The just-passed year of 2021 is a milestone in the history of the Party and the country. This year, Chinese philosophy and social sciences have been moving with the times. The vast number of historical workers have followed the pulse of the times and highlighted the theme of the times. They have achieved a series of important achievements in the research fields of archaeology, Chinese history, world history, historical theory and historical history. An overview of these achievements has been found in the "2021 History Discipline Research and Development Report" published by the Japanese newspaper on January 10, 2022. In order to facilitate the academic community to further understand the relevant research status, we have launched four sub-reports: archaeology, Chinese history, world history, historical theory and historical history on the basis of keeping the original report framework unchanged, for readers to criticize and correct. The topic of this report is the development status of Chinese history research in 2021. As a first-level discipline, the vast number of researchers in the field of Chinese history actively responded to the concerns of the times, continuously explored new fields with a solid academic style, and continued to deepen their efforts in the traditional advantages of Chinese historiography, and many highlights emerged.
Pre-Qin History
This year's pre-Qin History has achieved fruitful results, new theories have emerged, and ideological and problem awareness have been highlighted. While continuing to emphasize the interpretation and interpretation of traditional issues such as major historical events, ritual system and clan system with new historical materials and new discoveries, researchers have devoted more enthusiasm to areas that were once relatively lonely, such as social forms and social nature, and have published many results, which have left a deep impression on people. The focus on the study of social forms and social nature of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties seems to indicate the highlighting of theoretical thinking awareness in the ancient Chinese historiography community and the growing interest in the traditional issues of Marxist historiography. Given that the situation of prehistoric research has been introduced in the "2021 Archaeological Research Development Report" (5th edition, January 24, 2022), this section only briefly summarizes several of the most distinctive issues in the research of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties this year.
First, Research on the social nature and social form of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. Luo Shiqian believed that the Xia and Shang dynasties belonged to the type of slavery in Asia, and the development of ancient China's historical status was the result of the unity of universality and particularity. Xu Yihua believed that ancient China lacked a stable source of slaves, and slaves were just functional or even supplementary existences in the operation of the entire society. Xie Naihe believes that the social form of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties was a feudal society in line with the historical reality of the three dynasties, which confirmed the rationality of Marx's theory of social form. Ren Huibin believes that it is necessary to examine the economic foundation and social structure of the Shang civilization from a multidisciplinary comprehensive research and an international perspective. Ningzhenjiang believes that the low class of the Zhou Dynasty is an important reference for examining the nature of the Zhou Dynasty's society. The Zhou Dynasty society was quite far from what classic writers said about slavery, so the "slave society" theory of the Zhou Dynasty has faded recently. Wang Qi believed that the "state, important people, and mediocre people" in Xinghou Gui should refer to three types of slaves, namely fishermen, children, and farmers, and the status of these three types of slaves was reduced in turn.
Second, Research on the etiquette system and patriarchal system. Rites and music are both an important foundation of the politics of the three generations and the main content of the culture of the three generations. Liu Yuan analyzed the relevant inscriptions in the oracle bone materials of the Huadong Yinxu, and explained the ritual of the ritual reflected in it. Zhang Lijun believed that the Zhou Dynasty achieved governance of Zongzhou and other areas through etiquette and granting court officials. Zhang Xiuhua believes that fate is different from oaths, and the fate ceremony in bronze inscriptions cannot be linked to the oaths in documents. Yang Bo believes that the even number of tripods reflects the integration and mutual application of vassals and states within the broad sense of the "Zhou" ethnic group after the Spring and Autumn Period. Yang Guangshuai believed that the tombs of princes and some high-level officials in the Zhou Dynasty could be buried in a set of Dawu dance props, while the tombs of scholars and low-level officials were only used as dance props. Du Yong and Li Lingling believed that the Yin royal family could not form a patriarchal system with different sects and sects. In the early Zhou Dynasty, it inherited the political legacy of the late Shang Dynasty and established a more strict legal system, which became one of the important political systems that were difficult for generations to come.
