Tourists' tourism
Guichi District Dunshang Street Luocheng Village is famous for its "Luocheng Folk Song". Two years ago, relying on the natural resources of Zhuhu Jiang natural village, the local area focused on building the "Folk Songs Township • Jiuhua Station" Luocheng Cultural Tourism Pastoral Complex, singing a new song of rural revitalization.
Luocheng Cultural Tourism Pastoral Complex Project is 6.12 square kilometers, involving a total of 10 natural villages and more than 400 farmers. It is mainly composed of economic fruit forests, ornamental flower seas, sightseeing trains, health care B&B , Jiuhua Tiangong Resort, agricultural product processing and display center, etc. It will be built on April 16, 2020, with a total investment of approximately 1.5 billion yuan.
On April 19, 2021, Wei, who works at Dunshang Central School, invited me and Yang to visit Jiang Village in Zhuhu. The Luocheng Cultural Tourism Pastoral Complex Project has begun to show its scale. More than 1,000 acres of specialty fruits such as Jinxin apple pears and " Red Beauty " oranges are planted in . The pastoral flower sea is so beautiful that it is fascinating. The ancient village is well protected. Relying on ancient buildings, Zhuhu Jiangbaoshan Square and Ancient Ginkgo Plaza were built, Baoshan Tian Cave and Di Cave were developed, and Baoshan Fitness Trail was built, further improving the environment of Zhuhu Jiang Village. Student Wei has a poem "Praise of Zhuhu Jiangcun" as evidence:
Tiancai Baoshan is particularly beautiful, thousand-year-old ginkgo enters the sky. The arch bridge is surrounded by ancient style, and the women's archway is of high quality. Green dragons on all sides hug each other, playing flutes and singing songs in the sea of bamboo. Renjie Guichi Four surnames, and the land spirit culture and tourism are heroic.
zhuhujiang Longyan Spring Vision
In 2010, when I was studying at Chizhou TV University, I conducted research on the cultural heritage of Guichi Luocheng folk songs, the artistic characteristics of Guichi Luocheng folk songs, and the development prospects of Guichi Luocheng folk songs, and completed a paper. For more than ten years, I have been paying attention to the development and changes of Luocheng. I have compiled this paper appropriately and shared as follows:
1. Cultural heritage of Guichi Luocheng folk songs
Luocheng is located in the southeast of Chizhou , surrounded by mountains on all sides, connected to Jiuhua Mountain, the holy land of Buddhism. It is located in Xuqiao and Tongxi areas southeast of Dunshang Street, Guichi District, with about 1,115 households and a population of more than 3,700. The water network here is woven, surrounded by Butterfly Mountain, Jinji Mountain, Chuanfeng Mountain and Lotus Mountain are like screens and are listed like cities, closely linked to the "bridge" of Xuqiao, the "river" of Tongxi, and the "river" of Zhuhu. Throughout history, this hot land has nurtured generations of handsome men and beautiful women, inheriting the famous intangible cultural treasure - Luocheng folk song.
Politician and Chizhou native Wu Yingji in the "Preface to the Volume Garden Poems": "Ziyi folk songs have been recited for ten years as if they were once, and this poem is among the people." There are also lyrics in Luocheng folk songs, "If you don't sing for a day, a three-year-old child will be anxious to grow old." " mountain songs were originally left by the ancients, and left to future generations to relieve their sorrows", which shows that Luocheng folk songs have a long history.
Anhui has the saying "singing the south and dancing the north", and its "southern song" refers to the folk songs of Luocheng, Guichi. After the founding of New China, the creation, organization, adaptation and singing of Luocheng folk songs flourished, and outstanding singers who enjoyed reputation in the province and the whole country emerged in various places. Jiang Xiuzhen is his outstanding representative.
From the 1950s to the 1980s, a group of folk singers represented by Jiang Xiuzhen were active in the mountains and fields, vividly expressing the characteristics of the times and the enthusiasm for labor, and singing folk songs out of the countryside, singing them into the land of Jianghuai, and singing them into the Zhongnanhai, and being cordially received by Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and other first generation of leaders of the party and the country.
Luocheng folk songs were once selected by Anhui Province and participated in the fifth "Shanghai Spring" concert; provincial, prefecture, county and other propaganda and cultural units have held song competitions in Luocheng, and a large number of new folk songs have emerged; Luocheng folk songs have participated in more than 30 various songs and poetry competitions, and the publication of Jiang Xiuzhen's folk song collection "Mountain Songs Singing to Beijing City" established the position of Luocheng folk songs in cultural history. After that, Luocheng folk songs have become famous overseas by media recommendations.
