Analysis of new Russian naval forces - 22160 ocean-going patrol ship "Vasily Bekov"
Author: Wang Xiaomeng
At the annual Navy Day in St. Petersburg, Russia, there is a very unique Russian stealth ship, which is the new Russian naval force - 22160 ocean-going patrol ship "Vasily Bekov". Interestingly, this ship is not a ship belonging to the Northern Fleet, but has traveled all the way from the distant Black Sea , proving that this is not a warship that can only circulate near the sea, but a veritable ocean patrol ship.
1. The Black Sea Fleet 22160 ocean patrol ship "Vasily Bekov" participating in the Russian Navy Day event.
The warships of the Gorky Shipyard
The birthplace of the "Vasily Bekov" is Zelenodolsk-Gorky Shipyard, one of the famous shipbuilding bases of the Black Sea Fleet. In 2014, the Gorky Shipyard in Zelyonodolisk, the Republic of Tatarstan, located in the inland hinterland of the Russian Federation, started construction of the first ship of the 22160 patrol ship, and the subsequent similar ships were also built in this shipyard.
2, the 22160 ocean cruiser built in the Zelyonodolisk-Gorky shipyard.
It should be distinguished that the Red Solmowo Shipyard located in Gorky on the Volga River is sometimes called the Gorky Shipyard, and the shipyard that is officially named after Gorky is actually the shipyard in Zelenodolsk City. The Gorky Shipyard was an important small and medium-sized ship construction base in the Soviet era. Its earliest history can be traced back to a local ship repair yard established in 1895. During World War II, with the withdrawal of the Soviet Red Army in the west, many shipbuilding equipment were transported to the place, and the shipyard began to produce submarines for the Soviet Navy .
3. Zelyonodolisk-Gorky Shipyard has been a construction base for small and medium-sized ships and inland passenger ships since the Soviet era.
After the war, Gorky Shipyard and Zelyonodolisk Ship Design Bureau worked closely together to build submarine hunting and small frigate , such as the famous 201 submarine hunting (NATO calls it the Karanstad class). The imitation of this boat made the Chinese Navy's Type 037 submarine hunting. In addition, the 204 small anti-submarine ship (NATO calls it the Porti class), the 1124 small anti-submarine ship (NATO calls it the Grissa class), the 1159 light frigate (NATO calls it the Koenig class), etc. are also the products of the cooperation between Gorky Shipyard and the Zelyondolisk Ship Design Bureau.
4. Zelyonodolisk-Gorky Shipyard has built a large number of submarine hunting and patrol boats.
In the 1980s, the Soviet Navy began to design a light frigate of 1500 to 2000 tons to replace the current Koenigan-class frigate, Patchim-class and Grisha-class small frigate. The new ship project is code-named "11660", and was later named "cheetah". This task was still handed over to the Zelenodolsk shipyard, which has rich experience in building small and medium-sized ships, but the design bureau became the Diamond Central Naval Design Bureau in Leningrad. The preparations for the first ship of
"The Eagle" were launched in 1988 (factory number No. 901), and construction was officially started in May 1990. The construction work was not completed after the collapse of the Soviet Union. It was not launched until July 1993 and was almost completed in 1995. However, due to shortage of funds, the ship's subsequent installation work was intermittent. On October 3, 1996, the "Child Eagle" was renamed " Tatarstan " (factory number No. 951), and the plan code was also changed to "11661". The ship was originally planned to join the Baltic Fleet in June 2001, but it was not re-launched until July 2002 and was re-allocated to the Caspian Fleet in the vicinity. On August 31, 2003, the "Tatarstan" finally joined the Caspian fleet and served as the fleet flagship.
5, the two flagships of the Caspian Fleet, the former 11661 type "Tatarstan" on the left, and the current 11661K "Dagistan" on the right.
The frigate "Tatarstan" attracted the attention of the Vietnamese Navy after its completion and ordered 4 improved 11661E "Cheatah 3.9" class frigate to become its main ship.While building the 11661E ship for the Vietnamese Navy, the sister ship of the "Tatarstan" frigate, Albatross, has been soaked in the water since it was launched in 1994. Vietnamese funds rescued the ship.
Based on the improvement experience of the 11661E frigate, the ship has made many major improvements in combination with the latest technological development achievements of the Russian Navy. The plan code name was changed to "11661K" and the ship name was changed to "Dagestan" (hunch number 693). The "Dagestan" was launched on April 1, 2011, joined the Caspian Fleet on November 28, 2012, and replaced the "Tartarstan" as the fleet flagship. Another similar ship, Storm Haiyan, has not been completed yet.