Third, Ideological and Cultural Research. Zhao Shichao believed that it was not until the Yin and Zhou dynasties that the "witch-lord-democratic people" were replaced by "imperial people" or "cathocratic people". Zhang Hui and Cai Fanglu believed that the "ghosts and gods" concept of pre-Qin Confucianism valued human emotions and ethics, and expressed political intentions through a series of complex and orderly sacrificial rituals.Yang Nianqun believes that only by combining the three concepts of "great unification", "China" and "world" and can we fully grasp the overall direction and characteristics of Chinese history. Ge Zhiyi believes that the reform thoughts such as the Three Unification Theory and the Five Virtues Theory came into being during the Warring States Period and profoundly influenced the direction of Chinese history. Chao Fulin believes that studying the history of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period is of great significance to a deep understanding of the society in ancient my country. Kong Deli believes that Xunzi "repels ink" by constructing a "ritual and music" system, which is another heavy blow to 年年 after 年 4年 未分类. Bai Xi believes that the Mawangdui silk book " Huangdi Four Classics " laid the theoretical foundation for the yin and yang thought of Huang Lao Taoist . Qupray believes that the view of destiny, view of heaven and Taoism, which explain the relationship between heaven and man, influence and interfere with each other, and exists together in the social consciousness of the pre-Qin period.
In addition to the above, the pre-Qin history research in 2021 has also achieved many achievements in the verification of important historical facts, academic history summary, document compilation and research, and it is difficult to describe them one by one due to the limited space. It should be pointed out that compared with the grand occasions in previous years, theoretical and empirical research on the origin of state and civilization has produced relatively few results this year. We believe that as the academic community increases its interest in grand issues, research on major historical issues such as the origin of countries and civilization will re-enter people's vision in a new form.
The history of Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern, Northern and Southern Dynasties, Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties
The research on the spiritual bloodline, excellent traditional culture and cultural genes of the Chinese nation has become the focus.
First, research on civilization continuity and cultural genes and cultural identity. Liu Zhiping believes that the ethnic distinction between the "Qin people and non-Qin people" from , the Warring States Period to the Qin Dynasty was highlighted. It turned out that the multi-level ethnic identity pattern with Ji Zhou and Huaxia as the core was replaced by the multi-level ethnic identity pattern with "Qin people" as the core. Peng Fengwen believes that the rulers of the Northern Wei Dynasty laid an important foundation for the construction of national identity and historical and cultural identity through cultural integration, and objectively promoted the formation of the Chinese nation community. He Yuhong believes that getting rid of the cognitive frameworks such as the rise and fall of dynasties, the difference between the political system and Hu and Han, and going deep into the inner spirit and conceptual level of political operation is a new perspective for observing the continuity of China's history. Yuan Jian believes that the systematic connection between China's territory and the living spaces of various ethnic groups deserves special attention.
Second, Dunhuang studies , Silk Road and cultural exchange research. Rong Xinjiang , Liu Jinbao, Hao Chunwen, Chu , and Zhao Shengliang demonstrated the latest achievements in the study of medieval history in the perspective of Dunhuang from multiple disciplines and dimensions. Zhang Yongquan believes that the entry of the Tibetan Buddhist scriptures into the Tibetan Buddhist scriptures is closely related to the activities of monk Daozhen to restore Buddhist scriptures in the Sanjie Temple where Mogao Grottoes are located. Yang Fuxue believes that Dunhuang culture is not only the crystallization of multi-ethnic wisdom, but also the product of cultural exchange between China and the West. Articles by Wang Xiaofu, Wang Keng, Rong Xinjiang and others show the main achievements of the research on the Maritime Silk Road in the perspective of global history. Shi Yuntao believes that the entry of a large number of extraterritorial plants into China not only had a positive impact on the agricultural production and food culture of the Middle Ages, but also promoted the development of the commodity economy. Xue Haibo believes that the Six Dynasties Jiankang silk trade was an important part of the Eurasian maritime Silk Road trade, and the economy of the Six Dynasties was deeply affected by it.
