Notice on Issuing the Guidelines for Preventing and Cooling for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Epidemic Prevention and Control Personnel
Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism [2022] No. 59
Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism for All Provinces, Autonomous Regions, Municipalities and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps to Respond to the New Coronavirus Pneumonia Epidemic (Leading Group, Command Headquarters):
At present, all parts of the country have entered the high-temperature and scorching summer season. In order to protect the occupational health rights and interests of new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic prevention and control personnel and prevent the occurrence of high-temperature and heatstroke incidents, in accordance with relevant national regulations and relevant standards, we have organized the formulation of the "Guidelines for Preventing and Cooling for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Epidemic Prevention and Control Personnel". It is now printed and distributed to you, please refer to it.
The State Council’s Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism for the Epidemic
(Secretary)
May 30, 2022
(Information Disclosure Form: Active Disclosure)
New Coronavirus Pneumonia Epidemic Prevention and Control Personnel
Heat Prevention and Cooling Work Guide
At present, all parts of the country have entered the high-temperature and scorching season. In order to do a good job in preventing and cooling labor protection for preventing and cooling of new coronavirus pneumonia Epidemic, effectively protect the occupational health rights and interests of workers, prevent high-temperature heatstroke incidents, and ensure normalized epidemic prevention and control work, this guide is formulated in accordance with relevant national regulations and relevant standards.
1. High temperature hazards and clinical manifestations
(I) High temperature hazards.
High temperature hazards mainly refer to the harm of high temperature to human health during high temperature operations or high temperature weather operations.
High temperature operation refers to operations where the average wet ball black ball temperature (WBGT) index at the workplace exceeds the specified occupational contact limit during the production process (see attachment for limit requirements).
High temperature weather operation refers to the operations arranged by the employer to arrange workers to perform in high temperature natural meteorological environment during high temperature weather. High temperature weather refers to weather with a daily maximum temperature above 35℃ issued to the public by meteorological stations at or above the meteorological authorities at or above the municipal level.
When working at high temperature or in high temperature weather, the human body may experience a series of changes in physiological functions, such as temperature regulation, water and salt metabolism, digestion, nerves, urinary and circulation systems, and when these changes exceed a certain limit, they will have adverse effects and even cause lesions in the body. In severe cases, it may cause heat stroke and even life-threatening.
With the arrival of the high temperature season, many epidemic prevention and control activities, such as epidemiological investigation of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, environmental and place disinfection, nucleic acid sampling, personnel control, transfer of patients and close contacts, and dirt treatment, etc., need to be carried out in a high temperature environment or high temperature weather. Based on the needs of individual protection of disease-induced viruses, epidemic prevention and control personnel must wear various protective products in their professional activities, which is not conducive to their own heat dissipation and body temperature regulation; during high-intensity and long-term work such as treatment of new coronavirus pneumonia patients and epidemic treatment, sweating a lot and inability to replenish water in time lead to dehydration, electrolyte disorders, etc. These conditions are prone to heatstroke.
(Bi) Clinical manifestations.
According to the diagnostic criteria for occupational heatstroke, the consequences caused by high temperature hazards are mainly manifested in clinical manifestations such as precursors of heatstroke, heat stroke (heat spasm, heat exhaustion and heat stroke).
1. A sign of heat stroke. After working in a high-temperature working environment for a certain period of time, symptoms such as dizziness, headache, fatigue, thirst, sweating, palpitations, inattention, and incoordinated movements appear. The body temperature is normal or slightly higher but lower than 38.0℃, which may be accompanied by flushing complexion and burning skin. The symptoms will disappear after a short rest.
2. Heat spasm. In high-temperature operating environments, short-term and intermittent muscle spasms occur after sweating, accompanied by contraction pain, which are more common in the limb muscles, masturbating muscles and abdominal muscles, especially the gastrocnemius muscles, which are symmetrical; the body temperature is generally normal.
