Ancient Dongou Kingdom, an old county in Yongjia.
Wenzhou , an ancient city with 5,000 years of history of fish farming civilization and 2,200 years of urban development. In this ancient small town, the unique urban style, rich historical and cultural heritage books bring about the splendid Ou cultural poems, which have been passed down for thousands of years and are full of vitality.
According to historical records, from the time span from the Dongou Kingdom to more than 2,000 years at the end of the 20th century, there were also many Wenzhou people who had important influence in my country's history, or non-Wenzhou historical figures who had deep connections with Wenzhou. They are studying, officials, literature, art, or epoch-making monuments, or laying the foundation of a country, or setting a precedent for the atmosphere, or forming a family, which is brilliant and grand, and worth remembering them one by one when our descendants look up at the starry sky of history. The editor has selected some of the celebrities. Let’s take a look at the following: Do you know all the historical and cultural celebrities of Wenzhou, such as ?
博
博 未博 (birth and death year unknown), his name is Wuyu, a descendant of King Goujian of Yue, and a person during the Qin and Han dynasties. According to the "Biography of the East Yue" and "Chronology of the Great Master's Meritorious Officials and Marquis" in "Records of the Grand Historians", Zuo Yao led the Ou people to revolt and joined the anti-Qin team to jointly overthrow the Qin Dynasty. Later, he participated in the dispute between Chu and Han, helping Emperor Gaozu of Han Liu Bang to defeat Xiang Yu. Because Zuo Yao made contributions to pacifying Qin and assisting Han Dynasty, he was named Marquis of Haiyang in the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu (201 BC). In the third year of Emperor Hui of Han (192 BC), he was promoted to the King of Donghai and established the capital of Dongou, commonly known as Dongou King. Its region is equivalent to Wenzhou, Lishui and Taizhou today.
Zuoyao is good at governance and diligent development, which changed the "tattoo" of the Ou people and feed on snakes, frogs, fish and clams. It made great contributions to the early economic and cultural development of Ou Yue and was praised as the "ancestor of Dongou humanities". To commemorate his achievements in opening up, every year on the eighth day of the third lunar month, there is a folk custom of parading the statue of the Dong'ou King on the streets and driving disasters and praying for blessings. Today, the Dong'ou King Temple is built at the foot of the Shoushan Mountain in Huagai, Wenzhou City, and the Dong'ou King Tomb is built at Oupu Ridge in the western suburbs.
Guo Pu
Guo Pu (276-324), whose courtesy name is Jingchun, is Wenxi people in Shanxi. A famous scholar in the Jin Dynasty. "Book of Jin·Biography of Guo Pu" says: "I like classics, erudition and talent, but I am reluctant to speak, and my words are the best of the revival of the Chinese language. I like ancient Chinese and strange characters, and I am wonderful in the calculation of Yin and Yang calendar." At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, I avoided wars and chaos in the southeast. After Emperor Yuan of Jin ascended the throne, he served as the author of the book, and was promoted to the Shangshu Lang. When he was appointed as the chief general Wang Dun's clerk, he was killed for dissuading Wang Duntu Ni and posthumously appointed as the prefect of Hongnong.
In the first year of Taining in Emperor Ming of Jin (323), Yongjia County was established. According to legend, Guo Pu happened to live in Ou, and the county magistrate asked him to "be the city of Bu County". Guo Pu climbed the west Guo Mountain and looked at the surrounding mountains like the Beidou constellation. So he occupied the Oujiang River in the north, and surrounded the mountains from east to west, and built a county city, called "Doucheng". In order to commemorate Guo Pu, the Ou people renamed the Xiguo Mountain where he climbed to Xiangcheng to Guogong Mountain and built the Guogong Temple at the foot of the mountain.
Xie Lingyun
Xie Lingyun (385-433), from Yangxia, Chenjun (now Taikang, Henan), was transferred to Shining, Kuaiji (now Shangyu, Zhejiang). A writer and poet in the Jin and Song dynasties. He was appointed as the founding of Kangle Gong, and was praised by the world. The regimes of Jin and Song dynasties changed, and the Xie family gradually lost power and was rejected. In the third year of Yongchu (422), Xie Lingyun was demoted to the prefect of Yongjia County. Being the prefect of Yongjia County was a turning point in Xie Lingyun's literary creation. During his tenure, he created a large number of poems describing the landscapes of Wenzhou. The most famous ones include "Climbing the Pond" and "Climbing the Lonely Island in the River", and are known as the founder of landscape poetry in the history of Chinese literature. Today, Wenzhou still has historical sites related to Xie Lingyun, such as Chi Shanglou, Xie Keyan, Chengxiange, Xiechi Lane, Kanglefang, etc.