Third, research on social changes and ideological, institutional evolution and national governance. Yang Jiping believed that the "Di Ling" or "Tian Ling" of the Northern Dynasties did not determine the nature of the Northern Dynasties' land ownership. Yang Hua believes that the research on etiquette under the guidance of historical materialism has achieved fruitful results, but at the same time, there are problems such as insufficient judgment on the nature of etiquette and the times. Yan Buke argued the relationship between the ancient official rank system, clothing rank and bureaucratic rank. Zhang Hequan believed that after the founding of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the system of five-class titles was implemented, and this type of title was inherited by later generations. Shen Gang restored the basic appearance of the local administrative system of the Qin Dynasty based on Qin bamboo slips and . Li Yujie believed that the princes and ministers played a special role in the "parallel county and state" system of the Western Han Dynasty. Jinwen draws on multidisciplinary theories and methods to explore controversial issues in the Qin and Han dynasties. Yuan Baolong believes that political culture and academic thoughts at different stages of the Qin and Han dynasties blended with each other.Lucici believes that the two systems of ancient China's state control and rural autonomy have multiple relationships with traditions in the historical development process. Hu Baohua believed that the system of censors in the Tang Dynasty was becoming more and more perfect, and censors and performed the function of supervising all officials under the autocracy.
Fourth, sorting and researching classic documents and unearthed materials. Li Ping and Jiang Xiao proposed that the combined engraving of official bookstores in the five provinces is an important link in the development of the Twenty-Four Historical Versions. "The Disclosure of Unearthed Documents" edited by Rong Xinjiang and Shi Rui includes 373 Turpan documents collected by 22 public and private collection units in China, Germany, Russia, Japan and other countries. The revised "Chen Shu" presided over by Jing Shuhui, based on the photocopying of "Chen Shu" compiled by the Chinese Academy of Academic Arts and Arts, Shanghai Hanfenlou, formed a well-programmed revision. Chen Songchang conducted a detailed study of the Mawangdui silk book and sorted out the "Catalogue of Research Works on Mawangdui silk book". Wang Lianlong compiled the tombstones of thousands of square meters of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
Fifth, research on ecological history and people's life history. Prince Jin discussed the style and characteristics of marine culture during the Qin and Han dynasties, and explained the ecological environment view and the relationship between the ecological environment and social history of the Qin and Han people from the perspective of ideological and conceptual history. "Chasing Life: Epitaphs in Chinese History" written by Yi Peixia and others supplements the characters' thoughts and daily situations that are rarely recorded in official history and local chronicles. Sun Xiao analyzed the changes in the aesthetic culture of ancient Chinese women's image and its reasons. Ning Xin studied the changes and characteristics of the middle and lower social classes in the urban social process during the Tang and Song dynasties.
Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing history
Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing history research has shown many new research results in grassroots governance, disease history and disaster history, and research on Sino-foreign exchanges and mutual learning of civilizations.
