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The famous British scientist Joseph Needham conducted in-depth research on the scientific and technological achievements of ancient my country and wrote the world-famous masterpiece "China's Science and Culture" (the Chinese translation is titled " History of Chinese Science and Technology "). Under the guidance of Dr. Joseph Needham, Bert K.G. Temple published the book "China: The Kingdom of Invention and Discovery" in 1986, introducing China's "world first" in concise and popular words.
What great inventions did the ancient Chinese have and which inventions influenced the world? The following excerpts from 50 things will give you a brief introduction. (The following is the second volume)
11, Umbrella:
In 1100 BC, Chinese people had already used umbrellas, and at that time they had used umbrellas to represent their identity. The umbrella bones are made of bamboo or sandalwood and covered with umbrella surfaces made of leaves or feathers. The word "umbrella" appeared in English only in the 12th century AD. In the past, there were only parasols. Until the 1733, Parisians used umbrellas to make umbrellas. Some people in the academic community also say that Chinese people invented the umbrella during the Three Kingdoms period in the 4th century AD.
12, Kite:
In 1000 BC, the Chinese were the first to fly kites. Long before the True History, it was said that Chinese people could fly kites. According to legend, in the fourth century BC, a famous Chinese craftsman, Luban (i.e. Gongshu Ban), made a kite and took it to the sky for three days without falling. There is also a story about a general surrounding the palace and using a kite to measure the distance between the palace wall and his own army. In 1600 AD, kites from the east (diamond) were introduced to Europe by the Dutch. The kite flying into the sky provides principles and inspiration for the plane to fly into the sky.
13, Bow and Arrow:
The Chinese invented the bow and arrow in the 8th century BC. In 200 BC The Chinese have invented the crossbow. It is mainly used for fighting and hunting, and can shoot lying, standing and riding, and has great power. Italy in Europe used bows only in the 10th century AD.
14. Ancient robots:
From 770 BC to 256 BC, the Chinese had invented ancient robots. In today's world, when talking about robots, we must talk about Europe, America and the East; however, did you know that the first person to make ancient robots in the world was the Chinese. The robots made in ancient China were not only exquisite, but also had a wide range of uses, with various robots. There are all kinds of robots that can dance, robots that can sing and sing sing , and robots that can catch fish... etc.
Dancing robot. Duan Anxi of the Tang Dynasty in my country said: During the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Han was besieged by the Xiongnu Shanyu Maodun in Pingcheng. Chen Ping of the Han army learned that the generals ruled by Maodun's wife, the Yan clan, were the most elite and fierce team in the country, but the Yan clan had a jealous personality. So Chen Ping ordered the craftsmen to make an exquisite wooden robot. Put beautiful clothes on the wooden robot, dress up in a colorful way, and apply rouge on its face, making it look more handsome. Then put it on the female wall (the short wall on the city wall), the engine (the engine part of the machine), and the robot dances gracefully, with beautiful dances and adorable. Yan Shi saw this scene very clearly outside the city. She mistakenly took this dance robot as the real beauty in the world, and was afraid that after breaking the city, she would only favor this beautiful girl in the Central Plains and neglect herself. Therefore, Yan Shi led her troops to abandon the city. Only then did Pingcheng turn danger into a bargain.
Robot who can sing and play sheng. The robots in the Tang Dynasty were even more exquisite and magical. Zhang Yu, a native of the Tang Dynasty, said in "The Complete Record of the Court and the Country": Yin Wenliang of Luozhou once served as a county magistrate (equivalent to the "county magistrate"), had a clever personality and liked to drink. He carved a wooden robot and put it on clothes made of silk and satin; he made the robot a waitress. This "welves" is always polite to drink wine and drink.
Robot that makes money. During the Tang Dynasty, a craftsman named Yang Wulian in Hangzhou, my country developed a robot that looked like a monk. It held a copper bowl begging for alms and could learn from monks to beg for alms. When the money in the bowl was full, it would automatically put away the money. And it will bow to the donor.Citizens in Hangzhou City are scrambling to invest money in this bowl to watch this wonderful performance. It can actually make thousands of money for its owner every day, which can be called unique and has the power to make money.
Robot that can catch fish. Robots in the Tang Dynasty were also used in production practice. The King of Liuzhou Shi of the Tang Dynasty developed a robot similar to an otter. It can sink into the water of rivers and lakes, and after catching fish, its head will be exposed to the water. Why can it catch fish? If the robot puts bait in its mouth and installs the activation parts, it can sink into the water with a stone. When the fish eats the bait, the part is activated and the stone falls into the water from its mouth. When its mouth is closed, the fish it holds in its mouth cannot run away, and it floats from the water to the surface. This is the earliest robot used for production in the world.
In addition, in books such as "Shi Yilu", it also records the clever and wonderful tricks of ancient robots taking the stage to act, holding lamps and accompanying blindness.
15, branch cultivation and fine cultivated land method:
In the 6th century BC, the Chinese invented branch cultivation and fine cultivated land method; Europeans did not use this technology until 1731.
16, Iron Plow :
In the 6th century BC, the Chinese invented the iron plow. Europeans did not use iron plows until the 17th century. In 1050 AD, the Chinese also invented a plow mirror, which provided a plow mirror to facilitate the turning of soil, thereby increasing agricultural output.
17, Da Ding Yin Bell:
The Chinese invented the Da Ding Yin Bell in the 6th century BC; Europeans did not have the Ding Yin Bell until 1,000 AD, about 1,600 years later than China.
18. Abacus:
In 550 BC, the Chinese invented abacus, used for calculations. It is also a calculation tool widely used in commercial use since ancient times. It was later spread all over the world and was gradually replaced by modern Arabic numerals in the 12th century. By the 20th century, many people in the former Soviet Union and the Far East still used abacus.
19. Carpet:
Five hundred BC carpet has been used in China. The earliest known carpets originated in China and Iran in the fifth century BC. In 1606, carpets woven with looms near Paris, France were first to use looms.
20, Double-action piston bellows:
The Chinese invented the double-action piston bellows in the 5th century BC. The West used a double-action piston bellows in the 16th century.