3. Heat exhaustion.In a high-temperature operating environment, a group of clinical syndromes characterized by insufficient blood volume appears, such as sweating, wet and cold skin, pale complexion, nausea, dizziness, significant increase in heart rate, hypotension, and oliguria. The body temperature is often increased but not exceeding 40℃, which may be accompanied by dizziness and fainting. Some patients only experience increased body temperature in the early stage. Laboratory examination showed increased hematocrit, hypernatremia, and azotemia.
4. Heat stroke disease. Engaging in physical labor or physical activities in high-temperature operating environments will cause clinical manifestations mainly of significant body temperature increase and consciousness disorders, which are manifested as dry and hot skin, no sweating, body temperature up to 40℃ or above, delirium, coma, etc.; it may be accompanied by systemic epilepsy-like seizures, rhabdomyolysis, and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome.
2. Effectively implement anti-heat and cooling measures
(I) Reasonable job arrangements.
Epidemic prevention and control organization departments at all levels should reasonably arrange the work positions of epidemic prevention and control personnel based on the physical conditions of epidemic prevention and control personnel. For those suffering from cardiac, cerebrovascular diseases, chronic nephritis, respiratory system, central nervous system diseases, uncontrolled endocrine diseases (such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, etc.) and other physical conditions that are not suitable for high-temperature operations, high-temperature operations or high-temperature weather operations should not be arranged. Pregnant epidemic prevention and control personnel shall not be arranged to engage in outdoor open-air operations and workplaces with temperatures above 33°C during high temperatures above 35°C. For epidemic prevention and control personnel who are not suitable for continuing to engage in high-temperature operations or high-temperature weather operations, their working positions should be adjusted in a timely manner.
(II) Scientifically arrange homework time.
Epidemic prevention and control organization departments at all levels should promptly release warning information based on high temperature weather conditions, reasonably arrange nucleic acid sampling and vaccination time, and strengthen guidance on prevention and control of heat stroke in high temperature workplaces. In high temperatures, try to avoid working during periods of intense sunlight and high temperatures (such as 11:00 to 15:00), and choose a relatively low temperature in the morning and evening to carry out work. Strengthen the rotation of personnel for epidemic prevention and control in high-temperature workplaces and outdoors in high-temperature weather, reduce labor intensity and shorten the time for continuous operation (short to less than 2 hours in high-temperature environments).
(III) Improve the working environment.
Epidemic prevention and control organization departments at all levels should reasonably choose outdoor nucleic acid testing and other workplaces, and high-temperature workplaces or outdoor workplaces in high-temperature weather are equipped with necessary ventilation or cooling equipment, such as sun protection and sunshades, mobile air supply fans, spray fans or fixed air shower equipment, etc. A lounge should be set up near the workplace. The temperature difference between the indoor and outdoor of the lounge should not be too large, and necessary anti-heat and cooling facilities or supplies should be equipped.
(IV) Strengthen individual protection of high-temperature operations.
Epidemic prevention and control organization departments at all levels can provide epidemic prevention and control personnel with wearable air-cooled vests, cooling vests and other personal protective equipment in protective clothing according to work needs. The clothes worn by epidemic prevention and control personnel should be as loose as possible to absorb sweat.
(V) Equipped with anti-heat drinks and first aid items.
Epidemic prevention and control organization departments at all levels should provide anti-heat and cooling beverages and foods for epidemic prevention and control personnel, such as sugar salt water, salt tea water, salt-containing cool beverages (salt content 0.1% to 0.2%, water temperature 8℃ to 12℃), mung bean soup, etc. In high-temperature workplaces or work sites where high temperature weather may occur, first aid medicines and items should be equipped, such as Rendan, Ten Drops of Water, Huoxiang Zhengqi Water, Cooling Oil, Wuji Dan, Yuwen San, and normal saline, as well as cooling supplies such as cold water, ice cubes or chemical ice bags, ice water towels.
(VI) Advocate scientific diet for epidemic prevention and control personnel.