First, grassroots governance research. National governance is a major topic that ancient historical community has long been concerned about, and the historical community of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties has paid special attention to grassroots governance. Gu Gengyou, Xu Chang, Diao Peijun , and Huang Zhifan discussed the new direction of this research field from the aspects of the power system of ancient Chinese rural society, the unearthed bamboo slips and the nature of rural officials, the "governed" of ancient Chinese rural areas and the cultural identity in the rural governance system of Ming and Qing dynasties. Lu Ren and Lin Xiaoyan further clarified the system creation of grassroots governance in the Yuan Dynasty. Huang Chunyan and Chen Hanyi believe that the centralized centralization of the Southern Song Dynasty's finances has been further deepened and local financial resources have been continuously weakened. Bai Hua and Li Jing believed that in the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were both institutional factors and personal wisdom in the government affairs operations of prefectures and counties. Chang Jianhua believes that the daily lives of Hunan people in the early Qianlong period were also included in the background of national governance. Wang Hongbing believed that rural governance in the Qing Dynasty was a comprehensive and diverse coordinated governance model from the central and local governments to rural society. Zhou Quyang believes that in order to achieve the goals of "fixed households" and "equal tax", Li Chunnian and Wang Jingyun took different ideas to promote the economic circles. Shen Bin believes that the general compilation of tax and service book volumes in various places during the Jiajing period was not only a need for tax and service reform in various places, but also a reflection of the expansion of new financial management technical knowledge and its impact on the ruling party. Qiu Jie focused on the records in "The Diary of Wangfu Travels and Guanguan", showing the actual scene of Guangdong prefectures and counties urging money and grain to collect money and grain in the late Qing Dynasty. Ding Chunyan and Long Denggao believed through discussions on the land and house transactions in the Qing Dynasty that the government is the bridge and link between grassroots society.
Second, study on disease history and disaster history. The historical community not only pays attention to disasters and epidemics in historical periods, but also expands to the discussion on the research path of disease history and disaster history. Yu Gengzhe, Yang Huibin, Liu Peng, and Wang Yumeng discussed the impact of epidemics on social culture, which involved the impact of epidemics on concepts, the Confucianism and regionalization of Ming and Qing doctors, and the historical origins of simple yarn cotton masks. Yu Xinzhong, Feng Erkang, Li Yushang, and Ding Jianmin discussed the inspiration of the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic on the construction of medical social history disciplines, the historical disaster culture, and the sharing of medical information between Britain and the United States in the early days. Zhou Qiong, Fang Xiuqi, Xia Mingfang, Yu Xinzhong, Ma Junya discussed the methodology of disaster history and disaster culture research and the impact of diseases and disasters.Hu Yuefeng discussed the disaster and epidemic relief in the Qing Dynasty from the perspective of monetary history, believing that the occurrence of disaster and epidemic disrupted the normal monetary circulation order in the disaster and epidemic areas. The degree of "silver cheap money" presented by the silver and money exchange price is often positively correlated with the intensity of disaster and epidemic and the range. Ju Mingku and Shao Qianqian believe that the Ming and Qing family motto objectively assumed the functions of some disaster education with their special educational purposes, educational methods and communication methods.
Third, research on exchanges between China and foreign countries and mutual learning between civilizations. In 2021, many scholars viewed China-foreign exchanges from a broader perspective or global history perspective, thus strengthening the study of mutual learning between Chinese and Western civilizations. Ge Zhaoguang believes that from 1368 to 1420, the Mongol Empire gradually collapsed in eastern Asia, which was a period of re-alignment of the international order in eastern Asia. Li Jingrong believes that in the 13th and 14th centuries, due to the conquest of Mongolia, many Armenians came to the famous port city of Quanzhou, a southeast coast through land and sea, and it is possible that a larger settlement area was formed. Through the study of the Yuan Dynasty's "Marine Law", Chen Jiazhen believed that its purpose was to ensure that overseas trade could seek benefits for the country and the people, rather than seeking maritime hegemony. It can be regarded as a sign of the transformation of foreign policy from military to commercial. Yang Bin re-inspected the Song Dynasty ships discovered in Houzhu Port in Quanzhou in 1974, and believed that they should return from the Indian Ocean. Liu Pingsheng and Ge Jinfang believe that the booming trade and changes in the social and economic structure of the Song Dynasty were historical processes of two-way interaction. The industrial and commercial civilization closely linked to the Maritime Silk Road thrived in the south of the Yangtze River and the southeast, changing the competitive landscape of different civilizations in China in the 10th and 13th centuries. Wan Ming looked at the demise of the Ming Dynasty from a global perspective, believing that the decline of the market in the late Ming Dynasty was related to the breakdown of the silver supply chain in the global crisis in the 17th century, and became a hub that promoted the dynasty's revolution. Ni Yuping and Cui Sipeng believe that the formation of a thousand-mile tea ceremony in the Qing Dynasty, which greatly promoted the exchanges and interactions between China and Russia and other neighboring countries and regions in the Qing Dynasty. Xiang Yong believed that the foreign cultural exchanges and physical exchanges carried out by the Ming and Qing dynasties under the tribute system played a diplomatic role in cultural exchanges and cultural dissemination to a certain extent. Liu Qunyi examined beer translations from various countries in East Asia, believing that this study can enrich the regional and vertical perspectives of global history research.
