Seeing this situation, Zheng State was afraid and quickly sent an envoy to seek peace. The defensive side Zheng Parliament has offered generous conditions for summoning.
However, Jin State was not for the benefit given by Zheng State. In this battle, Jin State wanted to play a big game: by attacking Zheng State, he brought his elder brother Chu State in. Defeat the Chu State and then occupy the position of the hegemon of the Central Plains once and for all. During
, Xun Ying came up with a clever plan. finally defeated the superpower Chu State with the help of a small incision and low-intensity war, and ended the century-old battle between Jin and Chu once and for all.
This trick is "Three Drivings" , which proposed to have played a unique influence in the wars at that time and even later generations.
Jinchu battle
Total war or war of attrition?
575 BC Battle of Yanling was the last concentrating main force in the battle for hegemony between Jin and Chu. The battle ended with the Chu Communist King being shot blinded in one eye, and the Chu army was defeated and returned.
Shortly after the war ended, the newly ascended Duke Dao of Jin began to fall into deep thought. How can we resolve the dispute between Jin and Chu once and for all, so that the Chu State will no longer have the possibility of a comeback?
The two countries compete for hegemony, and Zheng State is the focus. Whoever controls Zheng State will take the strategic initiative.
This attack on Zheng is a test. Jin Daogong believed that the State of Chu would never sit idly by.
Because Zheng State is located in the throat of the Central Plains, the dispute over the Central Plains overlords of Jin and Chu will inevitably revolve around Zheng State. Whoever controls Zheng State will have the strategic initiative.
is located in Hulao Pass in Zheng State: One man is in the pass and ten thousand men do not open it
1. Zhongxingyan suggested to do his best in one battle
When the army general Zhongxingyan saw that if he was running to seek peace at the door of someone else's house, the Jin army would have to go back home. How could he catch the big fish of Chu?
"Now is a good time to surround the point and fight for help. Lord, we must do our best. By continuing to siege Zheng, we will attract Chu to rescue him, and then we will ambush him with ease, and a great victory will be at your fingertips. If we just shake hands and make peace, wouldn't it be a waste of effort?"
If we follow the practice of Zhongxingyan, that large-scale war will inevitably be avoided. But the question is, does Jin really have the confidence to go to war with the superpower Chu?
2. Xun Ying proposed the "three driving forces"
. The Central Army Marshal Xun Ying made completely different suggestions.
"No, no, what we need is not a full-scale war." said Xun Ying, general of the Shangjun. "We need to consume the vitality of Chu through continuous consumption. This is better than frontal combat!"
Xun Ying proposed that we should use the tricks and form an alliance with Zheng first. Then the State of Chu will definitely attack Zheng, and then compete for Zheng. The Jin army divided into three parts and took turns to attack and invade Chu. Over time, if you don’t waste Chu, you will also disturb Chu.
"Three Drivings" was proposed for the first time.
classic case of attacking aid around the point: Surrounding Wei to save Zhao
let Chu State shed the last drop of blood
two solutions, which one is better? Duke Dao of Jin had to think carefully.
1. A full-scale war that makes people sweat
At the beginning, most court officials did not agree with the "three driving forces".
They believe that after the Battle of Yanling, Jin had already gained an absolute advantage over Chu. We should take advantage of the situation, completely defeat Chu, and reshape the hegemony of Jin.
The more ministers agreed to go to war in full swing, the more uneasy Duke Dao of Jin felt a little uneasy: You should know that his predecessor Duke Li of Jin was killed by his nobles, and he, the "airborne soldier" who had returned from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and had no foundation, had only ascended the throne for ten years.
In order to consolidate its position, Duke Dao of Jin thought of many ways, including promoting reforms in new fields, supporting the children of the Jin office, etc. But at present, it is obvious that Duke Dao of Jin has not yet controlled the situation.
——The outside is strong and the middle is strong, it seems strong but it is weak. It seems that Jin State is very powerful, but in fact the team is dispersed. In the battle of delay, when facing the Qin army, Luan Gun, the lower general of the Jin army, violated the order and retreated at the war, which actually led to the Jin army retreating across the board.Under the background of
, if you fight Qiang Chu head-on, how sure can Duke Dao of Jin be able to win?
Obviously, the pro-war faction has ulterior motives. If the war fails, these ambitious war factions will unscrupulously develop their own forces while the Jin office is weakened. If the "three families divide Jin" may come early.
After the Battle of Yanling, internal conflicts in Jin deepened
2. The choice of Duke Dao of Jin
In the novel "Gu Wangyan" in the early years of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, a fragment was recorded in the 22nd chapter.