6. In the early days of the outbreak of the Syrian War, four ships of the Russian Navy's Caspian Fleet launched 26 cruise missiles at terrorist organizations targets in Syria.
The biggest improvement of the "Dagestan" is to cancel the 3M24DU anti-ship missile that is tilted forward, and the ship-borne 8-connected 3P-14UKSK missile vertical launch system (export model is 3S-14E), which can be mixed and loaded with the "Cabove-NK" series anti-ship, anti-submarine, and land-attack missiles. This missile is a Russian self-use model of the extremely popular "Club" missile in the export market.
In the closed Caspian , the "caliber" missile has more than enough firepower. Its anti-ship model with a range of 375 kilometers can fully cover the Caspian sea area with an average width of only 320 kilometers. The maritime power along the Caspian coast does not have advanced submarines, and the anti-submarine model is basically useless. In Russia's attack on Syria's extremist armed forces, the Dagestan launched a land-attack cruise missile with a range of 2,600 kilometers, which shows the convenience of a multi-purpose multi-purpose vertical launch system to modern maritime operations.
In addition, the Zelyonodolisk Design Bureau and Zelyonodolisk-Gorky Shipyard partner have also developed and produced the thug M-class small missile ship, and launched the "Care-NK" cruise missile in the battle against extremist Syrian forces.
7, 21631 "Thug-M" class small missile boat, you can see the missile vertical launch system on the top of the superstructure.
Black Sea Guardian
Entering the new century, Russia is keenly aware of the unstable situation in the Black Sea region. In 2008, Russia and Georgia broke out in a short-term but fierce armed conflict over the South Ossetia issue. In this conflict, Russian Black Sea Fleet participated in the battle for the first time and played an important role.
Although the Russian-Germany maritime conflict ended with the victory of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, it also exposed the dilemma of the aging of the Black Sea Fleet's ships and stretching their combat effectiveness. When Russia and Ukraine clashed over the Crimea issue in 2014, the Black Sea Fleet could only block the Ukrainian Navy's naval waterway by sinking the retired Kara-class cruiser. These conflicts that broke out along the Black Sea coast have made Russia attach great importance to the construction of the Black Sea Fleet. In recent years, many new missile frigates, small missile ships, conventional submarines, etc. have been built successively in the Black Sea Fleet to ensure that it maintains a strong maritime presence in this disputed sea area.
8. The Russian Black Sea Fleet "Phantom" missile boat, which has made military achievements in the Russian-Germany maritime conflict, is washing the missile launcher.
In addition to the main battleships, the coastal patrol ships of the Black Sea Fleet are also seriously aging. Old ships like the Grissa class are almost useless, so they can only dispatch missile frigates and large missile boats to perform daily patrol tasks and track Western ships, which has caused a lot of mechanical losses to the already small main ships. Under this circumstance, Russia decided to add several new generation patrol ships with moderate tonnage, good navigation capabilities, and certain armed forces to the Black Sea Fleet. This is the 22160 patrol ship.
This time, the Diamond Central Naval Design Bureau and the Zelyondolisk Design Bureau, which have experienced light ship design, were not taken over by the Northern Design Bureau in St. Petersburg. The design bureau is known for designing large surface ships. Its design of a patrol ship shows the Russian Navy's emphasis on this type of warship.
9. The 22160 patrol ship model announced by the Northern Design Bureau, pay attention to the container cruise missile launch device with a vertical tail. The
22160 patrol ship project initially built a total of 6 ships, all equipped with the Black Sea Fleet. Later, it was reported that this number may increase to 12 ships in the future. While prioritizing the equipment of the Black Sea Fleet, the other three fleets are taken into account to protect territorial waters and border patrols, and to conduct long-term patrols in the 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone to combat smuggling and pirates, and search and rescue personnel in distress at sea.
In addition, for combat nations, there is a good surface ship platform that is not used to fight is a waste. Therefore, the 22160 patrol ship has adopted a modular concept since its design, and can install different weapons and equipment according to mission requirements. Once wartime, missile weapons can be further strengthened as light frigates to protect naval bases and their own maritime traffic lines, and provide escorts for the transport fleet, and even directly attack enemy surface ships.
10 and 22160 patrol boats have a displacement of 1,700 tons, but under the lens of Russian photographers, they are like a 10,000 tons of large drive.