Modern Chinese History
2021 Modern Chinese History Research reflects a distinct era, focusing on major empirical or theoretical issues such as the century-old party history, the history of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Xinhai Revolution , and the history of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
(I) Centennial Party History
First, a study on the history of the Communist Party of China’s 100 years of struggle. The world's major changes that have not been seen in a century are major changes in which crises coexist, opportunities are available in danger, and opportunities can be turned around. Qu Qingshan believes that seizing and making good use of the important strategic opportunity period for our country's development and maintaining and extending this important strategic opportunity period is a historical task before us. Shi Zhongquan believes that the 28 years of the Party leading the new democratic revolution are the 28 years of leading the people of all ethnic groups across the country to carry out the arduous struggle of the revolution in saving the country. China's development path is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, which is the choice of history and the choice of the people. Zhang Haipeng believes that the Communist Party of China has gone through 100 years. Although the road of China over the past century is difficult and tortuous, it is full of victory and joy. We still have to follow this path.
Second, establish a big historical view. Xia Chuntao believes that looking back at the glorious history of the Party uniting and leading the people to continue to strive for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation from a broad historical perspective, it can be seen that this is a realistic scientific conclusion. Chen Jinlong believes that to construct the 100-year historical discourse of the Communist Party of China, we must have a great historical view. Gao Changwu proposed that in order to deeply understand and correctly view the 100 years of the Communist Party of China, we must adhere to the great historical view of historical materialism . Guo Guoxiang . Guo Yi believes that to analyze the founding of the Communist Party of China, we must also adhere to the perspective of a broad historical perspective and examine it from the perspective of being based in China, looking around the world, and looking at the past and present.
Third, Research on the sinicization of Marxism. In the 1920s, when the founding of the Party, the Communist Party of China made significant achievements in all aspects and accumulated initial experience. Tang Zhengmang , Zhang Chunli believes that the theoretical achievements and practical experience of these ten years have laid an important theoretical and practical foundation for guiding the Chinese revolution to win the final victory. After the victory of the October Revolution in Russia, the spread and study of Marxism-Leninism became an important task for the Chinese Communists and advanced intellectuals at that time, and great achievements were made. Yu Zhanghua , Yu Yang, and Chen Hanying summarized the main characteristics of the dissemination and development of Marxism in China during the democratic revolution period.
Fourth, study on realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Xia Chuntao and Chen Tian believe that over the past hundred years, the Party has always led the people to overcome obstacles and work tirelessly, leading the Chinese nation from darkness to light, from suffering to glory, and ushering in a great leap from standing up, getting rich to becoming strong. Jin Minqing believes that the development of New China over the past 70 years has made the conditions for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation more and more fulfilling and the foundation is becoming more and more consolidated. Zhang Hongzhi believes that the Chinese Communists insist on using the Marxist materialistic dialectics and successfully combined it with the excellent traditional Chinese culture.