Luocheng folk songs occupy an important position in Anhui folk songs and are the organizational part of Chinese folk music. Luocheng folk songs, accompanied by the history of Guichi Luocheng, have been sung from ancient times to today.
The historical value of Luocheng folk songs lies in recording the natural and humanistic environments of different eras and different periods, and has certain reference value for the study of local history. For example, "The Shoulder and Back Cang Guoqi Fang" reflects the decline and turmoil in the late Qing Dynasty, the people's livelihood and displacement, and there are "Three Dings Dings Build the Great Wall" and "Swearing Warlords".
Luocheng folk songs are grown among the folk and popular among the folk. They are a regional culture. Therefore, they have diverse genres, rich content, and have high artistic value. They are worthy of study.
2. The artistic characteristics of Guichi Luocheng folk songs
Luocheng folk songs have a wide range of themes and rich content. They are based on all aspects of life, and enter the palace of art with the fragrance of soil and a rich atmosphere of life. There are songs that vent their hard work, such as "The Song of Changgong" and "The Song of Shangliang", etc.; there are songs that reflect current affairs, such as "Ten Songs of Taiping Army", "Sparks of the Landlords at First Seen", "The People's Commune is the Golden Bridge", "Mountain Songs to Beijing City", etc.; there are songs that have proverbs and ethics, such as " Shiliting ", "Young Wife Relying on Parents and In-laws", "Saving Time", etc.; there are songs that express love, such as "Ten Loved Men", "A Lamp on the Mountain in the Morning Star", etc.; there are songs that express love , such as "Curroring Crows", "Hairing a Bird", "Song of the Cowherd's Songs against the Mountain", etc.; there are songs that describe historical legends, such as "Singing the Ancients", "Ten Fans Embroidering the Ancients", "Mr. Chen Listen to Me Singing the Mountain Song", etc.; there are songs that praise the human landscape, such as "A Hundred Tanks of Ginger in Zhuhu Lake", "Ten Scenerys of Guichi", "Many Legends on the Chuanfeng Mountain", etc.; there are songs that praise the Party and praise the new life, such as "Singing in the New Countryside", "Spring of Happiness", "Thinking about the Party", "Newly Wrought Vegetable Moss", etc.
Luocheng folk songs have rich characteristics and beautiful rhymes. Their main forms include mountain songs, horns, and minor . The lyrics of mountain songs are mostly improvised and generally have upper and lower structures. Luocheng folk songs have relatively free and relaxed melody. The song is often yelling at the beginning and end. The singing style is mostly solo. Later, with the intervention of contemporary music workers, the melody of the small quick-pong was matched in the original acoustic cavity, so that the lead, backing and dancing while performing on stage. Luocheng folk songs are mostly five-tone fine-tuning styles, basically "flat-tuning", which is one of the characteristics of Luocheng folk songs. For example, "Catching the Cattle Slowly" is widely sung in Luocheng.
Luocheng is widely sung, which is mainly closely combined with heavy physical labor. For example, horns, horns, horns, horns, horns, rowing horns, etc. The main horns popular in Luocheng area include "Yanghaozi" and "Jiuhua Yangge", which have free rhythm, loud and high-pitched melody, and the singing form is "one leader and the crowd sing". The horns and the harmony sing alternately appear, mainly with two lyrics, and the seven-character sentences are more suitable for the words and sentences.
There are so many folk songs in Luocheng, and it is the minor tune. It can be said that "there are songs everywhere". There are nearly a hundred kinds of tunes alone. These minor tunes have regular forms, strong melody, beautiful tunes and diverse styles. It is simple, gorgeous, humorous, or stingy. There are various types and a wide range of subjects. The content involved is mostly agricultural affairs and customs. He often sings the four seasons, the fifth update, the ten love, the ten hate, the ten embroidery and December, which include all aspects of life, especially the love themes of young men and women, which account for a large proportion. It can be said that folk songs are the essential reflection of people's sentiments, hearts, customs and livelihood. The minor tunes popular in Luocheng are divided into custom songs, love songs, children's songs, singing and dancing rap , etc.