xuanjue
Zen Master Xuanjue (665-713), whose courtesy name is Mingdao, was a native of Yongjia. A high monk in the Tang Dynasty. When he was a child, he was shaved and received the precepts. He first became a monk at Longxing Temple in Yongjia. He explored the Tripitaka scriptures and studied the wonderful method of meditation and observation on the Tiantai. A Zen temple was built under the rock next to the temple, "The green mountains arched their backs, and the vast sea blew their chests." Later, when he was inquired, he went to Caoxi to visit Huineng, the Sixth Patriarch of Zen Buddhism. He stayed overnight and got a question and answer, so he was called "Master Sujue".
Since Cao Xi returned to Yongjia, scholars from all over the country gathered together to ask about the Zen ranks and respected him as "Master Zhenjue". Xuanjue advocated Tiantai teachings and preached Zen numbers, and was one of the five major sects of Zen. In the second year of Xiantian of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (713), Xuanjue passed away in Longxing Villa and lived forty-nine years. The authors "Song of Achievement of the Way" and "The Complete Purpose of Zen Buddhism" were widely spread, making Yongjia Zen famous all over the world. A hundred years after his death, Wenzhou Governor Du Benfa looked at it, and his body remained the same, so he built a Jingguang Tower on the top of Songtai Mountain. During the reign of Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty, he was named "Master Wuxiang".
Zhou Xingji
Zhou Xingji (1067-1125), whose courtesy name is Gongshu, was known as Mr. Fuqi, from Ruian, and moved to Yongjia (now Wenzhou City). In his early years, he traveled to Kaifeng and Luoyang with his father. At the age of seventeen, Xu Jingheng, Liu Anjie, Liu Anshang, Jiang Yuanzhong, Shen Tengxing, Dai Shu, Zhao Xiao and Zhang Hui, who studied in the Imperial Academy together with Yuanyou and Yuanfeng, were known as "Mr. Yongjia Jiu". Soon, he went to Luoyang and received his career from Cheng Yi. In the sixth year of Yuanyou (1091), he was promoted to the Jinshi. He served as a PhD in Imperial College and a professor in the prefectures, and was promoted to the Secretariat. In the third year of Daguan (1109), he was dismissed from office and returned to Yongjia. He built Fuqi Academy in Xiechifang to teach and teach apprentices, making Luoxue popular in Wenzhou and laying the foundation of the Yongjia School.
Zhou Xingji has written a lot in his life, including "The Book of Rites", "The Book of Rites", and "Fuqi Collection". He made great contributions to the development of Wenzhou's academic culture. Chen Zhensun, a scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, praised him as "the source of Yongjia's knowledge."
Han Yanzhi
Han Yanzhi (1131—?), whose courtesy name is Ziwen, is from Suide, Shaanxi. The son of Han Shizhong, a famous general of the Southern Song Dynasty, to fight against the Jin Dynasty. In the 18th year of Shaoxing (1148), he was a Jinshi. In the fourth year of Chunxi (1177), he served as the governor of Wenzhou, dredged Yongjia city and taught the soldiers how to fight. He quickly defeated the pirates and captured the bandit leader. During his time in Wenzhou, he learned in detail about the production of citrus in Wenzhou, summarized and promoted the experience of citrus cultivation, and wrote the world's earliest citrus monograph "Orange Record". The book has three volumes, recording 27 citrus fruit trees varieties, as well as a set of citrus fruit trees cultivation management and fruit collection methods. It is a famous work in the history of agricultural science in my country and was included in the "Siku Quanshu" in the Qing Dynasty. Later it was translated into various foreign languages and passed on to abroad.
Wang Zhizhong
Wang Zhizhong (about 1140-1207), whose courtesy name is Shuquan, was from Ruian, Southern Song Dynasty. In the fifth year of Qiandao (1169), he was a Jinshi and was appointed as a politician. He served as a professor of prefecture in Xiazhou (now Yichang, Hubei) and Lizhou (now Changde, Hunan). He was famous for his medical skills at that time. He was the one who treated people with illnesses. He once said: "If acupuncture without moxibustion and moxibustion without moxibustion, it is not a good doctor; if acupuncture without medicine, medicine without acupuncture without acupuncture, it is not a good doctor." When he was a professor in Xiazhou, he published "Jiyi Prescriptions"; when he was a professor in Lizhou, he wrote seven volumes of "Acupuncture and Moxibustion" and was already in the old age. Later, he was transferred to the position of general as chief, and may have been promoted to general as chief. He died about the time of Kaixi of Ningzong (1205-1207).