Li Zicheng and failed to return to the camp and said angrily: "I have never been defeated many times since I was on the battlefield. I was defeated in Liuhe before, but today I missed the opportunity here again. How can I find this breath?" Li Yan said: "Why should the king care about victory and defeat? Today, he was attacked by enemies from all sides, so he was injured and broken. Tomorrow he will rest his troops for a day, and he will see a win or loss with him the next day. We have several times more troops and horses. If we use the method of reversing the rules, there is no reason to win or defeat." Li Zicheng said: "What is the method of reversing the rules?"
Li Yan said: "Divid our troops into three teams, first go out to fight the enemy. After about two hours, the second team went up and replaced the first team into the battalion for a while. After another two hours, the third team went up and replaced the second team to rest. The first team was replaced and the transport team changed to the third team to receive the killing. Even though we fought for three days and nights, the people were not tired. I was very relaxed, but he was very tired. The energy of the man was limited. Can he survive the three teams of our teams? He wanted to divide the troops, but there were few people but he did not dare. This was the method of exhaustion from the three Jins." Li Zicheng was very happy when he heard this.
Facing a strong enemy, Li Zicheng suffered two consecutive defeats. At a dangerous moment, the gold medal military advisor Li Yan proposed a clever plan: divide his troops into three teams, and replace one team every two hours to meet the enemy. In this way, the opponent fought against the other side for three days and nights. Their troops were fully rested and became more and more brave, while the opponent's army was in a difficult situation. Due to insufficient personnel, the opponent was unable to separate out three teams to deal with it. So the other party was slowly dragged down.
This uses the strategy of "three driving forces" to be exhausted. Through wheel battles, the enemy is in a tired and negative state and its combat effectiveness is greatly reduced. And our side has received sufficient rest and morale is high. In this way, you can defeat your opponent at a smaller price. A combat method like
takes longer, but is more secure. In the end, Duke Dao of Jin finally adopted Xun Ying's "three-horse fatigue" strategy.
Facts have proved that Duke Dao of Jin's choice was completely correct. Every time the Jin army sent an army, the Chu State devoted its whole country to the fight. After several rounds and backs, the Chu army was useless and its combat effectiveness dropped significantly. Due to the long-term large-scale military use in China, the economy declined and the national strength declined. The State of Chu changed from offense to comprehensive contraction defense, and never entered the hinterland of the Central Plains again.
. In this process, Jin State suffered no losses. Duke Dao of Jin restored the hegemony of Jin by weakening Chu, and his dominance in Jin was also consolidated.
Jinguo Restoration
Command efficiency upgrade
Three-way fatigue can succeed, which is the advantage of management efficiency in military operations.
1. Coordination and command empower combat effectiveness
three-way fatigue, which is essentially a defensive counterattack strategy.
takes turns to zero, constantly consumes the opponent's vitality, preparing for the final fatal blow.
In terms of specific operations, has very distinct characteristics:
1, in a weak situation. When you are at a clear disadvantage in strength, or have little obvious advantages, or have concerns about being afraid of taking risks, the use of this strategy is excellent. By breaking the whole into pieces and launching limited wars, it can achieve the effect of controlling the scale of the war and amplifying the impact of the strike.
2. Efficient command. The three leaders have high requirements for command, and it is inevitable that the frequency of command will be increased to achieve precise coordination. Transform command advantages and information advantages into combat advantages. If you do not have these command advantages, you will be at risk of being defeated by each one.
3, Defensive counterattack. After three points of the army, the attacking army obviously did not have the strength to attack strategically, and mainly only carried out harassment, thus forming an active defense situation.
The advantages of this strategy of are also obvious:
1. Take the initiative in the war. Harassment mainly focuses on attacking the other party's economic and transportation strategic goals, allowing the local social and economic development to "zero" and leaving the other party's army exhausted. Just like Wing Chun, an attack may not be fatal, but constantly attacking the same target quickly and continuously will eventually have a fatal attack effect.
2. Higher cost-effectiveness. When the enemy is harassed for a long time, its combat effectiveness will inevitably decline significantly. At this time, the morale of our side, launching a sudden attack is like a "dimensionality reduction strike", and it will definitely achieve a greater victory at a small cost.
2. Used many times, and the praises are buzzing
. The strategy of three-way fatigue is very effective and effective. It has been used many times in the subsequent long history.
1, Wu Pochu
Three-way fatigue Chu once again exerted amazing power more than 50 years after it was proposed.
In 506 BC, King Helu of Wu led 30,000 elite troops to attack Chu. After five battles and five victories, he captured the capital of Chu. The reason why
is so smooth is that King Helu of Wu adopted the three-way strategy of Wu Zixu .
