Zheng Zhenduo (December 19, 1898 - October 17, 1958), whose courtesy name is Xidi, and his pen name is Guo Yuanxin, Luoxue, ct, etc. He was born in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, and his ancestral home is Changle, Fujian. An outstanding patriot and social activist, writer, poet, scholar, literary critic, literary historian, translator, art historian in modern China, is also a famous collector and exegeist.
Zheng Zhenduo
Life of a literary fighter
Daiyang Zheng family originated in Shouzhan Village, Changle. It has always been the most important thing for education and study. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were 6 Jinshi, 20 Juren, and many tribute students, Tai students, etc.; among the university graduates from the Republic of China to this day, there are dozens of doctoral and masters, 44 associate professors and above, and 2 academicians. Zheng Shiwei, a seventh-generation ancestor of the Zheng family, was a Jinshi in the Jichou year of Jiajing and was a famous minister of the Ming Dynasty; Zheng Zhenduo's Gaozu Zheng Yuanbi was the second Jinshi in the village, and after his death, he was admitted to the Fengchi Famous Teacher Temple; Zheng Zhenduo's great-grandmother Guo once wrote two volumes of "Jishenglou Poetry Collection".
Daiyang Zheng Family Ancestral Hall
Zheng Shiwei's plaque "Shipei Loyalty and Fortunate"
Zheng Zhenduo's father was just a small clerk in Yongjia County, Zhejiang Province (now Wenzhou City ), where Zheng Zhenduo was born. Zheng's father died early, and his mother relied on relatives to help him sell homemade insoles and other things to pull him up. Zheng Zhenduo studied at Pingchang Road Primary School, Wen No. 2 Middle School, and Wenzhou Middle School . In the summer of 1917, they went to Beijing to join their uncle's house who worked in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, but they also rely on half of the public expenses to go to college. Although Zheng Zhenduo's initial ambition was to go to the first-class liberal arts university in Beijing, he ended up attending the "actual" Beijing Railway Management School (now Beijing Jiaotong University ).
Shortly after arriving in Beijing, Zheng Zhenduo met Qu Qiubai, Geng Jizhi , Xu Dishan and others. When the May Fourth Movement broke out, they each became student representatives of their schools and actively participated in the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal movement. In November 1919, they jointly founded the "New Society" weekly issue, advocating social transformation. In November 1920, Zheng Zhenduo, Shen Yanbing ( Mao Dun ), Ye Shaojun ( Ye Shengtao ) and others initiated the establishment of the Literary Research Association .
In the spring of 1921, Zheng Zhenduo went to work in Shanghai after graduation. Soon, he served as the editor of " Xuedeng " (supplement of Shanghai "Current Affairs News"), and was introduced by Shen Yanbing to the Compilation Office of Commercial Press. On May 10 of the same year, the Literary Research Association official newspaper "Literary Weekly", edited by him, was founded, and was an influential publication in the early new literary movement. At the same time, it began to edit and publish the "Literary Research Society Series", and also participated in the establishment of the monthly magazine "Drama" and "Poetry" monthly magazine. In January 1922, he edited the weekly magazine "Children's World" in China, and wrote many works, which played a pioneering role in the cause of modern children's literature in China. In January 1923, he replaced Shen Yanbing to edit the Novel Monthly. During this period, he published a large number of literary comments in publications such as "Literary Weekly" and "Novel Monthly", becoming an important theoretical critic of the Literary Research Association, which was as famous as Shen Yanbing at that time.
In October 1923, Zheng Zhenduo and the young girl of Commercial Press, Gao Mengdan, , got married to the May 3 3rd Massacre in 1925, Zheng Zhenduo, Ye Shaojun, Hu Yuzhi and others founded the Axiom Daily to expose and criticize imperialist atrocities. In the same year, he participated in the launch of the "China Rescue Association" and signed and published the "Declaration on Human Rights Protection" with Guo Moruo, , Shen Yanbing, Hu Yuzhi and others. During this period, his main academic works were "A Brief History of Russian Literature", "Biography of Tai (Tai) Gore", "Literary Outline", etc.
In February 1927, Zheng Zhenduo, Ye Shaojun, Hu Yuzhi and others initiated the establishment of the "Shanghai Writers Association", which actively participated in the revolutionary activities before and after the Third Armed Uprising of Shanghai workers. After the "April 12" coup, he and Hu Yuzhi and others wrote to the Kuomintang authorities, strongly protesting against the massacre of revolutionary masses, and were almost arrested for this. Under the strong advice of his family, he took a boat to Europe for asylum and study tours.