Luocheng folk songs are smooth, the structure is regular, and the rhythm is full of change. Its lyrics are musical and artistic, popular and lifelike, close to people's emotions, are happy to sing and are easy to popular. In the late 1970s, the song "I only envy the mandarin ducks and pairs" in the movie "Three Smiles" was written based on the tune of "Three Girls Wearing Socks" (also known as "Sigh Five Updates" and "Sister Loves the Sweets") sung in Luocheng; the song "I am with you and the earth" was written based on the tune of "Second Girl Selling Dumplings" in Luocheng folk songs, which shows the wide range of radiation and deep influence of Luocheng folk songs.
Folk songs are the original mother of all music and art. Generally speaking, in the long river of our country's history, the music culture of every period has its own representative form. It is difficult to examine in detail when the Luocheng folk songs began and where they originated.But from the gaps in history, some information has been revealed:
During the Tianbao period of the Tang Dynasty, the great romantic poet Li Bai wrote a large number of poems when he traveled to Chizhou. There are seventeen poems alone, and two of them mentioned Chizhou folk songs. It is like "A man listened to the girl picking the riverside and returned home with a song at night." That night song must be a touching love song. For example, "A moonlit night, the song moves the cold river." This describes the miners working while singing while singing, and the song flutters on the cold water.
From the folk proverb that narrates "Chizhou Nuo" in history, "one is the source of Li, two is Zhuhu Jiang, three is Maotandu, and four is Yuan and Four Chapters" it seems that Luocheng folk songs are quite prosperous in Ming Dynasty . Because Chizhou Nuo Opera was popular during the Jialong period of the Ming Dynasty, and one of the main accents of Nuo Opera was developed based on local folk songs. When Xu Wei, a great scholar in the Ming Dynasty, mentioned the vocal sing of Nan Opera in "Nan Ci Xulu", he said: "The talks about the city in the city"; "It is made by the small songs of the village"; "It is just a bad farmer, and the city girl can only sing."
There are also opera couplets in Chizhou Nuo Opera: "Village songs, community dances, and jokes in the same way." This shows that the Nuo operas of various clans in Chizhou, which have survived for at least 600 years, have absorbed local folk songs as their main voice, namely Nuo opera. The same should be true for Zhuhu Jiang's Nuo opera voice. According to folk singer Jiang Xiuzhen, she has loved watching Nuo opera in her hometown since she was a child. To this day, she can still sing some Nuo opera tones, which are of course derived from Luocheng folk songs.
3. Thoughts on the development prospects of Guichi Luocheng folk songs
From the 1970s to the early 1990s, due to institutional and historical reasons, Luocheng folk songs entered a trough. But with the efforts of knowledgeable people and old artists, Luocheng folk songs are still developing in difficulties.
In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, especially in the past decade, Chizhou City has placed cultural construction in an important position in economic and social development, taking exploring local characteristic culture as the entry point, and strives to create regional cultural brands and promote the great development of the cultural tourism industry.
30 years ago, Jiang Xiuzhen, a famous folk singer in the country, sang folk songs to Beijing. 30 years later, a folk singer Jiang Mengyu and her granddaughter Wang Shuo appeared at the special concert of the "National Quintess and Original Ecology" of the 29th World Music Conference. Chizhou folk songs are resurrected when the dead trees are springing, and Luocheng folk songs have attracted a good opportunity for popularization and development.
Although Chizhou has created a regional cultural brand and promoted the great development of the cultural tourism industry, it has attracted a good opportunity to popularize and develop Luocheng folk songs. But the popularity of Luocheng folk songs in the local area is still worrying.
The first generation folk singer Jiang Xiuzhen, female, born in October 1935, from Luocheng, Guichi, Anhui Province, graduated from China's correspondence university for folk culture, a member of the Communist Party of China, a national famous folk singer, and a national second-level singer. She admitted that shortage of funds and no successors have become recognized problems in the protection of intangible cultural heritage. As the older generation of singers ages or dies one after another, Luocheng folk songs are also facing the dilemma of lack of successors, no loud voices, and even missing faults. Over the past few decades, in addition to cultivating second and third generations of newcomers, Jiang Xiuzhen has mainly conducted careful theoretical research and published thousands of poems and essays in newspapers and magazines such as " People's Daily ", " People's Literature ", " Poetry Magazine ", "Chinese Literature English Edition", and "Folk Literature". Popularization and development of Luocheng folk songs cannot meet the needs of relying solely on the elderly such as Jiang Xiuzhen to teach their disciples.
