Fighting the new coronavirus epidemic, everyone has also learned more about viruses and antiviral drugs.
Let’s talk about some commonly used anti-influenza virus drugs and precautions for use.
Commonly used anti- influenza virus drugs include adamantine, adamantine, oseltamivir, and zanamivir.
1. Adamantine and adamantine antiviral machine are the same as .
① Acts on the M2
protein with ion channel function and affects virus dehulling and replication.
② interferes with viral assembly by affecting hemagglutinin.
The effects of both
Adamantine antiviral effect is 4 to 10 times stronger than Adamantine.
Both are only effective against Asian influenza A virus .
Clinical application
is mainly used for the prevention and treatment of influenza A in Asia.
medication in early stages of infection can shorten the course of the disease, relieve symptoms, and have obvious antipyretic effects.
Precautions for medication
① Adamantine and adamantine are common headaches, excitement, insomnia, tremor, ataxia, etc.
② It is prohibited for pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and patients with epilepsy and mental illness.
③ The combination of adamantine and anticholinergic drugs can increase the risk of adverse reactions to anticholinergic.
④ Adamantamide and antipsychotic drugs, domperidone, methyldopa, tetrabenazine, metoclopramide, etc. can increase the risk of adverse reactions to extrapyramidal .
⑤ The combination of adamantine and memantine increases the toxicity of the central nervous system and should be avoided; memantine can also increase the effect of dopaminergic drugs.
2. Oseltavir
is a selective influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor. Oseltamivir is a prodrug. After oral administration, its active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate can inhibit the neuraminidase activity of influenza A and B influenza B viruses, thereby inhibiting the replication and spread of influenza viruses.
Clinical application
Ooseltamivir is a more effective drug to prevent and treat influenza viruses. It is used for the treatment of influenza A and B in adults and children over 1 year old; prevention of influenza A and B in adolescents over 13 years old.
Precautions for medication
① Oseltamivir often causes fatigue, convulsions, nasal congestion, cough, sinusitis, sore throat, laryngeal edema, bronchitis, etc.
② During the treatment with oseltamivir, patients should be closely monitored for abnormal behaviors such as self-harm and delirium events.
③ The safety of applications for pregnant women and breastfeeding women has not yet been confirmed, and applications are generally not recommended.
④ Do not take oseltamivir within two weeks of using the live attenuated flu vaccine, and do not use the live attenuated flu vaccine within 48 hours after taking oseltamivir.
3. Zanamivir
Zanamivir is a sialic acid derivative that can inhibit the neuraminidase of influenza viruses, affect the aggregation and release of viral particles, and thus prevent the virus from spreading in the respiratory tract.
can effectively inhibit the replication of influenza A and B viruses.
Clinical application
is mainly used for the treatment of influenza A and B in adults and children aged 7 and over 7 years old.
Precautions for medication
① Adverse reactions to Zanamivir include nasal symptoms, headache, dizziness, Gastric dysfunction , cough, infection, rash, bronchitis, etc.
② Patients with chronic respiratory diseases have a higher risk of bronchospasm after taking medication and avoid being used in patients with severe asthma.
③ Zanamivir is an inhaled powder atomizer and must not be temporarily prepared into a solution and administered by spraying or mechanical ventilation.
④ Because the system bioavailability of zanamivir after oral inhalation is low, patients with renal impairment do not need to adjust the dose.
⑤ Zanamivir is not metabolized in the liver, so patients with liver insufficiency do not need to adjust the dose.
Summary
and above introduced the four commonly used anti-influenza virus drugs. When applying them in specific applications, they must also be based on the influenza prevention and control guidelines issued by the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention every year and used under the guidance of a doctor.
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