Zheng Zhenduo took a photo with his family
In Paris National Library , Zheng Zhenduo reads books about ancient Chinese novels, opera , and transformed texts, and studied Greek and Roman literature, translated monographs such as "Introduction to Folklore" (later destroyed by Japanese artillery fire), "A Brief Introduction to Folklore" (1934), "History of Excavation of Ancient City tombs in the Ancient City in the Last Hundred Years" (1930), and also created most of the works in the short story collection "The Story of the Family" (1929). In October 1928, he returned to Shanghai.
After returning to China, Zheng Zhenduo participated in the launch of the "Chinese Writers Association" and served as executive committee member. In the autumn of 1931, he went to Peking to serve as a professor in the Chinese department of Yenching University and Tsinghua University. In 1932, his "Illustrated Chinese Literature History" was published. In 1934, he published a collection of essays such as "The Collection of Chinese Literature" and "The Collection of Rippers", as well as a collection of novels that praise the reality of revolutionary struggles through Greek mythology. During this period, he also participated in the editing of the famous large-scale literary journals "Literature" and "Literature Quarterly".
In the spring of 1935, Zheng Zhenduo went to Shanghai to serve as the dean of the School of Literature and the director of the Chinese Department of Jinan University. Since then, he edited the large-scale literary series "World Library". Before and after this, he participated in the editing and selection of " Chinese New Literature Department ", collaborated with Lu Xun to compile "Beiping Notes" and "Shizhuzhai Notes", and assisted Lu Xun in editing and publishing the "Haixi Presented Forest". At the end of 1935, he participated in the "Shanghai Cultural Circle National Salvation Association". In June 1936, the "Chinese Artists Association" was established and Zheng Zhenduo was elected as a director. During this period, he also wrote the collection of literary essays "The Collection of Dark Swords" (1936) and the collection of historical novels "Gui Gongtang" (1937).
Jin Shangyi's "Qu Qiubai"
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Zheng Zhenduo participated in the launch of the "Shanghai Cultural World National Salvation Association" and founded the "National Salvation Daily". Before and after the fall of Shanghai, he stayed on the isolated island, rescued a large number of precious ancient documents and books for the country, and compiled and copied the "Catalog of Chinese Print History", "Xuanlantang Series", "Mingji Historical Materials Series", etc. His "History of Chinese Literature" was published in 1938, and this book represents the highest level of research in this area in China at that time.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Zheng Zhenduo was the head of the Shanghai Branch of the All-China Literary and Art Circles Anti-Enemy Association and participated in the initiation of the "China Democratic Promotion Association". He is the editor-in-chief of the weekly magazine "Democracy". He edited the monthly magazine "Renaissance" with Li Jianwu and , and also compiled "Reference Map of Chinese History" and "Collection of Ancient Chinese Paintings Collection from Outside the Region".
Zheng Zhenduo's book Gong Zizhen Poems
In February 1949, Zheng Zhenduo detoured Hong Kong and entered the liberated area. In July, he attended the First Congress of the National Chinese Literary and Art Workers and was elected as a standing member of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and the China Literary Workers Association (later renamed as Writers Association). After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as director of the Cultural Relics Bureau, director of the Institute of Archaeology, director of the Institute of Literature, member of the academic department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, deputy director of the Ministry of Culture, as well as vice chairman of the China Folk Art Research Association and director of the China Folk Art Workers Association. He has compiled "The Great Art Traditional Catalogue" (1952), "A Brief History of Ancient Chinese Printmaking" (1985), etc., and has edited "Ancient Opera Series" and "Ancient Chinese Printmaking Series". In 1957, he compiled and published three volumes of "Research on Chinese Literature", which basically included various fields and topics he involved in Chinese literature research before the founding of the Republic, reflecting his achievements in these aspects.
On October 18, 1958, Zheng Zhenduo led a Chinese cultural delegation to visit the Kingdom of Afghanistan and the United Arab Republic. He died in the line of duty due to a plane crash in the Soviet Union. Chairman Mao Zedong personally signed the "Revolutionary Martyrs Certificate". Premier Zhou Enlai also wrote a poem all night to commemorate the dead martyrs such as Zheng Zhenduo and Cai Shufan.
revolutionary martyrs certificate
special collection
In the history of modern Chinese book collection, Zheng Zhenduo is a heavyweight worthy of attention. His collection of books is "in terms of quantity and quality, it is one of the few in contemporary private collections" (Preface to Zhao Wanli's "Xi Di Bibliography").