Wang Zhizhong's "Acupuncture and Moxibustion" is a famous book on acupuncture. The method of the same body is determined by the method of selecting acupoints for 800 years. The recorded acupoints and proven prescriptions are still used by the people. It has been published many times, including the 13th year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty (1220), the 4th year of Shaoding (1231), the 11th year of Dade in the Yuan Dynasty (1307), and the 12th year of Zhengtong in the Ming Dynasty (1447). Foreign countries include the Japanese Kanbuki Ninth Year (1669) Murakami Kanbuki Eibo, and the Korean publication of Huaisen Pavilion. Sun Yiyan of the late Qing Dynasty learned the original engraving of this book and asked his son Yirang to proofread it and included it in the Yongjia Series for publication. Wang's life and achievements began to become well known.
yeshi
yeshi (1150-1223), whose name is Zhengze, is a famous thinker, philosopher, educator, and a representative of the Yongjia School. A native of Yongjia, Southern Song Dynasty. His ancestral home is Longquan, Zhou, and his great-grandfather Gongji moved to Ruian. After middle age, he settled in Shuixin, the city of Wenzhou, so he is known as "Mr. Shuixin".
Ye Shi was fond of learning when he was young. He was taught by famous scholars such as Chen Fuliang, Chen Liang and Lu Zuqian in Wenzhou and Jinhua at that time. In the fifth year of Chunxi (1178), he passed the second place in Jinshi. After becoming an official, he became a senior official and served as a member of the Ministry of Personnel, a minister of the Ministry of Personnel, and a minister of the Ministry of Personnel. He was appointed as a scholar of Baowen Pavilion and a senior official of Guanglu. He insisted on resisting the Jin Dynasty. He was impeached at the age of 59 and was dismissed from office and returned to his hometown. From then on, he stopped filming and devoted himself to writing and teaching.There are many works, including "Shuixin Collection", "Farewell Collection", and "Preface to the Record of Learning and Words". Yongjia School, since Xue Jixuan and Chen Fuliang paid attention to the study of merit, Ye Shi inherited and developed the idea of merit in Xue and Chen, gathered the achievements of the Yongjia School, and established the Yongjia School of Medicine theory, thus ranking it as the three schools of the Southern Song Dynasty along with Zhu Xi's Taoism and Lu Jiuyuan's Heart Studies, and was also collectively called the Zhejiang East School with Chen Liang's Yongkang School and Lu Zuqian's Jinhua School.
Yongjia Four Spirits
Hongjia Four Spirits are four very influential poets in the poetry world of the Southern Song Dynasty. Because the characters of the four of them are all called "Ling".
Xu Zhao (?—1211), whose courtesy name is Daohui, and his courtesy name is Linghui, and his pseudonym is Shanmin, was from Yongjia. I have a common man throughout my life, and I have three good things in my life. I am addicted to bitter tea, travel to mountains and rivers, and I am happy to chant. He has written "Fanglanxuan Poetry Collection".
Xu Ji (1162-1214), whose courtesy name is Zhizhong, his pseudonym is Lingyuan, and he is from Yongjia. There is "Erweiting's Poem Collection", and he also likes calligraphy.
Weng Juan (birth and death year unknown), whose courtesy name is Xugu, and his name is Lingshu, was from Yueqing. I have written a curtain and taught a museum. He has been running around all his life and spreading the world. He is the most aged in the middle of the "Four Spirits". There is a collection of poems about Wei Bixuan.
Zhao Shixiu (1170-1219), whose courtesy name is Zizhi, also known as Lingxiu, and his pseudonym Tianle, was from Yongjia, and was a member of the Song Dynasty. He was a Jinshi in the first year of Shaoxi (1190), and served as a subordinate in Shangyuan, Yunzhou and other places. He died in the 12th year of Jiading (1219). He has written two volumes of "The Collection of Zhao Shixiu".
The "Four Spirits" meet each other in a similar way, have similar interests, have similar poetry styles, are good at modern poetry, and are especially good at five-character poems. The content is mostly about wandering in mountains and rivers, chanting in the countryside, expressing emotions in travel, and singing and responding to harmony. In terms of form, more plain descriptions, less allusions, more concise and simple. The four spirits regard self-expression of nature and temperament as their core, oppose Taoism as their poetry, and are especially dissatisfied with the popular Jiangxi poetry school.