Fifth, study on the issue of party building. Returning to the historical starting point to trace the original intention of the founding of the Party will help better understand the original intention and mission of the Communist Party of China. Xiong Yuezhi believes that the Communist Party of China was founded in Shanghai and used Shanghai as an important activity base, and has long established the central government in Shanghai, which is related to multiple factors such as the powerful agglomeration function of modern Shanghai cities. Qu Jun believes that there are tens of millions of connections between Shanghai Shikumen and Nanhu Painting Boat, and these connections are the interaction between Shanghai and Jiangnan. Su Zhiliang believes that the founding of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai is the result of Shanghai's urban modernization, and the founding of the Communist Party of China and its colorful activities also constitute the colorful music of Shanghai's modern history.
Sixth, Research on the attributes of party history disciplines. Since the 21st century, it has gradually become a consensus in the academic community to build philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese style. Yang Fengcheng believes that the establishment of a first-level discipline "History and Theory of the Communist Party of China" is not only a need for discipline development, but also in line with the major strategic needs of the development of the Party and the country. Li Jinzheng believes that only by arranging party history to history and expanding the research objects and research content into "big party history", can we break through the limitations of traditional party history scholars. Li Liangyu believes that in terms of professional characteristics, the history of the Communist Party of China belongs to history.
(II) History of the Anti-Japanese War
2021 research on the Anti-Japanese War will continue to expand in the depth and breadth of research on the theory and methods of the Anti-Japanese War, "September 18th" Incident, , the Communist Party of China and the Anti-Japanese War, and the Great Rear Research.
First, reflection on the theory and method of research on the Anti-Japanese War. How to continue to promote, deepen and innovate research on the history of the War of Resistance Against Japan? Li Jinzheng believes that the study of the anti-Japanese war behind enemy lines between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party should highlight the CCP base, but a certain degree of attention should be paid to the Kuomintang's guerrilla war behind enemy lines. Huang Daoxuan called for strengthening research on individuals and focusing on the people. Yuan Chengyi believes that the current research results in the military history of the War of Resistance Against Japan are significantly less than those in other fields, and there is still room for further deepening and expansion. Wu Minchao believes that further promoting regional anti-Japanese history research should be a possible orientation to deepen the research on China's anti-Japanese history.
Second, Research on the "September 18th" Incident. 2021 marks the 90th anniversary of the outbreak of the "September 18th" Incident. Zang Yunhu believed that on the eve of the September 18th Incident, the Kwantung Army had already conceived a plan to rule by the Japanese and eventually occupy Manchuria and Mongolia. After the Incident, the Kwantung Army and the Central Army jointly determined the policy of supporting the puppet Manchuria puppet regime after occupying Manchuria and Mongolia. Chen Haiyi and Guo Zhaozhao believe that studying the "communist" factors in the "September 18th" incident through Lidun Investigation Group will help to deeply criticize the policy of "rest the country first for resisting foreign countries".
Third, Research on the leadership of the Communist Party of China in the Anti-Japanese War. The anti-Japanese national united front is a major initiative of the Communist Party of China to win the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, and is also an important window for understanding the development and growth of the Communist Party of China during the War of Resistance Against Japan. Ma Siyu believes that the Chinese Communist Party’s cognition, understanding, decision-making, execution and feedback on the anti-Japanese national united front is a systematic process, concentrated in the education of the anti-Japanese national united front.Jin Yilin believes that the foundation of the country, such as the national system, political system, class conditions, and national economic composition of the New China can all be found in the anti-Japanese base areas. Huang Zhenglin believes that with the arrival of the difficult period of the War of Resistance Against Japan, some places in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region have experienced "over-mobilization". For this reason, the Communist Party of China has launched a new mobilization model, which has enhanced the depth and breadth of mobilization.
Fourth, Research on the Anti-Japanese War in the occupied areas. Wang Meng believes that after the outbreak of the full-scale war of resistance, the Japanese military and political authorities established a North China Propaganda and Pacification Team, infiltrating the Japanese forces into the grassroots society in North China. The mass work of the Eighth Route Army became a key factor in preventing the Japanese and puppet forces from entering the grassroots society in the occupied areas of North China. Wang Fucong believed that during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Communist Party of China actively sought secret anti-Japanese activities by young students in cities occupied North China, and mobilized many students to go to base areas to participate in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression or secretly engage in anti-Japanese activities in cities occupied.
