Dong'an famous scene Blood sacrifices the blood god, skull offering skull
Japan is a magical nation, the opening ceremony of Dong'an was completed, I thought I would invite Lin Zhengying to . Jingri and the public intellectuals will definitely put respect on the public screen, but a normal person can't see how beautiful the opening ceremony is. Different cultures can be respected, but not in the underworld. Similar to the opening ceremony, Japanese people who live a good life still have many tricks, such as Oligo, which can only be eaten by high-ranking Japanese people, while the more open and more oriented towards the general public is to drink wine brewed with sips of water.
1. Chinese wine culture
China's wine culture is profound and profound, and can be called the ancestor of Japanese wine. Without Chinese wine, there would be no Japanese wine. With the development of the times, Japanese wine has claimed to be a genre and gradually separated from the Chinese system.
Currently, there are generally three statements about the beginning of Chinese winemaking. First, in the Neolithic Age, people found that monkeys picked fruits and piled up the fruits. Slowly, the fruit piles naturally fermented to form fruit wine with a unique fragrance. This is the theory that monkeys make wine. The second is that Yidi makes wine. " Lushi Chunqiu " and " Warring States Policy " both say that Yidi was a man from the Dayu period, and he invented grain wine. The third is that Du Kang makes wine, which is the most well-known story. Du Kang, a minister of Dayu, invented sorghum wine, and Du Kang was later called wine saint and wine ancestor. Regardless of the story, it can be confirmed that wine was invented at least before Shang Dynasty . One of the major reasons for the demise of the Shang Dynasty is that drinking can harm the country. So from the perspective of drinking and brewing alone, China is several streets ahead of the three Japanese islands of the same period. The three Japanese islands of this period were still Stone Age , and the Japanese were still holding stone sticks.
Japanese savage
2. Japanese winemaking technology
Currently, there are four sources of Japanese wine technology:
first, Yangtze River origin theory. Since the Chinese used rice to make wine, from the 3rd century BC to the 3rd century AD, Japan entered the Yayoi civilization era, and rice from the Yangtze River Basin in China was transmitted to Japan, so it is very likely that the brewing process was also introduced to Japan at this time.
Second, North Korea said. The earliest record of Japan-DPRK exchanges can be seen in "The Three Kingdoms·Wei Zhi·Biography of the Japanese", at that time, the Japanese would take a boat to North Korea to do business. During the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Han established four counties in Korea, and during the Cao Wei period, Sima Yi and the four counties were rebuilt, and Han culture was able to enter the Korean Peninsula on a large scale. The civilization of the Sanhan Savage, who had not been able to transform into a long time, was improved, and China's winemaking technology was spread at this time. Therefore, Japan can use North Korea to indirectly absorb Chinese culture. The "Biographies of the Japanese" does record the Japanese drinking, which shows that they can drink wine in Japan at least around the 3rd century AD.
Today's imitation of Yayoi era house
third, local saying. This view is mainly based on the absurd story book " Ancient Story " written in the 8th century AD. It believes that wine was given by the great god Tianzhao, and it comes from heaven and was invented by Japan itself.
Fourth, archaeological excavation evidence. The Japanese discovered Chinese-style wine pits in the remains of the Jomon era in 1000 BC, so Japanese scholars suggested that the Japanese had learned brewing from China as early as a thousand years ago.
The most widely said at present is that from 1000 BC to the 3rd century AD, during this long span, Japan learned winemaking from China and North Korea. By , the Nara era , the Japanese palace had set up a special brewing department - the Brewing Department. These brewers were not good at learning skills, which caused the Chinese wine to taste, and the Japanese sake was initially formed. Until Japan's so-called Warring States Period, sake became popular and its output was increased. In 1911, before Meiji Mutsuhito died, Japan held its first national wine tasting party, and Japan's independent wine culture took shape.
