Is there any real barren-hand combat technique in Chinese history? Is it a hidden cold weapon to attack and defend against the fist? What are the technical characteristics? How effective are the training and actual combat? This series of articles selects some historical facts and objective analysis, and criticism and discussion are welcome.
According to the "Biographies of the Ram", in 682 BC, a bloody battle between one and three occurred in the palace. At that time, the general of Song State, Nangong Changwan, killed Song Mingong and his guards with bare hands, and then killed the ministers Hua Du with weapons. There are roughly three types of barehand fighting techniques he uses.
Modern bare-hand combat
The first type: the best of the enemy
Mong Gong Song and his general Nangong Changwan verbal, mocking him for his dark history of being a prisoner of war.
"Wan's anger, fight against Duke Min, and stop his opponent." Nangong Changwan first killed his boss. The most obvious thing is the "neck-holding" in Chinese wrestling. Modern mixed martial arts sports are called "naked twist", and can also be subdivided into blood twist and air twist.
modern mixed martial arts nude sling
US military fighting class nude sling technician
Chinese prisoner-catching fist is called "throat lock". The basic principle is to suffocate and lose consciousness by exerting pressure on the human carotid sinus or Adam's apple trachea.
is different in different eras and different martial arts titles, and the technical details vary slightly according to actual conditions. Nangong Changwan should be the first person in the nude battle with clear historical records in Chinese history.
Nangong Changwan killed Song Mingong angrily
The second type: enter the sword empty-handed
Song Mingong's servant Qiu Mu took the sword in his hand and walked forward to stop: "Qiu Mu heard that the king was killed, and he came to him; when he met him, he scolded him with a sword. Ten thousand arms folded Qiu Mu, broke his head, and his teeth were stuck at the door."
This passage implies two sets of fighting actions.
First, Nangong Changwan, who had a bare hands, "entered the blade with bare hands", dodged through technical footwork and body movement, avoided sword strikes, and launched a bare-hand attack after approaching the opponent.
Modern Israeli Maga techniques, Russian Sistema, and US military and police have special training on grabbing knives with empty hands and guns with empty hands. Unlike ordinary people who seek blessings and avoid misfortunes, the responsibility of the military and police is to face violence and dangers directly, and they must find ways to overcome the enemy.
US military and police fighting training
Entering the hand-to-hand sword with no hand is indeed very dangerous, but under extreme conditions, when turning around and running, kowtow begging for mercy, or taking money to bribe, you may have a chance to survive if you try hard.
Nang Gong Changwan should have received professional training in the army to get into the hand and blade with bare hands, and is familiar with the technical characteristics of his country's swordsmanship, and his own martial arts value is high, and he is at the "king" level. Qiu Mu may be a "rookie" with low martial arts skills, so he will have a one-sided showdown.
This is the winning method summarized by martial arts proverbs: has the weak, fast and slow, heavy and light, clever and stupid, mature and raw.
The third martial arts: Arm fold
Nangong Changwan avoided the sword and quickly attacked the killer. "Fold" means side-hand strike, and "Fold" can be used to understand four kinds of speculations:
speculation 1: elbow strike. "Guangya Shiqin" annotated as "the brachialis is called the arm", and the humerus is the upper arm bone including the elbow joint. Among them, the bones of the elbow are firm and the edges behind the curved arms are clear, commonly known as "hawk'er", and the impact is higher than that of the fist.
martial arts proverb says "The fist is light and the palm is heavy and the elbow is deadly." Qiu Mu's head was broken, and this powerful blow should have been caused by an elbow strike. The horizontal elbow and the sweep of the elbow are both methods of hitting the elbow sideways.
speculation 2: iron arm work. Usually exercise your arms like iron and whip. When fighting, swing your arms like waving a baseball bat. You can use the forearm on the side of your thumb to scratch the bones, or use the forearm on the side of your little finger to hit the opponent's neck, ears and cheeks. Japanese Karate uses the technique of scratching bones with forearm to attack opponents, called "forearm hammer".