Zhou Daguan
Zhou Daguan (?—1346 shortly after), named Caoting Yimin, from Yongjia. In June of the first year of Yuanzhen (1295), he was ordered to go to Zhenla (now Cambodia). On February 20 of the following year, he set out on a sea boat from Wenzhou Port, and passed through the seakou offshore, Qizhou Ocean (northeast of Hainan Island), Jiaozhi Ocean (southwest of Hainan Island to the sea surface of Vietnam), and arrived at Zhenpu (now Badi or Vung Tun area) on the Zhenla border for about half a month. He sailed southwest and found the entrance to the Mekong River, and arrived at the capital of Zhenla Angkor in July of that year. After staying for a year, he set off in June of the third year of Yuanzhen (1297).
After returning to China, I wrote the book "Zhenla Tempora". The content includes city walls, palaces, officials, religion, language, writing, disputes, mountains and rivers, agriculture, industry, trade, and people's daily clothing, food, housing, and transportation. The book has a clear context and detailed content. It is not only an excellent travelogue, but also a precious historical document, which has been praised by Chinese and foreign scholars for hundreds of years. Angkor Wat was discovered again after being lost for hundreds of years. Scholars mainly determined that it was Angkor Wat based on the book of Zhou Daguan, and implemented the names and functions of each cave one by one. Therefore, when Angkor Wat was listed as a world cultural heritage site, a special statue commemorated Zhou Daguan.
Huang Gongwang
Huang Gongwang (1269-1354), whose courtesy name is Zijiu, his nickname is Yifeng, Dachi Taoist, from Changshu, Jiangsu. His original surname is Lu and his name is Jian. He was adopted by the Huang clan of Pingyang, Wenzhou at the age of seven and changed his name to Huang Gongwang.
Huang Gongwang is good at poetry and painting, and is good at calligraphy. He is an outstanding landscape painter in the Yuan Dynasty. He is considered to be the leader of the four great masters of the Yuan Dynasty (Huang Gongwang, Ni Zan, Wu Zhen, and Wang Meng). He inherited the techniques of Dong Yuan and Juran and created the style of landscape paintings of light Jiang. The works handed down are represented by "Fuchun Mountain Residence". The volume is two feet long and four feet long. The picture has thousands of rocks and valleys, fluctuations, smoke and clouds, and densely sparse and dense. There are also villages, houses, beaches, fishing boats, pavilions, grass and stones, all of which are profound. The pictures were damaged in the late Ming Dynasty and divided into two pieces. They are now stored in the Zhejiang Provincial Museum and the Palace Museum in Taiwan. They have always been regarded as a treasure of Chinese painting art. In addition, there are nearly twenty paintings circulating, including "The Secluded Picture of Autumn Mountain", "The Jade Tree of Dan Cliff", "The Snow-Snow Picture of Nine Peaks", "The Stone Wall of Tianchi", and "The Secluded Picture of Water Pavilion". Among them, "Shui Pavilion Qingyan Picture" was written by Huang Gongwang when he was 81 years old, and the signature was "Pingyang Huang Gongwang".Huang Gongwang has also made great achievements in painting theory, and has written "The Strategy of Writing Landscapes" and "On Painting Landscapes".
Wang Zhenpeng
Wang Zhenpeng (1278-1348), whose courtesy name is Pengmei, is from Yongjia. Because of his outstanding painting skills, he was encouraged by Emperor Renzong of Yuan Dynasty and was appointed as the first to serve as a secretary and supervise the documentary book. He was able to contact the royal family's collection of famous paintings from all dynasties, and his painting skills became more and more exquisite. Wang Zhenpeng was good at boundary painting, and his palaces were "straightened in size, all based on standard rules. He was almost the same as practicing the internal judicial style, and he could not cross every second." "Using the brushwork with fine force, the momentum was flying, and he was not restricted by the law. Those who know it were the best in boundary painting in Yuan Dynasty."
The works handed down include "Afang Palace Picture", "Jinming Pool Dragon Boat Racing Picture Scroll". His "Boya's Piano Piano Picture" is housed in the Palace Museum and is the only figure painting of Wang Zhenpeng that you can see at present. The characters have vivid expressions, fluent and vigorous lines, and their shapes and brushwork are similar to those of Li Gonglin of the Song Dynasty. They are a rare masterpiece in figure paintings in the Yuan Dynasty. "The View of the Scenic Views of the River and Mountains" is based on the mountains and rivers of Wenzhou. It has a grand composition. It not only has extremely high artistic value, but also preserves the style of Wenzhou in the Yuan Dynasty.