"Zuo Zhuan·The Thirty Years of Zhaogong" records that King Helu of Wu asked Wu Yuan: "'What is the case for attacking Chu?" He replied: 'Chu ruled in many ways and is not suitable for trouble. If you use three divisions to surround it, one division will come, and they will all come out. If they leave, they will return, and they will go out. Chu will be blocked. He quickly stopped it (tired) and mistake it for many ways. After the three armies are discontinued, he will be able to defeat it.' Helu followed it, and Chu began to get sick."
Wu Zixu believed that there were too many ministers in Chu and they were not in harmony with each other, and no one dared to stand up and take responsibility. So Wu Zixu suggested dividing the Wu army into three teams, allowing them to take turns to attack Chu, and inducing Chu to mobilize all its troops to defend. Over time, the Chu army did not get any breath and was in a state of exhaustion for a long time, and its combat effectiveness dropped significantly.
So, in just 6 years, the Wu army captured Chudu.
2, Zhuge Liang Northern Expedition
From 228 to 234 AD, Zhuge Liang led the Shu army to launch five Northern Expeditions against Cao Wei . During the
period, all kinds of exciting things are endless. There are also faint street pavilions and Dingjun Mountains; there are empty city plans and Wuzhangyuan.
But all these are just a glimmer of survival opportunities that Zhuge Liang fought for for Shu Kingdom. Wei is strong and Shu is weak. If it is allowed to develop naturally, the gap between the two countries will become increasingly wide.
Hanzhong is steep, easy to defend and difficult to attack, and Weidu Luoyang is 6 or 700 kilometers away from Hanzhong. This made Wei State feel a headache: the place is too remote. If it is to stick to it for a long time, it is necessary to maintain a huge transportation supply line and consume Cao Wei's people, money and property in it little by little. Therefore, Cao Wei believed that Hanzhong and other places should not act rashly, and launching large-scale troops will cause chaos in the world and consume a huge amount of money.
So Zhuge Liang seized Cao Wei's mentality of "not being able to defend, not being able to attack" and consumed Cao Wei's vitality through the Northern Expedition, hindering Cao Wei's economic recovery. This caused the economic development in northwest Cao Wei to stagnate and agricultural production to wither. Cao Wei quickly turned into a defensive posture, and for a long time, he almost had the strength to attack Shu Kingdom in full.
3, Fan Zhongyan 's "Sixteen-character Skills"
During the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to fight against the Liao army heading south, Fan Zhongyan strongly advised to strengthen the defense of the city, high the city and deep the pond, and fully guarantee the security of the Northern Song Dynasty court.
At the same time, Fan Zhongyan proposed the "sixteen-character formula" of confrontation: avoid it when it is sharp, disturb it when it is sleepy, startle it when it is scared when it is away, and follow it when it is gone.
By harassing the invading Liao army, it cannot advance or retreat, it is exhausted, its combat effectiveness declines, and its ability to invade. This is the inheritance and development of the three-horse strategy, which consumes and drags down the enemy through lasting harassment. Therefore, the best results of attacking the enemy with low consumption. This is the "complete strategy for protecting the country and ensuring peace in the world".
Later, Song general Wu Lin also used this method to fight against the Jin soldiers. In every decisive battle, Wu Lin always allowed the Jin soldiers to attack first. After entering the favorable terrain, he sent elite soldiers and powerful generals to harass the Jin soldiers in batches, which made the Jin soldiers exhausted and their morale greatly reduced.Then when the Jin soldiers were dragged to the point of fatigue, they suddenly attacked the enemy, thus winning a complete victory in one fell swoop.
Wu Chu’s decisive battle: The Battle of Bai Ju
Conclusion: Take advantage, defeat the strong with the weak
Yang Wanli wrote in "Sending Zuo Yuan Rules to Taichang": "Don't fight against the three lords of Jin Hou, Xue Hou three arrows to the Tianshan Mountains are flat."
gave a high evaluation of the three lords of three lords.
Xun Ying also advised Duke Dao of Jin that if he fought with Chu now, it would inevitably lead to heavy casualties. Smart people win by wisdom, and foolish people fight by brute force.
is obviously tired of the three forces, which should be a very effective skill.
divided the team into three and four, thus breaking the whole into zero, effectively controlling the scale of the war.
is efficiently commanded and coordinated accurately. Improve your combat effectiveness to a higher level.
allows the enemy's combat effectiveness to be reduced again and again through continuous harassment.
finally seized the opportunity and launched a fatal blow.
This is the key to the State of Jin finally dragging down Chu, locking in the victory, and then restoring the position of hegemony.