Due to the turbulent current situation and the changes in the living environment, Zheng Zhenduo's collection of books has been repeatedly lost, either destroyed by war or forced to sell them for life, and there are great changes. As for the total amount of books he collected throughout his life, it is difficult to have an accurate statistics. The book "Xi Di Bibliography" reflects the situation of his collection of books in his later years. According to the book, except for documents, common old and new editions, there are as many as 7,740 ancient books alone, so we can have a sensory understanding of the collection of books.
Zheng Zhenduo's intention and diligence in searching books is also commendable. To describe it in his own words, "Where you search and visit, you will be from Shanghai, and you will be caught from Paris, London, and Edinburgh. Anyone who has published a book and who can get whatever you want, will do whatever you can, and you will definitely get it. You will ignore the classics and clothing and diet. Therefore, you often have no articles, but you will have a lot of books." (Preface to Zheng Zhenduo's "Secretary in the Job") Zheng Zhenduo was the first Chinese scholar to visit popular literature documents in European countries.
Zheng Zhenduo "Secretary of the Job"
Compared with those old-school book collectors who prefer old books and rare secrets of Song and Yuan dynasties, Zheng Zhenduo's collection of old books is not only for his personal interest, but also for academic consciousness. He closely combines the collection of ancient books with academic research, without the fireworks of appreciation and profit. As he said: "I never thought of collecting books for the sake of collecting books. What I do To collect some ancient books, it is entirely for the convenience of your own research and application. Sometimes, even if you go, you will be distracted; sometimes, when you are excited, you will be enthusiastic about the collection of books of a certain type. In short, it is for your own research and research plans at that time and in the future." (New preface to Zheng Zhenduo's "Secretary of the Journey")
Zheng Zhenduo's lifelong interest in studying, and his personal collection also has the same characteristics, from poetry and prose to popular literature, from ancient prints to classics and historical books, they are all included in his collection. However, his academic research has both broad and specialized characteristics, which is reflected in his academic research, mainly focusing on popular literature research represented by novels, operas, and rap literature. Therefore, classics in this regard account for a large proportion of their collections, which is also the characteristic of his collection. As he summarized: "Since the Song and Yuan dynasties, lyrics, operas, and novels, I have obtained secret books in the past." (Zheng Zhenduo's "Book of Rare Operas Collection") This is because the previous popular literature research lacks sufficient and necessary academic accumulation, and the relevant literature is seriously lost, and both the academic and the collecting circles do not pay enough attention to it, and the research work is difficult to carry out in-depth based on the public book collection institutions at that time. Therefore, we have to complete the collection of popular literature and accumulate these most primitive and basic tasks through personal efforts, and put in a lot of effort for them.
"Catalogue of Rare Books of Xidi Collection"
Zheng Zhenduo's study of ancient Chinese popular literature began in the 1920s. His search for old books on popular literature also began at this time. He adopted the method of abandoning oneself and taking it, "for the plays, novels, Fubao Volume, Tanci that are not very thoughtful, the rest will only get more" (Preface to Zheng Zhenduo's "Secretary in the Job", published in "Zheng Zhenduo's Collection of Works", Volume 7, page 433, People's Literature Publishing House 988 edition).
is driven by academic search and promotes academic research. Zheng Zhenduo actually has the dual identities of scholars and collectors. In this way, he is not only a pioneer in popular literature research, but also a new type of book collector who has opened up a generation of fashion. Under his influence, a group of such new type of book collectors emerged, such as Ma Lian, Aying, Zhao Jingshen, , Fu Xihua, etc. "There are more and more professionals who study novels, operas, and Buddhist scriptures. Even if you are in remote areas and have broken papers, you will find them all." "The diligence of searching and visiting is almost meticulous" (Zheng Zhenduo's "Records of the Discoveries of Ancient Books in 1933").