Liu Ji
Liu Ji (1311-1375), whose courtesy name is Bowen, was from Nantian, Qingtian (now Wencheng). A founding hero of the Ming Dynasty, an outstanding politician and military strategist. He passed the Jinshi in the fourth year of Zhishun of Yuan Dynasty (1333). Because of his integrity and integrity, he was jealous and excluded by his colleagues, he resigned three times and returned to his hometown.
In the 20th year of Zhizheng (1360), Liu Ji came out of the mountain to assist Zhu Yuanzhang, becoming Zhu Yuanzhang's most important counselor, known as the "Imperial Teacher Wang Zuo". In the third year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1370), he was appointed as a bachelor of Hongwenguan and was granted the title of the founding country's official civil servant, the official of Zishan, the superior guard, and the official of Chengyi. In the sixth year (1373), because of Hu Weiyong's false accusation, he took his son Liu Lian to Beijing to apologize and kept Nanjing. In the eighth year (1375), he was seriously ill and was sent back to Wencheng's hometown. He died in January at the age of 65. In the ninth year of Zhengde of Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty (1514), he was posthumously awarded the title of Grand Tutor and was posthumously named Wencheng.
Liu Ji's works have twenty volumes of "Collected Works of Sincerity". The fable collection "Yu Lizi" has a vivid story and profound reasoning, which is particularly popular. There are Liuji Temples in many places in Wenzhou today, the most famous is Nantian, Wencheng County and Juxi, Cangnan County.
Huanghuai
Huanghuai (1367-1449), whose courtesy name is Zongyu and his nickname is Jie'an, was from Yongjia. In the 29th year of Hongwu (1396), he was appointed as the Minister of the Central Secretariat. Chengzu Zhu Di ascended the throne and summoned the order to sympathize with him. He then went to Zhiwenyuan Pavilion and accompanied Xie Jin and others to serve as consultants. In the autumn of the first year of Yongle (1403), he was promoted to editor of the Hanlin Academy and served as a lecturer. The crown prince was established and was promoted to the left son and served as the attendant. In the fifth year, he joined Youchunfang Grand Secretary. In the 28th year, he was promoted to the General Secretary of the Wuying Palace and the Grand Secretary. In the first year of Hongxi (1425), he was promoted to the Minister of Revenue and Grand Secretary of the Ministry of Revenue. When Renzong died, Huang Huai assisted the two kings Zheng and Xiang to supervise the country, and vomited blood due to concern and danger. In the first year of Xuande (1426), Emperor Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji personally conquered Zhu Gaoxu and ordered Huai to stay in charge to assist the two kings in supervising the country. In August of the following year, he retired due to illness and lived in Huangfu Lane, Wenzhou for more than 20 years. He died in June of the 14th year of Zhengtong (1449), at the age of 83, and was posthumously named Wen Jian.
Huanghuai has been in four dynasties and retired after success. Chengzu praised him for "discussing things is like establishing a high hill, and it is far away." The biography of "History of Ming Dynasty" praises his "nature is clear and fruitful, and it is achieved through governance." The remaining works are in existence of eleven volumes of "Jie'an Collection".
Zhang Cong
Zhang Cong (1475-1539), whose courtesy name is Bingyong and his pseudonym Luofeng, is from Yongjiachang, Wenzhou (now Yongqiang, Yongqiang, Longwan). In the 16th year of Zhengde (1521), he was a Jinshi in the palace examination. When I first entered the official career, I met a dispute over great rituals. Zhang Cong successively submitted "Commentary on the Great Ceremony" and "Great Ceremony or Questions" to support Emperor Jiajing. Zhang Cong also gained the appreciation and trust of Emperor Jiajing and was promoted to the prime minister of the cabinet. After entering the cabinet, he tried his best to reform, clarify the administration of officials, and clear the land of Qing dynasties, and abolished the eunuchs in the custody of the Ming Dynasty, which made the Ming Dynasty look revival in the early years of Jiajing. "History of Ming Dynasty" states that he is "a brave and courageous person, a strong and honest person, hates stolen officials, and is a desperate road."
In April of the 14th year of Jiajing (1535), he resigned due to illness and returned home. He died of illness in the 18th year, at the age of 65, was posthumously named Wenzhong and posthumously awarded the title of Grand Tutor. He has written a lot in his life, including "A Brief Introduction to the Great Ceremony" and "Collected Works of Luoshan".