Fifth, research on the rear of the War of Resistance. Gao Shihua believes that the research results of the rear of the War of Resistance Against Japan are relatively concentrated in Chongqing, and hope that all regions will blossom and bear fruit in full. Pan Xun believes that indiscriminate bombing research in the rear of the War of Resistance Against Japan still has problems such as insufficient excavation and sorting of archival documents. Cao Bihong believes that the archives and materials of the Resources Committee collected from across the Taiwan Strait should be fully explored and used. Zhu Ying proposed that in order to obtain further development of the history of the War of Resistance Against Japan and the research on the rear of the War of Resistance Against Japan, expanding the research team is a way of obvious results. Chen Qianping believes that it is the primary task to make a scientific and accurate definition of the concept of "the great rear of the War of Resistance Against Japan". Xu Yong emphasized that research in the rear area needs to achieve a long-lasting and innovative cycle at home and abroad, at home and abroad, at disciplines, and at the team in deepening open research, and continuously obtain new academic achievements. Jiang Pei believes that the research on the financial system and industrial progress in the rear of the War of Resistance Against Japan is still relatively weak, and there is still much room for improvement. Zhang Sheng believes that although the combination of history and physics is abrupt, it may be an indisputable fact.
(III) Xinhai Revolution
2021 marks the 110th anniversary of the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution. Ma Min believes that it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive and comprehensive examination of the historical significance of the Xinhai Revolution to reveal the historical impact of the Xinhai Revolution. Wang Di believed that although the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution was accidental, the demise of the Qing Dynasty was long decided by its political system. Li Fan believes that the historical facts of the early history textbooks of the Republic of China mainly revolve around the establishment of the democratic republic system, emphasizing that the history of the establishment of the Republic of China and the end of the Qing Dynasty was the process of the democratic republic republic replacing the monarchy, which can be called a "republic" narrative. Zhao Libin believes that the reorganization of newly-College archives and published archives is of great significance to promoting the research on Sun Yat-sen and the Xinhai Revolution. Wang Chaoguang believes that in the context of the era of globalization, Sun Yat-sen’s international view and his industrial construction concept are more worthy of attention. Liao Dawei believed that Sun Yat-sen combined the essence of the ancient people-oriented thought with the human-oriented spirit in Western democratic political thought, and then formed his people-oriented thought based on the actual needs of the Chinese democratic revolution at that time.
(IV) History of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
2021 marks the 170th anniversary of the Jintian Uprising. The academic community focuses on the relevant theoretical research and related historical facts of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom . Xia Chuntao believes that the academic community should study and view the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom with a scientific attitude and get rid of the simplified model of deification or "demonization". Cui Zhiqing believes that Zeng Guofan suppressed the anti-Qing uprisings such as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and the Qing Dynasty also implemented the new Westernization Policy, but was unable to save the crisis. Jiang Tao believes that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom not only has "destruction" but also "establishment". Huaqiang , Bao Shufang exposed the true face of historical nihilism from many aspects. Wu Shanzhong believed that God's religion was a religion for peasants to express their political demands and political ideals during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom period. Gu Jiandi believes that if we correctly use the analytical method of materialist historical view to study the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom on the basis of fully possessing historical materials, we will not be confused by wrong thoughts. Liu Chen believes that the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is ultimately due to the huge gap in the overall strength of our enemies.