Epidemic prevention and control organization departments at all levels should advocate scientific diet for epidemic prevention and control personnel during high temperature operations or high temperature weather operations. Reduce a high-fat diet, increase the intake of foods rich in high-quality protein, vitamins, etc., such as eggs, milk, vegetables and fruits, and control the consumption of high-sugar, alcoholic beverages and iced foods. It is strictly forbidden to work on an empty stomach, pay attention to replenishing water and salt, avoid water shortage, and supplement water, salt and minerals appropriately before work, and it is advisable to contain salt and cool boiled water and salt tea.
(7) Strengthen publicity and education on preventing heatstroke and cooling.
Epidemic prevention and control organization departments at all levels should increase publicity and training on high-temperature operations or high-temperature weather operations and their protective measures for epidemic prevention and control personnel, popularize knowledge on preventing heatstroke cooling, guide epidemic prevention and control personnel to enhance their awareness of prevention and control, master heatstroke prevention and control measures and individual protection methods, and improve the ability to identify precursors of heatstroke and rescue on site for self-rescue and mutual rescue.
3. Scientific treatment of high temperature heat stroke
Epidemic prevention and control organization departments at all levels should formulate emergency plans for high temperature heat stroke for epidemic prevention and control personnel, and effectively carry out emergency rescue and disposal.
(I) Disposal of signs of heat stroke.
When epidemic prevention and control personnel have symptoms of precursor heatstroke, they should stop working immediately, take off their protective clothing according to epidemic prevention requirements, go to a cool and ventilated place to rest, add salt-containing cool drinks, and pay close attention.
(II) Disposal of heat stroke.
When epidemic prevention and control personnel experience heatstroke, they should immediately remove the heat-causing factors, quickly and effectively cool down, replenish water and salt, take symptomatic treatment measures such as controlling convulsions and protecting airway unobstructed, and be prepared for transportation.
1. Move out of the high temperature environment immediately. Quickly transfer the heatstroke person to a cool and ventilated place, so that he lies flat, and remove protective supplies and sweat-soaked clothes according to epidemic prevention requirements.
2. Quickly cool down. Take measures such as water bath or ice water wiping bath, electronic ice blanket, ice cap, ice pack cooling, fan speed up evaporation, convection and heat dissipation, etc. to make the core body temperature of people with heatstroke quickly drop below 39℃ within 10 minutes to 40 minutes, drop below 38.5℃ in 2 hours, and stop all cold compresses and other heavy cooling measures. It is best to continue to massage muscles to promote circulation. Drug cooling measures are not recommended.
3. Replenish water electrolyte. For people with still conscious heatstroke, they can supplement salt-containing cool drinks, salt soda, etc. in a small amount and multiple times, but they should not rush to replenish a lot of water, otherwise it will cause nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain in the heatstroke. Since soft drinks, caffeine-containing beverages, and alcoholic beverages will affect the absorption of moisture, it is not recommended to use them for rapid hydration.
4. Symptom-based treatment. Apply Fengliu essence or cooling oil to the head and temples of people with heatstroke; patients can take medicines such as Huoxiang Zhengqi Water orally when they are awake. If a person with heatstroke has lost consciousness, he can pinch Renzhong, Hegu and other acupoints to wake him up; if a person with heatstroke stops breathing, he should immediately perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Once symptoms such as high fever, coma and convulsions occur, the patient should lie on his side, lean his head back, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, and call 120 immediately for emergency treatment.
5. Quickly transfer. According to the principle of "cooling first, then transfer", when cooling is in conflict with transfer, cooling is the first and second, cooling is continued to cool down during the transfer, opening the air conditioner in the ambulance or opening the window, etc.
Attachment
Workplace Wet Ball Black Ball Temperature (WBGT) Index Occupational Contact Limit
and Physical Labor Strength Grading
Note: 1. In areas with the design temperature of outdoor ventilation in this area ≥30℃, the WBGT index in the table increases by 1℃ accordingly.
2. Contact time rate: The ratio of the cumulative time of the worker's actual contact with high temperature operations to 8 hours within one working day.
Table 2 Common occupational physical labor intensity grading table
(Original title: Guidelines for preventing and cooling of epidemic prevention and control personnel: In high-temperature environment, continuous operation should not exceed 2 hours)
Source: National Health Commission website
Process editing: tf025