Wang Shugao
Wang Shugao (1517-1600), whose courtesy name is Yangde and his pseudonym Yanggu, is from Yingqiao, Erdu, Yongjiachang. In the late Jiajing period, Yongjiachang was often invaded by Japanese pirates. Shu Gao gave up the opportunity to go to Beijing for the imperial examination, raised more than 7,000 taels of silver, and led the villagers to build Yongchang Fort to control the Japanese and protect the people and ensure safety in the area.
In the 41st year of Jiajing (1562), Shu Gao was appointed as the magistrate of Jingjiang County, Changzhou Prefecture, and was promoted to the magistrate of Changshu County. Soon after, he was summoned to the Ministry of War Military Selection Department, and later served as the prefect of Daming Prefecture, and was promoted to the deputy envoy of Su, Song, Chang and Zhen troops. During his tenure as deputy military officer of the four counties in Jiangsu, he submitted a memorial to Chenhai defense transportation roads for more than ten things, and personally inspected along the river, deepened trenches, consolidated city walls, and increased troops and garrisons, which greatly enhanced the coastal national defense capabilities and prevented the Japanese pirates from entering southern Jiangsu. He resigned from his post at the age of sixty. He was a villa in Yujie Garden and Yanghu, which was the most beautiful garden. He died in the 28th year of Wanli. He has written "Sanwu Water Conservancy Examination" and "Yujieyuan Manuscripts".
Zhao Shizhen
Zhao Shizhen (1552-1611), whose courtesy name is Changji and his pseudonym is Houhu, was from Yueqing. A famous military inventor in the Ming Dynasty. In the sixth year of Wanli (1578), he was appointed as the chief clerk of the Honglu Temple with a good letter. Ren Nei met a Turk named Duosma in Beijing. He was originally a Turkish official who managed firearms. Therefore, Zhao Shizhen was able to collect and accumulate a large amount of information and experience in the development of firearms. In the 25th year of Wanli, Zhao Shizhen presented the emperor with an article titled "Eight Harms of Military Use" and suggested that the creation of a bird gun was made. Among them, the "lightning gun" and "thunder gun" were the latest firearms at that time. Zhao Shizhen drew patterns of seven of the frames and wrote an article to give a detailed explanation of their structure, making methods, and stance, which was called "The Artifacts". Since then, Zhao Shizhen has been constantly striving for excellence. By the 30th year of Wanli, the Thunder gun, which could only fire five bullets in a row, was improved so that it could "fire in battle" and fire eighteen bullets in one go. He also invented the "Rocket Slide", an invention that is a milestone in the history of China's rocket development. Zhao Shizhen's achievements in the development of firearms are mainly reflected in works such as "The Artifact Score", "Advice on the Car and Guns of Preparing the Borders", "Continuing the Artifact Score", and "The Artifact Score or Question".
Sun Yiyan
Sun Yiyan (1815-1894), whose courtesy name is Shaowen, his pseudonym Qinxi, his pseudonym Dunpo in the evening, his name is Xunxue, and his name is from Ruian. He was a Jinshi in the 30th year of Daoguang (1850). Later, he was promoted to the lecturer as an editor of the Hanlin Academy, participated in the compilation of the "Records of Xuanzong" and made 100 volumes of the "Letter of the Yiwus". In the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858), he served as the master of Shangshu. At that time, the British and French coalition forces invaded Tianjin, and the court was controversial, and the peace and war were indecisive. They both made a seal and a strategy to advance to the imperial army. Because he violated the taboos in power, he was transferred to the position of governor of Anqing. In the fourth year of Tongzhi (1865), Ding You gave a lecture on Hangzhou Ziyang Academy. In the third year of Guangxu, he served as the governor of Jiangning, rectified salt affairs and paid quotas, cleared the suspicion of prisons, and had political claims. In the fifth year, he was summoned to be the Minister of Taipu Temple, but he was ill and refused to go there. In the sixth year, he founded the Yishan Temple School in Ruian, creating a lot of talents. In the past fourteen years, a library was built, with 100,000 volumes of books, including many of the rural documents collected over the years, named "Yuhailou". This building is known as the four private library buildings in Zhejiang in the late Qing Dynasty, along with Ningbo Tianyi Pavilion, Jiaxing Jiaye Hall and Huzhou Song Building. It has personally signed regulations to encourage students with aspiring to read. During his lifetime, he compiled and published huge volumes such as "Anecdotes of Ouhai", "The Inside and Outside Collection of Yongjia Collections", and "Yongjia Series". After his death, most of the books were collected from Zhejiang University Library. "Yuhailou" has been well preserved so far and is now listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit.