"Xi Di Bibliography"
Qu Xue Collection
1932, Zheng Zhenduo held an exhibition of North West Chambers in his Beijing residence, displaying a total of 27 types of "Xi Qi" published by Ming and Qing Dynasties. Except for 6 of them borrowed from the Peking Library, the rest are from his personal collection, and "most of them are rare books that are not easy to obtain by the public." The drama "The West Chamber" alone has such a rich and rare version, and it is not difficult to imagine how rich and exquisite Zheng Zhenduo's collection of songs is. No wonder some people say that "is the best of the lyrics and opera novels since the Song and Yuan dynasties, and their collections are the best of private operas in China" ("Rare Books of Operas in the National Beiping Library"), and "the secret book on novels and operas is the best of the most in China" ("Rare Books of Operas in the Collection of Xidi").
Zheng Zhenduo's "Summary of Quhai General Catalog" title
Zheng Zhenduo's Tibetan songs are based on 1939 and can be divided into two stages. The collection of operas in the previous stage can be reflected in the book "Additional Supplementary List of the Rare Operas Collection by Xi Di". This book is a collection of personal collections of Zheng Zhenduo, which is divided into 5 categories: zaju , legend, music selection, music score, and melody repertoire. It contains 366 operas and works, including 49 zaju zaju 259 zaju 259 zaju 259 zaju 259 zaju 259 zaju 255 sings, 19 sings, 12 sings, and 12 supplementary repertoire. This is just some of the fine works in his collection, not all of them, because "more than a thousand common publications are excluded and not recorded" (Zheng Zhenduo's "Book of Rare Operas Collections"). The collection of operas in the latter stage can be reflected in the book "Xi Di Bibliography", which was compiled by a friend after Zheng Zhenduo's death, and contains 667 kinds of Quxue books. Apart from repetition, Zheng Zhenduo's total number of opera documents collected in his life should be more than a thousand, which is undoubtedly second to none among modern Chinese book collectors.
Novel Collection
In Zheng Zhenduo's various collections, novels account for a considerable proportion. The number and scale of their number and scale are described in the words of his friend Zhao Wanli, which means that they have "become a relatively systematic collection" (Preface to Zhao Wanli's "Xi Di Bibliography"). The reason for this is that he has collected works that have a great influence or distinctive feature in the history of novels, and their collections cover almost the entire history of ancient Chinese novels. There are as many as 682 kinds of books recorded in the book "Xi Di Bibliography", including many rare and even isolated versions, such as the "Popular Romance of the Book of Tang" by Zhou's Dayetang of the Ming Dynasty, the "Biography of Qi Nantang's Arcana of Punishment of Japanese Pirates", the "Complete Book of Zhongyi Water Margin" by Yang Dingjian of the Qing Dynasty, and the manuscript of "A Brief Notes on Water Margin".
"Fiction Tradition in Chinese Classical Literature"
Collection of Rap Literature Literature
Zheng Zhenduo was engaged in research in this area early, set the trend first, and advocated and demonstrated, which had a great influence on other researchers, such as Zhao Jingshen, Wu Xiaoling, etc. They all embarked on the road of studying rap literature under the influence of Zheng Zhenduo. His collection of rap literature is difficult for other collectors to reach in terms of quantity and quality, which is the characteristic and essence of his collection. Some commentators call him "the first person who advocates the collection and study of customs" (Zhao Wanli's "Preface to the Bibliography of Xidi".
The book "Xi Di Bibliography" has sub-items such as songs, tanci, drum ci, treasure scrolls and other sub-items under the five volumes of volume. Among them, the song category includes 1 type of palace tune, 10 types of common songs, 289 types of Tanci and drum ci, and 91 types of treasure volume category. There are many rare treasures, such as the Ming Jiajing edition of "Dong Jieyuan's West Chamber", the Ming color picture book "Mulian saves his mother from the difficulty and gives birth to Tianbao Scroll", and the Ming Jiajing edition of "The Original Vow of Medicine Master" and so on. However, due to the influence of war and other factors, Zheng Zhenduo's collection of rap literature has been lost and transferred a lot. For example, during the Battle of January 28, his "all the tant ci, drum lyrics, treasure scrolls and small song books were lost."
Ming Dynasty banknote "Record Ghost Book" Zheng Zhenduo's postscript
"Maiwangguan Chronicle Ancient and Modern Zaju"
1937, the Japanese invading army successively occupied Shanghai and the southeastern provinces. The rare pictures and books collected by book collectors from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Shanghai were all lost to Shanghai books and were largely lost overseas.Zheng Zhenduo, who stayed in Shanghai at that time, was very worried about this and was determined to launch a rescue operation. He contacted the Commercial Press's Zhang Yuanji (for details, please refer to: Great Collector Issue 429: Zhang Yuanji, a collection story of legends in the Chinese publishing industry), Guanghua University President Zhang Shouyong , Jinan University President He Bingsong, Peking University Professor Zhang Fengju and others, and established the "Comrades of Document Preservation" in Shanghai, and applied for funding to rescue ancient books from the Ministry of Education of the Government, the Board of Directors of the Chinese-English Boxer Indemnity Management and other departments.