Speculation 3: Willow leaf palm (called hand knife in Japanese karate). The real attack part of the willow leaf palm is the edge of the palm at the base of the little finger, along with wrist bone and forearm ulnar.Because the distance between the enemy and us in actual combat changes dynamically, we want to chop with the edge of our palm, but the actual contact area may be the forearm ulna or wrist bone. The classic case of
palm splitting in modern ring competitions is the Korean-Japanese fighting master Li Daoshan KO of the American NWA heavyweight king "Iron Man" Dance.
speculation 4: Combination of iron arm exercise, willow leaf palm and elbow. Nangong Changwan first used his forearm to slash the head, neck, ears and cheeks and other key points, and then killed the opponent with his elbow. This is also in line with the change of distance from far to near when two people fight each other. Combined with the description of breaking the head and embedding the teeth into the door panel, Nangong Changwan should have changed his technology and hit his opponent several times in a row, rather than killing with one blow.
As a regular soldier, Nangong Changwan should have relatively systematic and standardized strength, speed and endurance training. The minister Hua Tu, who came later, was also killed by him.
Three questions
Question 1: Why didn’t Nangong Changwan use the common liver-burning boxing or boxing head KO opponents in modern rings?
records the national historical book "Mandarin·Jinyu III" of the same period, it says: " armor and are used to die, which is the rule of Rong." Armor and harness are defensive weapons worn on the body, equivalent to ancient anti-spike suits + ancient Sanda protective gear. The elite troops wearing armor at that time were called "armor soldiers".
Modern archaeological discovery, the armor material of in the Spring and Autumn Period is mainly animal leather, and the neck and facial protection is relatively insufficient. In normal training, Nangong Changwan and the soldiers at that time would definitely give priority to studying key attacks on these two places in order to kill the enemy efficiently and labor-savingly.
Armored by the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period of China
If you use a naked fist to directly hit the liver ribs protected by armor or the harder head, it may cause hand bone fractures or wrist bone contusions, which is not conducive to continuous combat. Unlike modern arena fighting, there are no referees calling for a stop on the bloody and chaotic battlefield, and battlefield rescue is not available on call.
In 1988, the famous boxing champion Tyson broke his right hand during an accidental street fight with naked fists. In the semi-finals, the winner of the 75kg gold belt in Kunlun Final, Manlkan, had a broken bone injury in his right hand relapsed when he had a hand-wrapped glove.
Question 2: Bronze cold weapons were widely equipped in the Spring and Autumn Period. Why, as a senior general who commands the war, Nangong Changwan also needs to learn and master bare-handed martial arts?
The hardness and toughness of bronze cold weapons are inferior to iron weapons. Considering the blocking and bluntization of shields, armor, bones, and flesh, in high-intensity and long-term battlefield fighting, once the bronze cold weapons are damaged or lost, bare hands fighting is the last method for soldiers to save their lives and kill the enemy.
Until today, special operations military and police from all over the world have to undergo training to seize swords and guns with bare hands to deal with various emergencies. Friends who are familiar with modern antique full-armored weapons fighting know that in cold weapon fighting, sometimes they also need auxiliary cooperation of leg strikes, wrestling and other techniques.
Question 3: Is Nangong Changwan a top martial artist in the Spring and Autumn Period?
may not be. He had been "beheaded" by the weak country at that time, the army of Lu State, and was first injured with a bow and arrow, and then captured alive and became a prisoner. This incident was ridiculed and ridiculed by Duke Min of Song. He was impulsive and caused a 2000-year-old murder to be written into a historical book. There are clear records of wrestling masters in the Spring and Autumn Period, including Niu Tan, Shao Shi Zhou, Ju Na, Mo Ao Daxin, Qing Ji and others.
Conclusion
Nangong Changwan's angrily killing of Song Mingong was an emergency, not a premeditated palace coup, nor a modern arena event with sufficient preparation. In a hurry, his targeted attacks on the weak points of the armor protection at that time - the key points of the face and neck were all conditioned reflexes for normal training.
From this, it is judged that at least in the Spring and Autumn Period more than 2,700 years ago, some generals and soldiers had mastered some scientific barehand fighting skills such as heavy blows and grappling, which were mainly used to attack the human body, and were definitely not randomly fighting.
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Original: Xiaoxia
Editor in charge: Jinse
2 Editor: Jinse