Sun Yirang
Hun Yirang (1848-1908), whose courtesy name is Zhongrong and nickname is Zhuan, is from Ruian. A great scholar of the late Qing Dynasty, the first person in China to examine oracle bone scripts. When he was young, he inherited his family's education and followed his father Sun Yi to travel to the capital, Jianghuai and other places. In the sixth year of Tongzhi (1867) Juren. He failed many times in the imperial examinations, and later specialized in academic research, and wrote more than 40 books. Excellent achievements in classics, history, philology, literature, proofreading, etc., and his epoch-making books such as "Zhou Li Zhengyi", "Mozi Jian Gu", and "Gu Zhuan Shi Yi" were praised by Zhang Binglin as "the best of three hundred years". In his later years, he took it as his responsibility to run schools and run businesses. In the 22nd year of the Guangxu period (1896), he established the "School Library" in Ruian, and the following year, he founded the Ruian Dialect Museum and his friends in Wenzhou.In the 31st year of Guangxu, the Wen Department of Education Affairs was established and he was elected as Prime Minister. Later, he served as a consultant of the academic department, a gentry member of the Zhejiang Provincial Academic Affairs Office, and a vice president of the Zhejiang Provincial Education Federation. During his tenure, he actively raised education funds, selected outstanding students to study abroad, founded female schools, and advocated the establishment of prefectures, county middle schools, Wenzhou Normal School, Chuzhou Junior Normal School and a large number of primary schools in Wenzhou and Dubai, with a total of more than 300. In addition, he founded Daxin Shipping Company and Inland Shipping Company, and also advocated the development of North-South Muntjac fishery, etc. In order to commemorate Sun Yirang, Wenzhou and Ruian built "Zhuyuan", "Huaizhu Pavilion" and "Zhugong Pavilion".
Hong Bingwen
Hong Bingwen (1848-1918), whose courtesy name is Boqing and nickname is Lianyuan, is from Ruian. He lives in Huaxin Tower, and he also calls himself the "owner of Huaxin Tower". He has rich works in his life and has achieved the most success in his opera creation. There are 36 new dramas and zajus in time, including 21 of which are surviving scripts. "Police Huang Zhong", "Hou Nan Ke", "Chunao Yuan" and other plays were included in "Late Qing Literature Cong Chao", and was a playwright with a great influence in the late Qing Dynasty.
In addition to the large number of its dramatic works, they have two distinctive characteristics: 1. They have strong patriotic thoughts. "The Yellow Bell of Police" and "Hou Nanke" express the idea of fighting against foreign aggression in the form of fables. "The Legend of Furong" is China's first ban smoking drama. 2. He is a pioneer of Chinese science fiction drama. "Electric Ball Tour" envisions balloons as means of transportation, and "Moon Tour" imagines humans flying to the moon. Hong Bingwen's foresight was turned into reality by former Soviet scientists 50 years later.
Huang Shaoji
Huang Shaoji (1854-1908), whose courtesy name is Zhongya, is from Ruian. In the third year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1877), he studied in the Imperial College. He passed the Jinshi in six years and entered the Hanlin area. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Qing court begged for peace, and dozens of famous scholars from the Hanlin Academy jointly submitted memorials to oppose it many times. Shaoji either led the lead or participated in the drafting, and tried his best to fight and opposed the cemetery of land to seek peace, which was known in history as "Last Qingliu". The capital reformers organized the Parliament to protect the parliament, Kang Youwei was appointed as prime minister, and Shaoji served as a permanent member of parliament and propagandist. The August coup passed on the news and allowed Kang to escape. In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), he was hired as a supervisor in Lianghu Academy. 30 outstanding students were selected to study in Japan for normal school. After thirty years, he arrived in the capital and supervised the Bookstore. In the 31st year, a fellow townsman in Beijing established Zhejiang Academy and was elected as the first prime minister. In April of the 1932nd year, he was appointed as the Hubei Education Envoy. In June, he led the Education Envoys from various provinces to Japan for inspection. After returning to China, he went to Hubei to take office in December and died in Wuchang in December of the following year.