Nara's Uowang Palace
3. "Sacred" chewing wine
The so-called chewing wine is to use saliva amylase in saliva as a fermentation catalyst. Before making wine, put the brewing ingredients in your mouth and chew them repeatedly, then spit them into the jar for fermentation.This is an ancient method of brewing wine originated in China. According to legend, this comes from the mother chewing food with her mouth and feeding it to the baby. Because the baby's digestive system is not well developed, the mother adopts this method. The oldest record of chewing wine at present is "The Three Kingdoms, Book of Wei, Biography of Wuji". Wuji is a tribal name. It lives in the north of Goguryeo . It was called Sushen in the pre-Qin period, was called 文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文� "The Book of Wuji" says that the locals "chew rice and brew wine, and drink it to the point of being drunk."
chew wine
Ming Dynasty Chen Jiru said that in Taiwan, there is also "wine making, water is used to stain rice, and after sleep, women rub their hands and chew them to get juice, which is called Mickey." This means that first soak the raw rice in water, and after soaking for a night, let women rub these rice grains with hand and mouth, force out the juice from the rice, and then ferment. The "Yilin Huikao" of the Qing Dynasty also records chewing wine, saying that "Galleon killed rice because of killing rice, and women chewed rice because of Ryukyu (Chinese Taiwan Island ).
To sum up, no matter what era or region, there is indeed a chewing wine in China, but this wine is not what the Chinese people drink. This wine is different from the traditional brewing of the Han people. It is difficult for the Han people to accept the brewing process, so this wine is only popular in remote ethnic minority areas. Therefore, although China is the source of chewing wine, chewing wine has been promoted by Japan through animation promotion.
chewing wine
4. Japanese chewing wine
Japanese chewing wine may have two ways of introducing it, one is the Northern Transmission and the other is the Southern Transmission. The custom of Beji was introduced to Kitakyushu, Japan through North Korea, and then spread throughout Japan. The Southern Transmission was passed on to the Southern Kyushu through Ryukyu, and then spread across Japan. In principle, chewing wine is OK as long as it is saliva, because the element that promotes fermentation is saliva amylase; but in actual production, it is always chewed by women, not men; in Japan, women alone are not good, they have to be virgin witches. In the Japanese Shinto culture, witch is a medium for communicating with heaven and man, and virgin witch is sacred and impure. The famous Japanese comic "Your Name" shows a scene where a witch makes a chewing wine. In fact, this is very consistent with Japanese customs.
chew wine
Historically, the Japanese were good at witchcraft, which is very similar to the Shang Dynasty people. To put it more, many of the customs of the Japanese are very similar to those of the merchants. In addition, after the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, more than 100,000 merchants disappeared out of thin air. Therefore, there has always been an unverifiable speculation in the historical community, that is, the Japanese are actually descendants of merchants. In this regard, the Japanese thinker Ogiso-Lei also advocated the "Japanese Yin origin" in the period of Tokugawa , but his purpose was to prove that Japan is more civilized and Chinese than China, because China has learned the Zhou civilization in all dynasties, and Japan is the descendant of the Shang civilization in , so Japan's history is higher than China, Japan is more Chinese than China, and Japan is China. The most famous witch is Mimihu in the late 2nd and early 3rd centuries AD. She "works in ghosts and can confuse the public." With this, she became the queen of Japan. Cao Wei also rewarded her with the seal of "King of Wei's King".
Pro-Wei Wang
In addition, because Japan developed slowly in ancient times and was in a female clan society for a long time, the status of women was still very high. Even in the late Heian period of the 12th century AD, the marriage system of the three islands of Japanese slaves was still popular, and the men's children were habitually stored in the woman's home. Under the comprehensive factors, it is very consistent with Japanese habits to use virgin witches to make wine.
chewing wine
Wenshijun said
Of course, the chewing wine we are talking about is an ancient method, and the ancient flavor of drinking is. Today, Japanese people who live a good life are paying attention to hygiene and have no magical concept. Therefore, as long as a woman in Japan is clean, she can make chewy wine after cleaning her mouth. The cost is far lower than that of high-end Japanese people.The production of Chinese chewing wine was in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Due to the great fusion of China and the barbarians, Wuji, especially the Jurchens after that, entered the Central Plains. Their ancestral chewing wine production was too low, and it was not as satisfying as the Han roasted knives . In the end, China's chewing wine gradually declined.
References
Sakaguchi Kiichiro: "Japanese Wine" Sichuan People's Publishing House, 2013.
Lin Kaifu: "A Brief Talk on Japanese Wine Culture", "Legal System and Society" Issue 04, 2008.
Yang Ronghua: "The History of Japanese Sake", Journal of Zhejiang Business University, 2005 Issue 02.
(Author: Haoran Literature and History·Ziju)
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