Jiang Mengyu, female, born in Luocheng, Gexiang in 1957, is a second-generation folk singer (now Jiang Village, Zhuhu, Zhuhu, Dunshang Street, Guichi District, Chizhou City). She has a junior high school education. When she was a teenager, her uncle often taught her to sing country songs. She likes beautiful and easy-to-sing and easy-to-study folk songs such as "The Delicate Vegetable" and "Hand-holding Railing". The whole family loves Luocheng folk songs, and his granddaughter Wang Shuo often performs with him on the same stage. In early 2010, with the support of the village committee, Chizhou TV University and all sectors of society also provided great help. Jiang Mengyu and her husband Jiang Songwang set up a folk song school in the village at their own expense, and she regards inheriting Luocheng folk songs as a responsibility.This may bring a glimmer of hope to the popularization of Luocheng folk songs, but how long can this folk school last?
In 2006, Luocheng folk songs were included in the Anhui Province Intangible Cultural Heritage List and applied for the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List. In December 2007, the Guichi Luocheng Folk Song Research Association of Chizhou City was established. With this research association, there will be more hope for popularizing and developing Luocheng folk songs. However, it will be a serious topic to study how to raise mass entertainment to a certain level.
Guichi Luocheng Folk Song Research Association, Folk Song School, etc. should work with schools in several townships around the birthplace of Luocheng folk songs with the support of the government, and compile local textbooks for Luocheng folk songs on the basis of fully investigating, collecting and organizing folk song materials and include them in the school-based curriculum. First, write the history of Luocheng folk songs and introduce and promote Luocheng folk songs; second, select Luocheng folk songs to write music textbooks or process and make CDs; third, Guichi Luocheng Folk Song Research Association and Folk Song School are responsible for folk song training for primary and secondary school music teachers, which will be a long-term task of the research association; fourth, use traditional festivals to regularly hold Luocheng folk song concerts mainly in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens.
Chizhou tourism industry has developed from a single sightseeing tour in the past to a variety of tourism models such as leisure and vacation, folk cultural experience, and the connotation of tourism is constantly enriched. Guichi's Nuo operas, Luocheng folk songs, etc. can all show Guichi's folk customs. At present, among the completed tourist attractions, there are already stages in the national 4A-level Jiuhua Tianchi Scenic Area and Xinghua Village Gujing Garden Scenic Area to provide tourists with Nuo opera, folk songs and opera performances, which have been well received by tourists. There are also stages in the completed Shimen High Scenic Area, Xiushanmen , and Dawangdong projects, which further demonstrate the regional culture of Guichi through the performance of folk songs.
Guichi Luocheng is located in Jiuhua Mountain Scenic Area and has unique regional advantages. Therefore, the local government should organically combine popularization and development of Luocheng folk songs with promoting the cultural and tourism industry. First, include Luocheng folk songs in the tour guide training work plan, and strengthen training on the folk song literacy of tour guides; second, explore the tourist landscape of the birthplace of Luocheng folk songs and carry out a "farmhouse" one-day tour; third, not only should the stage be built in scenic spots, but also the Luocheng folk song pairs of songs venues, and hold regular song meetings.
Guichi Luocheng folk songs are a treasure of Chizhou's local culture. Like Chizhou's Nuo Opera and Qingyang Opera , it is an important organizational part of the traditional Chinese culture. It is urgent to rescue Luocheng folk songs and systematically protect, research and develop Luocheng folk songs.
In the past decade, singer Jiang Xiuzhen and other old artists have mainly conducted careful theoretical research, and cultivating new people is often limited. Singing folk songs is often the inheritance of masters and apprentices. Without apprentices, one will face loss. Singer Jiang Mengyu and other old artists focus on teaching singing, which is beneficial to cultivating novices, but is less theoretical research. It is hoped that relevant departments will formulate a reward system for learning to sing Luocheng folk songs, and at the same time record the production process of the current seniors, leaving valuable learning materials for later scholars.
It is understood that ten years ago, a young singer who learned to sing Luocheng folk songs was admitted to the drama school with the support of some entrepreneurs. For more than a decade, these young singers should have achieved success in their studies. The future of Luocheng folk songs lies with them. I hope these young singers can continue to engage in the popularization and development of Luocheng folk songs after learning them. Therefore, the Guichi Luocheng Folk Song Research Association should widely absorb folk singers who can sing folk songs, carry out cooperation and exchanges, organize and explore Luocheng folk songs, and make them carry forward.
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