Huang Shaoji has a good knowledge and is committed to academic affairs in his later years, which has made great contributions to the development of modern education in my country. The remaining works were not yet compiled during his lifetime. Those who have published them include "Drafts of History of Chinese Education", "A Brief Collection of Han Books and Arts", "A Supplementary Notes on Chu Ci", "Xian'an Manuscripts" and "Xian'an Manuscripts (Drafts of Poetry)".
Dongou Sanjie
Chen Qiu (1851 —1904), whose original name was Guozhen, whose courtesy name was Zhisan, and his pseudonym was Zhelu, was from Ruian. In the fifteenth year of Guangxu (1889), he was a juren. A representative of the Zhejiang reform faction, he once planned to establish the Zhejiang Association in Beijing with Cai Yuanpei and others, and stood at the forefront of reform and reform. He advocated reform in order to achieve self-improvement, and proposed to establish a council, promote manufacturing, reward industry and commerce, open railways, and change official systems. In order to promote the reform and reform proposals and improve the feudal education system, Liji Medical School was founded with Chen Fuchen and others in Yangyali (now Park Road, Anyang Town), Ruian County. It is the first new-style traditional Chinese medicine school in the country that adopts Western school systems and methods. It has a profound impact on the development of traditional Chinese medicine in southern Zhejiang. His works include "Zhelu Diagnosis Records", "Pingping Tong Discussions", "Plaint and Cholera Questions and Answers", "Records of the State", "Zhelu Collection of Essays", "Zhelu Medical Cases", etc.
0 Song Shu (1862-1910), whose courtesy name was Yansheng, later changed his name to Pingzi, and his nickname was Liuzhai, from Pingyang. Ruian Sun Qiang was very talented and regarded his little daughter as his marriage. He studied under Bo's father-in-law Sun Yiyan and father-in-law Sun Qianming. In 1892, he wrote a letter to Li Hongzhang, proposing the political program of reform and reform based on the "Three First Theory" - "Six Zhaibei Proposal", and proposed the political program of reform and reform, which was praised by Li Hongzhang as the "Later King's Army". He is an outstanding representative of the Reform Movement. There is a posthumous work "Song Shu Collection" passed down to the present.
Chen Fuchen (1859-1917), whose courtesy name is Jieshi, is from Ruian.Outstanding educator and enlightenment thinker in modern my country. He was a young master of Sun Qiangming and was a Jinshi in the 29th year of Guangxu (1903). During the Reform and Reform period, Baozhehui Association and Liji Medical School were established. He has been engaged in education for a long time and has served as a teacher at Yangzheng School and a professor at Peking University. In 1909, he was elected as the Speaker of the Zhejiang Advisory Council and was elected as a member of Parliament after the Republic of China. When Yuan Shikai restored the imperial system, he bribed him with a large sum of money, but was strictly rejected; later he impeached Duan Qirui and harmed the country and the people. He has written "On Business", "General History of China", "General Meaning of All Sons", and "Chinese Philosophy".
Huang Qingcheng
Huang Qingcheng (1863-1904), whose name is Yuanchu, is Shouchang Laoren, and is from Pingyang Qianku (now Cangnan County). In his early years, he worked as a teacher at Sun Yirang and Jin Hui. In the fifteenth year of Guangxu (1889), he taught at Meixi Academy in Shanghai and was a juren in Shuntian for twenty years. In June 23, he began to prepare for the mathematics journal "Journal of Computing", which was the first in my country. Later, the Journal of Mathematical Science was divided into twelve volumes, including "Introduction to Mathematical Science", "A Beginner of Mathematical Science", "New Technique of Proportion", "Abstract of Preparation", "Algebra Key", "Algebraic Finger", and "A Brief Interpretation of Geometry", becoming a good teacher and friend of self-study, opening up a new trend in a generation, with a profound influence. In the 25th year of the Guangxu period (1899), he began to establish the Journal of History, which is the earliest professional journal of history in my country. For 27 years, he served as the head of Wenzhou Sericulture School. In the 30th year (1904), the Ministry of Rites was rejected by the full amount. He died in September of the same year at the age of 42. His remaining works include "The Current Affairs of Meng Qiu", "Xun Meng Jie Jing", "General Bibliography of Chinese and Western Languages", "New Books of Philosophy", "Tianyanlou Classics", "Plain language and Earth Science", "The Complete Book of Mo Bian", "Four Thousand Years of Vernacular History of China", etc.
Sun Yirang exclaimed: "Yu You Pingyang Huang Jun was the first to be a master of the strange man."
Do you know these historical and cultural celebrities in Wenzhou
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Source: Wenzhou Library