In less than two years, the document preservation association rescued a large number of precious ancient books with more than one million yuan allocated by the Ministry of Education. He bought more than 3,800 rare ancient books, including Yuhaitang, Qunbilou, Jiayetang ([Collection Everyone] The first person in the Republic of China's collection: "Silly Young Master" Liu Chenggan), Tieqin Tongjian Tower (see: The 400th issue of the Great Collector: Qu's Iron Qin Tongjian Tower, one of the four major library buildings in the late Qing Dynasty in China), and collected more than 3,800 rare ancient books, including more than 300 Song and Yuan dynasties. According to Jiang Fucong, former director of the Central Library, almost all the collections in the Central Library's rare book library were rescued from Shanghai during the "isolated island" period by the comrades. In this action, the most "dramatic" thing was the tortuous process of his acquisition of "Maiwangguan Chaos School-Book Ancient and Modern Zaju".
"Maiwangguan Chaochao School-Book Ancient and Modern Zaju"
Yuan Dynasty was the peak era of Chinese opera, with opera masters such as Guan Guan (Hanqing), Wang (Shifu), Ma (Zhiyuan), and Bai (Pu). However, due to the long age, the repertoire that has been passed down for many years was limited to 100 kinds of zajus selected by Zang Jinshu of the Ming Dynasty. Later, scholars such as Luo Zhenyu, , Wang Guowei, and , studied and inferred that the circulating Yuanza script should have another "sixty-four volumes". As early as the late 1920s, Zheng Zhenduo began to pay attention to this set of books, but he did not get the exact news of the "thirty-two volumes" until the Japanese army occupied Shanghai, but he was powerless to do anything about the asking price of 1,000 yuan. He first reported the news to Lu Jiye of the Ministry of Education of the Government, and borrowed money from his friends, Commercial Press and colleagues from Shanghai Jinan University. He rushed to pay the money the next day. The bookseller agreed to deliver the goods the next day and said that the other "thirty-two volumes" also have their whereabouts and can be purchased on their behalf, but they must pay another 2,000 yuan. Zheng Zhenduo was overjoyed and was busy going back to raise funds. I didn't want to be told that he had gone again the next afternoon, but he was told that someone had taken the two "thirty-two volumes" into one place first, but he refused to take action. Of course, Zheng Zhenduo refused to give up. Fortunately, news came from Lu Jiye that the Ministry of Education planned to buy it. Chen Lifu, who was also the Minister of Education at the time, also sent a telegram asking him to try his best to lower the price and promised that the Ministry of Education would bear the huge amount of money. Despite this, the Ministry of Education is urgently unable to reach funding, so Zheng Zhenduo asked the acting president of Jinan University Cheng Ruilin to raise enough funds. He also "cut" it out of it by Chen Naiqian of Kaiming Bookstore and finally purchased the book for 9,000 yuan.
The book, now in the National Library, was named "Maiwangguan Chaochao Chronicle Paintings" by Zheng Zhenduo. This book was copied by Zhao Qingchang during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. It was originally 66 volumes, but later lost two volumes. It was successively owned by at least nine books including Qian Qianyi, Qian Zeng, Huang Pilie (for details, please refer to: Great Collector Issue 349: Huang Pilie, the first person to collect books in 500 years), Wang Shizhong, Ding Zuyin, etc. The book includes 242 kinds of zajus in Yuan and Ming dynasties, more than half of which are uncirculated. Afterwards, Zheng Zhenduo said: "This gain is no less than the opening of the 'Cabinet Library', no less than the discovery of oracle bone inscriptions in Anyang , and no less than the discovery of the Thousand Buddha Cave manuscripts in Dunhuang."
Zheng Zhenduo and his granddaughter Sasheqi were at home in Huanghuamen. Photographed in 1956
pottery figurines collection
Zheng Zhenduo collected pottery figurines at the same time as the collection of books. Around 1921, while working in the Commercial Press, he accidentally discovered several exquisite pottery figurines and bought them after asking for a low price.Later, in order to edit the "Chinese History Reference Map", when viewing books about ancient artifacts, most of them contained ancient pottery figurines. I found that this was very useful for studying ancient cultural life, so I had the idea of collecting pottery figurines.