History of the People's Republic of China
In combination with the " Four Histories " learning, the academic community has paid attention to issues such as Chinese modernization, the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, and the Construction of the Third Line of .From October 14 to 15, 2021, the Chinese Journal of Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences held the first "Academic China" International Summit Forum. Yu Pei believes that Chinese-style modernization is a unique socialist modernization, the modernization of in developing countries in , and a super-large-scale modernization that completely changes the world's appearance. Qian Chengdan believes that China is taking its own path, a path of modernization centered on people. Huang Qunhui believes that China's industrialization construction led by the Communist Party of China has achieved brilliant historic achievements, which have great historical and world significance. Li Wen believes that from the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, on the basis of continuously enriching the content of "well-off" content, the phased goals of "Chinese-style" modernization were proposed in a timely manner, ensuring the continuity and stability of the national strategy. In 2021, "A Brief History of the Communist Party of China", "H Brief History of the People's Republic of China ", "A Brief History of Reform and Opening-up", and "H Brief History of Socialist Development" were published one after another, which is of great significance for the majority of party members, cadres and the masses to better learn and understand history, establish a correct historical view, and more consciously adhere to learning from history and creating the future.
Zhu Jiamu divides the history of the People's Republic of China into five periods, believing that with the continuous development of history, the periodization and limits in the future will definitely be different from the present. Song Yuehong emphasized that the "Resolution on Several Historical Issues of the Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China" deeply contains the Party's epistemology and methodology on Party history and the history of New China. Yang Dongquan believed that the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea was the founding of the country in New China and the Battle of the People's Liberation Army. Shi Zhongquan believes that in the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, the Chinese People's Volunteer Army not only demonstrated the military prestige of the People's Army, but also demonstrated the national prestige of the New China, making the Chinese people stand up with great confidence.
Focusing on how to strengthen the construction of the third line, Duan Wei discussed the construction of the third line from the historical geography dimension, and conducted macro analysis on the construction of the third line from the global historical geographic structure, from the domestic historical geographical pattern, from the perspective of micro-hierarchical geography, from the perspective of the location of the third line enterprises, from the development of municipal and towns in the past four decades, and from the perspective of the development of the third line enterprises in the third line, and from the perspective of the spatial flow of historical talents, the development of the third line regions. Zhang Yong believes that researchers from different disciplines should take "people" as the core of research, use research methods that combine literature analysis and field surveys to conduct comprehensive research on the construction of the third line from a multi-dimensional perspective such as time, space, society and home and guest positions. Zhou Xiaohong pointed out that oral history can relate individuals to society, the country and the times. In third-line research, oral history can be used as a method, which can forge researchers' sociological imagination from multiple levels. Chen Chao reflected on the research from the perspective of political science and proposed to improve the third-line construction from the two aspects of exploring theoretical value and introducing diverse research methods and tools. Xu Youwei proposed to explore the third-line construction and studied historical materials, and systematically sorted out official documents such as archives, factory journals, newspapers, local journals, industry journals, folk documents such as oral historical materials, diaries, work notes, memoirs, as well as video historical materials, network information and other materials. From the perspective of the human settlement environment discipline, Tan Gangyi discussed the built environment of the third line construction, its heritage, the protection and regeneration of built heritage, and proposed to apply theories and methods such as genealogy, morphology, and typology to the research. Qin Ying pointed out that during the land acquisition process of key projects in the third-line construction, the engineering construction department adheres to the principle of people-oriented and giving benefits to the people. Through close communication and cooperation with local governments at all levels, it not only implements the policies, but also ensures the smooth progress of land compensation, immigration relocation and engineering construction.
Overall, the research results of Chinese history in 2021 have fruitful results and many highlights, laying a solid foundation for in-depth cultivation in related fields in the future. At the same time, it should also be seen that how to further highlight the ideological nature of empirical research, strengthen the introduction of original results, and effectively promote the organic combination of theory and empirical research is still a problem that needs to be paid attention to and solved in the next step.
Written by: Chao Tianyi, Zhang Yunhua, Xu Xin, Wu Xuebin, Guo Fei
Author: Department of History of China Journal of Social Sciences
Source: China Social Sciences Network
