2005) and (JGJ46-88), as well as the actual situation on site, the following plans are specially formulated.
(I) Check whether the on-site construction power supply construction organization design submitted by the construction unit meets the specification requirements.
(II) Draw the overall plan of construction electricity for the main construction based on the on-site.
(III) The construction is arranged according to the floor plan. The line is a three-phase five-wire system, namely the TN-S system. The overhead line shall not be less than 5 meters, the pole distance shall be 25 meters-40 meters, and the conductor shall be 3 meters away from the building. Cable laying must be buried through steel pipes, and joints are strictly prohibited from underground.
(IV) Construction electricity uses three-level distribution and second-level protection, and the end box uses one machine, one gate, one leak and one box.
(V) The distribution box adopts an iron standard distribution box, with regular wiring inside the box, locked on the door, and clear circuit signs.
(VI) The distribution room or transformer must be surrounded. And set up obvious safety warning signs. Built-in carbon dioxide fire extinguisher or carbon tetrachloride fire extinguisher.
(7) The secondary distribution box should be set up where the power consumption equipment should be concentrated in the near distance, and the third-level distribution box should be less than 3 meters away from the equipment.
(Eight) The tower crane power supply must be equipped with independent loop control.
(9) The on-site grounding trunk and branch lines are introduced by the grounding network, and 40×4 galvanized flat steel is used, and the grounding resistance is less than 4? ohm .
(10) The metal shell of the electrical equipment must have a clear grounding point, and the shell of the hand-burning electric tool must be reliable grounding.
(11) The mobile distribution box must have a bracket to install and fix it firmly and reliably, and use a 5-core rubber soft cable for wiring.
(12) Accurately calculate the load amount of construction electricity, and select the switching equipment and line diameter according to the maximum current and voltage drop coefficient.
(13) Electrical equipment must have test, inspection and acceptance records. Regular inspections must be made with written records.
(14) The lighting should be laid separately, and the PVC tube should be applied secretly, and it should not be pulled or connected randomly.
(15) Mobile lighting should use a running light transformer, with a voltage less than 36V or 24V.
(16) Electricians are on duty with a certificate, and two people work in the electricity industry, with a supervisor. Wear insulated shoes and insulated gloves when working in the distribution room. Wear a seat belt for high altitude work.
(17) Non-electricians are not allowed to connect or replace electricity facilities privately.
(18) Supervisors must strictly enforce the law, inspect and inspect, and immediately ask the construction party to rectify the situation if it is unreasonable until it is qualified.
9. Fire safety supervision measures
1. Establish a fire management leadership group, with the project manager taking the lead to implementing fire protection measures.
2. Project fire protection facilities require a temporary fire hydrant to be installed on each second floor, and a closed manual switch next to each fire hydrant to start the temporary fire water pump during a fire alarm.
3. Implement the three-level fire prevention approval system, strictly manage fire, and strengthen the responsibility system of fire prevention guardians.
4. Two fire extinguishers are set up every 30 meters for the outside scaffolding, and each floor is set up, and corresponding fire extinguishing equipment is equipped in the mechanical equipment operation shed.
5. Fire extinguishing equipment must be inspected and replaced by person to ensure the effectiveness of use. For project fire protection facilities, a safety person is responsible for daily supervision and maintenance work to ensure that this important rescue system is not abused and can operate normally 24 hours a day.
6. Fire management personnel conduct regular learning and training, and organize construction personnel to conduct on-site operation demonstrations in terms of correct use of fire equipment to improve everyone's fire prevention awareness and standardize fire management at construction sites.
7. Flammable items are specially set up in warehouses and are not allowed to be stored in the project. Isolation measures shall be taken and must not be mixed with other items.
8, oxygen cylinders , and acetylene cylinders are placed in special warehouses respectively.
10. Fire safety supervision on construction site
1. Establishment of fire prevention system
(1) The construction site must establish and improve fire prevention inspection systems.
(2) Establish a voluntary fire brigade, with the number of people not less than 1% of the total construction personnel.
(3) Establish an open flame application approval system, divide levels according to regulations, improve approval procedures, and provide guardianship measures.
2. Firefighting equipment is equipped with
(1) In the temporary building area, 2 fire extinguishers are equipped for every 100㎡.
(2) The total area of large temporary facilities exceeds 1,200 square meters. They should be equipped with water buckets (pools), yellow sand pools and other facilities for fire protection. No items shall be stacked around the above facilities.
(3) Temporary woodworking room, paint room, wood, equipment room, etc., are equipped with a suitable type of fire extinguisher for every 25㎡. The dangerous goods warehouse of the oil warehouse should be equipped with a sufficient number of suitable types of fire extinguishers.
(4) High-pressure water pumps or other fire-proof equipment and facilities with sufficient head should be installed on high-rise construction sites above 24 meters.
3. Fire protection requirements at the construction site
(1) When each unit prepares the construction organization design, the general construction plan, construction methods and construction technology must meet fire safety requirements.
(2) The construction site should clearly divide the fire-use operation areas, flammable and combustible material yards, warehouses, flammable waste concentrated stations and living areas.
(3) There should be lighting equipment at night to keep the fire lane unobstructed, and forces should be arranged to strengthen on-duty patrols.
(4) When temporary buildings need to be built during construction, they must be approved by the technical person in charge of the construction company and should be demolished in a timely manner after the construction. But it is not to set up temporary buildings or stack combustible items under high-pressure overhead.
(5) The construction site should be equipped with sufficient fire-fighting equipment, designated personnel to maintain and manage, and updated regularly to ensure complete and easy-to-use.
(6) During civil construction, fire-fighting equipment and facilities should be equipped first. If conditions permit, outdoor fire water pumps and fire hydrants should be laid.
(7) The distance between welding and cutting operation points, oxygen cylinders, calcium carbide barrels, and acetylene generators, and other dangerous items shall not be less than 10 meters, and the distance between them shall not be less than 30 meters. If the above requirements are not met, the fire approval system shall be implemented and effective safety isolation measures shall be taken.
(8) The distance between the storage of the acetylene generator and the oxygen cylinder shall not be less than 2 meters, and the distance between the two shall not be less than 5 meters when used.
(9) Safety accessories on welding and cutting equipment such as oxygen cylinders, acetylene generators should be complete and effective, otherwise they shall not be used.
(10) Welding and cutting operations at the construction site must comply with fire prevention requirements and strictly implement the "Ten No Burning" regulations.
(11) When insulation and heating measures are used in winter construction, the following requirements should be met:
is heated by an electric heater, and a voltage regulator should be installed to control the voltage, the wires should be well insulated, firmly connected, and multiple measurement points should be set on site.
uses sawdust quicklime to store heat. Safe formula ratio should be selected and can only be used with the approval of engineering and technical personnel.
Before using insulation or heating measures, safety education should be conducted. During the construction process, special personnel should be arranged to patrol and inspect, and hidden dangers should be dealt with in a timely manner.
(12) The fire operation at the construction site must be subject to the approval system.
The administrative person in charge of the unit where the first-level fire operation is located fills out the fire application form and prepares a safety technical measure plan. The fire can only be fired after being reported to the company's security department and fire department for review and approval.
The second-level fire operation shall be filled out by the person in charge of the construction site and workshop where they are located, and the fire application form shall be carried out after preparing a safety technical measure plan and reporting it to the competent department of the unit for review and approval.
The fire application form of the third-level fire operation shall be filled in by the team of the team. The fire can only be started after review and approval by the person in charge of the construction site, workshop and supervisor.
Fire operation in ancient buildings and important units and other places shall be submitted for approval according to the first-level fire operation procedures.