Zheng Zhenduo’s purchase of ancient books and the terracotta figurines that year were all based on his salary and royalties in college. Although cultural relics have become relatively cheap in troubled times, it is also quite expensive to collect these pottery figurines. For example, a Tang Sancai horse is 12 taels of gold, and Zheng Zhenduo pieced it together, but only 10 taels, and he owed another 2 taels. Fortunately, he was also a friend of the seller, so he took it back (when the donation was later, the state made up for the owed debt). There is also a camel from Tang Sancai, which is more than a dozen taels of gold. Zheng Zhenduo never had money to give it to the seller, but he agreed on the price and told the seller not to sell it to others. The goods were still placed with the seller, and he would collect the money one day before he could get it back. As a result, my family was even more embarrassed, relying on saving money and saving money.
Zheng Zhenduo once went to Suzhou and accidentally found a Chinese pottery figurine in a cultural relic shop. He was ecstatic and bought it with all his heart. Holding the pottery I bought, I walked on the street in a daze, and only then did I realize that I was in a foreign land and did not even leave the cost of my trip home. Later, I found an old friend from the local area and solved the travel expenses for the trip home. It is said that there have been many times like this.
"The 120th Anniversary of the Birth of Mr. Zheng Zhenduo" displayed the terracotta figurines donated by Zheng Zhenduo
In 1952, Zheng Zhenduo wrote a letter to Premier Zhou Enlai, expressing his willingness to donate all the treasured terracotta figurines purchased to the Forbidden City. In 1953, Zheng Zhenduo donated a batch of 502 cultural relics such as pottery figurines to . In 1957, he donated the sculptures and other cultural relics to the state. The Cultural Relics Bureau assigned them to the Palace Museum for collection. As for the donation process, of course, it is not complicated, there is no ritual or certificate. After all, Zheng Zhenduo is the director of the Cultural Relics Bureau and can't issue a certificate to himself, and he doesn't think it is necessary. The batch of pottery figurines he donated ranged from the Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, with more than ten of them being classified as first-class cultural relics.
In order to commemorate Mr. Zheng Zhenduo's contribution to protecting cultural heritage, the Palace Museum specially selected more than 120 of the more than 600 cultural relics he donated, and held the "Zheng Zhenduo's Special Exhibition of Pottery Frames Donated" in the Forbidden City Hall on the eve of May Day in 2004 to commemorate it.
The first director of the State Cultural Relics Bureau
During the War of Resistance Against Japan, many opera books collected by Zheng Zhenduo were lost in the war, and some were transferred to the Peking Library for the sake of "frequent wars and difficult preservation". He transferred 84 rare opera books to the library twice.
After Zheng Zhenduo died on duty, his wife, Ms. Gao Junzhen, upholding his will, donating all his books to the government. At that time, the Ministry of Culture designated Beijing Library to accept this collection based on the opinions of the family. Mr. Zheng donated as many as 17,224 ancient books and 94,441 volumes.
award certificate
Zheng Zhenduo is a real person. He himself thinks that cultural relics belong to the country and mobilizes some friends to donate. For example, mobilizing Zhang Daqian (see for details: [Everyone] Zhang Daqian: All the gold is spent to collect), and transfer a batch of national treasure-level cultural relics such as the famous five-generation land "Han Xizai Night Banquet" collected by him at a low price to the motherland.
Zheng Zhenduo attaches great importance to the return of precious cultural relics overseas and the collection of waste books on old papers, which led to the acquisition of the Song version of Chen Qinghua's Song version of ancient books and the return of 11 volumes of the "Yongle Encyclopedia" of the former Soviet Union. Among the Chen family's collection are rare rare items "Han Li Mr. Chang Li's collection " and "Han Dong's collection"; it also saves the precious ancient books from being robbed by paper merchants of "entering the pot to turn pulp", including the Song version of "Selected Wen", "Han Li Jin and Stone Record ", and the Ming Dynasty's "Biography of the Religion of the Kingdoms".
"Yongle Encyclopedia"
In the 1950s, he presided over the establishment of a cultural relics collection team and a Beihai Tuancheng cultural relics acquisition site, and successively nationalized many fine cultural relics. Among the world-famous "Three Xi" calligraphy, Wang Xianzhi's "Mid-Autumn Tie" and Wang Xun's "Boyuan Tie" were repurchased from Hong Kong for a large amount of HK$350,000 under the active promotion of Mr. Zheng Zhenduo.