At the St. Petersburg International Maritime Defense Exhibition in 2013, the Northern Design Bureau exhibited the 22160 patrol ship model for the first time, and released the design renderings in 2014. In February of the same year, the first ship laid a keel at the Zelenodolsk-Gorky Shipyard. The reason why I chose this inland shipyard is, on the one hand, because it has rich experience in building medium and light surface ships, and on the other hand, the built warships can directly enter the Black Sea waters along the waterway, without having to go around half of the earth to the Black Sea after the construction in the north. This is actually a last resort for Russia to lose the Ukrainian coastal shipbuilding base after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Small warship great-looking
22160 patrol ship displacement is about 1,700 tons, the ship length is 94 meters, the width is 14 meters, the draft is 3.4 meters, the main power unit is 2 Kolomna 16D49 diesel engines, and there are 4 300 kW diesel generators each and 1 100 kW diesel generator, with a full speed of 30 knots, 80 crew members, a self-sustaining force of 60 days, and a range of 6,000 nautical miles (16 knots). The displacement of the
22160 ship is not large, it is a little larger than our army's 056 light missile frigate, but it adopts a lot of novel things, and the modular design makes the ship have excellent combat effectiveness. The ship adopts a stealth design in appearance. There are basically no exposed equipment except for the superstructure, mast and main gun. The above equipment has also undergone stealth renovation, so the radar reflection area of the ship is much smaller than that of the same level of warships.
11 and 22160 patrol ships used a new A-220M 57mm naval gun.
The main gun of this ship uses a new A-220M type 57mm naval gun. As the name suggests, the A-220M is an improved version of the A-220 naval gun. To put it bluntly, it is the "knife-cut potato" version. Russia's 57mm naval gun has a long history. Soviet designer Grabin developed the Soviet 57mm high-level dual-purpose gun based on the German Flak Gerät 58 type 55mm/77 caliber anti-aircraft gun prototype seized at the end of World War II. Interestingly, the original intention of the Flak Gerät 58 anti-aircraft gun was developed, and it was also a general anti-aircraft gun jointly developed for the German Army and Navy. The Navy mainly used it for the "1942 Type C (1944 Type)" destroyer project (ship number Z52-Z56, some information is called Z52-Z58). This is an air defense destroyer. The main weapons are three dual-mounted 128mm C41M high-level dual-purpose guns and the newly developed single-barrel 55mm and 30mm anti-aircraft guns.
Of course, this plan ended up dead, just like many German weapons development programs at the end of the war, and the two Flak Gerät 58 anti-aircraft guns produced also fell into the hands of the Soviets. The Soviet Union finally designed and manufactured a new 57mm anti-aircraft gun at the end of 1946 and passed the on-site test. In January 1950, the gun was finalized and produced and equipped with the Soviet Red Army, which is the famous S-60 anti-aircraft gun.In addition to equipping the army, the Soviet Union also developed several models of ship-borne ZIF-71 single-barrel 57mm naval gun, ZIF-31 (B) double-barrel 57mm naval gun, SM-24-ZIF double-barrel 57mm naval gun (for submarines), ZIF-75 four-barrel 57mm naval gun and other models.
12. This is the first generation of ZIF-75 four-barrel 57mm naval gun, full of the violent aesthetics of the Red Empire.
These were the first generation of 57mm naval guns in the Soviet Union. By the end of the 1950s, Soviet designer Qiu Lin began to develop a new fully automatic AK-725 57mm naval gun. The main design indicator was that the turret was unmanned and could be installed on small ships. Compared with old 57mm naval guns such as the ZIF-75, the AK-725 can supply ammunition in a chain and cool the barrels continuously through an external water-cooling system. The two barrels each have a 550 round ammunition box, because the arrangement of the gun does not require penetration of the deck, which is very critical for small ships. The improved version of
AK-725 is the A-220 57mm naval gun, which is a single-barrel 57mm naval gun that adopts the design concept of AK-176 single-barrel 76mm naval gun. The gun was loaded on a 205PE test gunboat, which was originally intended to test the AK-630 near-defense gun and was delivered to the Black Sea Fleet for use on January 7, 1969.
13, AK-725 is the second generation of Soviet 57mm naval gun. It uses a fully enclosed and fully automatic turret and can be installed without penetrating the deck. The mother boat of the
205PE boat is a 205P "side plate" class border guard boat with territorial water patrol and water alert as its main tasks, but it has a superstructure that is only available in a large torpedo boat of the 206M "Turia River" class. Therefore, NATO listed it separately as the "Gadfly" class, and on this basis, the 206MR missile boat was developed, which is the model of the "Tbilisi" missile boat of the Georgian Navy above. Although the
A-220 gun was fully tested on the 205PE test boat, it was ultimately unable to equip the Soviet Red Navy because the non-trigger fuse 57mm ammunition air defense effect was average, and the shooting of low-altitude fast anti-ship missiles was not as effective as the 76mm naval gun.
14, A-220 type 57mm naval gun installed on the 205PE test boat. This gun is a single-barrel 57mm automatic gun, but it was not equipped in the Soviet army.
00 On April 14, 1987, during a live ammunition exercise for Pacific Fleet , an RM-15M anti-ship missile target with residual fuel accidentally hit the small missile ship "Monsoon" (1234 Nanuchika Class I large missile boat). The short-range air defense missiles on the ship were unable to react. In addition, the early models did not have close-range guns such as AK630, and only the gunners of the AK-725 naval guns fired violently at the target gun. However, in the end, due to the limited air defense capabilities of the gun, the missile target missile hit the unlucky small missile ship and sank in the south of Askold. 39 people on the ship died and 37 were rescued.
15, the sunken small missile ship "Monsoon".
As the US Navy introduced the Bofos MK3 57mm naval gun, the new code of the MK-110 was given to the Littoral Combat Ship. Russia also revived the A-220 naval gun project and successfully upgraded it to the A-220M using modern technology, allowing it to be installed on a small 250-ton warship.
This gun uses a stealth turret, weighs 6 tons, has a fire rate of 300 rounds per minute, a maximum range of 12 kilometers, a fire height of 8,000 meters, a pitch angle of -10°~+85°, and has 400 rounds of ammunition. It is mainly a 53-UOR-281U type high-explosive bomb, which can operate stably at temperatures of minus 40° to 50°, basically covering various extreme temperatures that Russian naval ships may encounter. The reason why the 22160 patrol ship chose the A-220M naval gun was mainly its moderate power and small tonnage. After all, as a patrol ship, it does not rely on this main gun to defend air or anti-ship.
16, A-220M naval gun installed on the 22160 patrol ship, please be careful to be invisible compared with the Soviet era test models. The
22160 patrol ship is currently only equipped with an 8-connected 3М47 "bending" short-range air defense missile system, equipped with 8 9М39 "needle" missiles. It is a navy type of shoulder-mounted missile with only 6 kilometers of defense range.
17 and 3M47 short-range air defense missile systems can carry 8 air defense missiles, and the cantilever in the picture is empty.
However, in the empty B gun position of the ship, two sets of 6-connected 3S90E cold-fired missile vertical launch devices can be added through modular design to launch 9M317M (Buk-M2) air defense missiles, which are the familiar SA-N-7/12 air defense missiles. They are the main regional air defense missiles of modern-class missile destroyers, but the old single-arm launch system has been replaced with a more convenient vertical launch system. The
9M317 missile is produced by the innovator machinery manufacturing consortium under the Russian Almaz Antai Design Bureau. The control wing surface in the middle of the missile body is moved backward, with a range of 45 kilometers, and has 20 kilometers of anti-cruising missile and anti-ballistic missile capabilities. The 9M317M launched in 2005 abandoned the single-arm tilt launch and the runner vertical launch mode, and changed to a modular vertical cold launch method. The improved fuel makes the missile's maximum speed reach 1,550 meters per second. However, the first ship "Vasily Bekov" currently does not have this missile system, and the corresponding fire control radar is not installed.
18. In the future, the 3S90E cold-fired missile vertical launch device will be installed in the B gun position to launch regional air defense missiles.
There is a large helicopter deck at the rear of the ship, and a telescopic hangar ahead. In addition to being able to carry the Ka-27PS rescue helicopter, you can also choose to carry two unmanned helicopters. The current possibility of boarding is the coaxial BPV-500 unmanned helicopter. The maximum take-off mass of the aircraft is 500 kg, the body length is less than 5 meters, and the payload can reach 150 kg.
This unmanned helicopter can stay in the air for up to 5 and a half hours and fly 320 kilometers away from the patrol ship. The design of the coaxial rotor can provide better hover accuracy for the drone, as this rotor layout is not as sensitive to gusts. If you use a drone, you need to install the container control unit in the dock under the helicopter deck.