When he was the director of the Cultural Relics Bureau, there was an unwritten rule in the bureau that staff themselves cannot collect cultural relics privately. You should know that most of the comrades in the Cultural Relics Bureau are experts in cultural relics. They originally loved cultural relics and antiques very much. When working in the Cultural Relics Bureau, they also have more opportunities to get in touch with antiques and treasures. However, in order to avoid suspicion, this rule was formed. In 1997, it was listed as one of the "Professional Ethics Codes for Chinese Cultural Relics and Museum Workers" issued by the State Administration of Cultural Relics.
In the spring of 1953, a comrade in the Cultural Relics Department of the Ministry of Culture and Director Zheng Zhenduo took a photo in Beihai Tuancheng. The front row is Yao Shouzhang, Luo Zhewen , Chen Mingda, Zhang Heng , Zheng Zhenduo, Xie Yuanlu, and Ding Yanzhen. The back row is Zang Huayun, Xu Bangda, Xie Chensheng , Zhang Jinming, Luo Fuyi , Zheng Yunhui, Fu Zhongmo, and Zhang Liangzhu.
The friendship between Zheng Zhenduo and Zhang Heng
Zheng Zhenduo and Zhang Heng ( Zhang Congyu , please refer to: Big Collector Issue 364: Zhang Congyu, half-paid collection half-paid casino) began in the 1930s. After the changes of the 60s of times, the two families and four generations have continued to this day, which is touching!
Mr. Zheng valued Zhang Heng's expertise in cultural relics, calligraphy and painting, and regarded him as a rare talent. Any important picture should be decided before Zhang Heng can read it. Out of trust in Zhang Heng's personality, Mr. Zheng did not deliberately conceal his true identity. When the funds were short, Zhang Heng also asked for help many times. Zhang Heng never inquired and investigated, but just donated generously, and did not pay back the money. He only recorded in his diary on December 24, 1941 that " Jinhua was to borrow 3,000 yuan for Zheng Zhenduo." Because a scoop of rice was only 10 yuan at that time, the sixth family, including the servant, ate fish and meat every day, and the daily cost of vegetables was only 2 yuan, and 3,000 yuan was a huge sum.
At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, in order to assist Mr. Zheng in rescuing rare ancient books in the occupied areas, Zhang Heng resold his own batch of rare Song and Yuan 261 kinds of Song and Yuan 1611 volumes, and more than 200 almanacs of the Ming and Qing dynasties to the Central Library. And coordinated from it and mobilized his uncle (blogger Zhang Qinbo) to resell thousands of "Qinpu Rare Books Collection" to the Central Library. In 1947, Mr. Zheng copied the 70 famous paintings from the Tang and Song dynasties collected by Zhang Heng into a book and wrote a preface for them. This is the famous "Yunhuizhai Collection of Famous Paintings since the Tang and Song dynasties", and there is also "Collection of Famous Chinese Paintings Collection from Outside the Region".
In November 1949, the Ministry of Culture was established in Beijing with a Cultural Relics Bureau under which Zheng Zhenduo became the director. He immediately invited Zhang Heng to work at the Cultural Relics Bureau, and went to the station to greet him in person, and arranged for him to live in his place. Later, Mrs. Zheng, Mrs. Zhang and Mrs. Xu Bangda became old friends on the mahjong table, and they spent dozens of spring and autumn at the poker table together.
Zheng Zhenduo's book collection seal "Changle Zheng Zhenduo's Xidi collection"
Commemorative activity
December 19, "Gao Wen has a Classic and Beautiful Journeys are Like Gui - The 120th Anniversary of the Birth of Zheng Zhenduo" was officially launched in the National Museum of Classics. The National Library exhibited more than 70 exhibits including Mr. Zheng Zhenduo's manuscripts, book seals, rare ancient books collected, "martyrs" certificates awarded by the Party and the state, and "commendation certificates" that the former Ministry of Culture praised his contribution to his books, so as to allow the audience to approach this cultural master and feel his life of loving, protecting and offering books.
"Great articles have classics, beautiful things are like guinea--Commemorative Exhibition of the 120th Anniversary of Zheng Zhenduo's Birth"
A corner of the exhibition hall
On the same day, the Palace Museum also held a seminar to commemorate Mr. Zheng Zhenduo.