19 and 22160 patrol ships can carry a Ka-27PL helicopter. Below the helicopter deck of the
22160 patrol ship is a multi-function dock design. This design is currently widely used in ships such as the 23550 Icebreaker Patrol ship, the 22386 light missile frigate, and other ships. This is a rectangular multi-purpose modular mission compartment with a rail-type crane on the top of the compartment for moving and installing each mission module.
This cabin is divided into three parts, each part is separated by an independent watertight door to ensure the watertightness of other cabins when some "wet cabins" are operated. This is also an experience in the "free" level design of the United States. Since the helicopter deck can be rolled up to both sides, this multi-function mission cabin can be placed in two sets of containerized 4-connected "caliber-NK" cruise missiles, or the export version of the "Club-K" container vertical launch system, which can be mixed to load and launch subsonic 3M-54E1 anti-ship missiles, 3M-14E land cruise missiles and 91RE2 anti-submarine missiles. They are operated by the charge compartment in the central compartment, greatly expanding the use range of this patrol ship.
20. The dock under the helicopter hangar can be equipped with two standard containers, which can be turned into a medical cabin or used as a cruise missile launch unit.
The reason why this multi-function mission cabin is called a dock cabin is because it can indeed carry a 10-ton 02800 high-speed assault boat here. The boat is suitable for marine special operations and amphibious infiltration operations, and can also provide fire support to the Marine Corps or perform patrol, boarding inspection and other tasks.
The boat has shallow draft, armored shell, and a speed of up to 75 kilometers per hour. It has good maneuverability and can operate on the high seas or sail near the coast. The boat is 10 meters long and 3.6 meters wide, and can accommodate 12 fully armed Marines. In addition, there are two hard rubber boats on both sides of the 22160 ship's door that can be used for service operations.
21. A 10-ton 02800 high-speed assault boat can be carried in the dock, and the hull is armored and has good defense capabilities.The main radar of the
22160 patrol ship is the same 5P-26 "Online M1" X-band 3D single-sided active phased array radar as the 21631 missile ship. It is installed in the circular radar cover at the top of the bridge. It is mainly used for sea and low-altitude searches. It can detect periscopes and fallen water. It has a maximum detection distance of 80 kilometers and aerial targets with a height of 1,000 meters with a height of more than 1 square meter. In addition, there is also room for installation of S-band solid-state phased array radar in the structure on the top of the enclosed mast to improve space detection capabilities in the future.
In addition, the ship also has a set of MR-123 fire control radar for controlling the main gun, a set of Pal-N ship-based navigation radar, and a set of TK-25E electronic countermeasures (ECM) system. The TK-25E carrier-based electronic countermeasure system is designed to intercept radar waves from airborne and ship-based target capture radar, weapon control radar and anti-ship missile radar seekers, conduct automatic signal classification, determine the maximum threat to attack ships, and implement interference in the threat direction. In terms of water sound confrontation, the stern of the ship is equipped with a set of "Reef-M" low-frequency passive drag array sonar, which is combined with the "Mallhead" mid-frequency active sonar at the head of the ship, and has good submersible search and mine resistance capabilities.
22, 22160 patrol ship bridge and combat command center.
Conclusion
22160 patrol ship's first ship "Vasily Bekov" was enlisted in the Black Sea Fleet in December 2018. The first batch of six 22160 patrol ships are expected to be completed in 2020 and will be successively equipped with the Black Sea Fleet. In addition, as the 22160 patrol ship participated in the maritime defense exhibitions many times, it finally ushered in inquiries from foreign customers. In April 2018, Algeria expressed its interest in purchasing four firepower-enhanced 22160 ships, and will equip missile weapons including cruise missiles and air defense missiles, becoming a serious missile frigate.
At present, the Russian Black Sea Fleet has ushered in a wave of concentrated replacement period. By then, six conventional submarines of Type 06363, six small missile ships of Type 21631, three 11356 missile frigates, and six 22160 patrol ships will be the main force of the Black Sea Fleet's major blood replacement. In the near future, the Russian Navy will rebuild a relatively complete coastal surface ship patrol and prevention network along the Black Sea coast. These light ships that inherit the souls of the "I Forgetful" frigate and the SKR-6 warning ship will, under the heavy pressure of Western ships repeatedly invading the territory, will definitely send a fierce signal like the ancestors of the Red Navy, "our ship is ordered to hit your ship" and stubbornly defend Russia's dignity!
23, 22160 patrol ship crew compartment.
24, 22160 patrol ship engine compartment.
