In 421 AD, Tao Yuanming, one of the great poets in the history of Chinese literature, wrote "The Story of the Peach Blossom Spring". "The Story of the Peach Blossom Spring" is an independent preface to the "Poetry of the Peach Blossom Spring". It uses the whereabouts of the "fish

still talks about the preface "Peach Blossom Source Ji". "Peach Blossom Yuan Ji" simply described a fisherman ("fisherman" in the text) that accidentally entered and exit Taohuayuan's stories with more than 300 words. Whether it is described or described, it is clean and clear, and the story of peach blossom source is clear and complete. Compared with "Peach Blossom Poetry", "Peach Blossom Source" is more vivid and attractive. The full text is based on the whereabouts of the fisherman, that is, "Finding 'Tao Lin' -exploring 'Taoyuan' —— into the 'Taoyuan' (Visit 'Taoyuan') -The natural order of" Taoyuan ' -looking for "Taoyuan'" Gradually develop. Taoyuan in

is described as confusing by the poet, but it is kind and clear, like a magical land far from the sky. Of course, the Chunmei customs of Taoyuan people have a realistic foundation. This can be confirmed from Tao Yuanming's many idyllic poetry , such as " Return to Garden Temple " (1) Nine. Reading Tao Yuanming's poems describing the rural life, it can be said that the simple and folk custom atmosphere of Taohuayuan, the enthusiastic hospitality of Taoyuan people comes from Tao Yuanming's rural life.

then talks about "Peach Blossom Poems". "Taohuayuan Poetry" is highly praised by the poet's tone highly, happiness, happiness and peace, and peace. The poet Tao Yuanming is lyrical for the people of Taoyuan, and it is also lyrical of the ideal life of human beings. The whole poem is divided into three parts: "Xun's chaotic age, ... to be abolished by the road"; the poet opened the door to see the mountain narrative and explain the origin of the people in the peach blossom source. " is destined to farm in , ... Yu He Lao Wisdom" is the second part; the poet introduces the reader's life scene. The people here are made of sunrise, and they are at sunset. They work together. They should be farmed from time to time. There is no chronological calendar. At four, it becomes years old. Spring Silkworm collects long silk. "Five hundreds of sorrows, ... holding up my deeds" is the third part, and the poet makes emotions and discussions on the life of Taoyuan people. "Wish to say that the wind is light, and hostering my deeds." It is said that the poet hopes to drive up the breeze, fly high, and pursue those who are interested in their own aspirations. Because "Peach Blossom Poetry" is a poem, it is directly expressing the poet's own feelings, and it is also what the poet calls "send his intention".

"Peach Blossom Yuan Ji" is the preface in front of "Peach Blossom Poetry". It takes the fisherman's whereabouts as a clue, which is bound to be limited by the fisherman's hearing. Therefore, it is only a background story to help readers understand "Peach Blossom Poetry". "Peach Blossom Yuan Ji" focuses on the storyline, resorting the reader's straightforward sense, vivid text, and fascinating step by step. The realistic picture is strong."Peach Blossom Poetry" focuses on lyrical words, resorting to readers' rationality, highly summarized historical facts, thoughtfulness everywhere, and strong history. From the analysis of the text, although "Peach Blossom Source" (and poem), despite the clear time, place, characters, stories, stories, it should be attributed to fiction in literary works. And peculiar imagination. In short, "Peach Blossom Source" is neither real nor true.

"Peach Blossom Source" Volume Zhu Xi line cursive data picture

, Also after Qu Yuan in the history of Chinese poetry, Li Bai , Du Fu the most famous poet before . When he was born into a generation, he caught up with the turmoil, the society was turbulent, and the people were displaced. In the war environment, the poets who entered the middle of the adults could not be achieved at all. From the specific poetic,

, Tao Yuanming's life roughly experienced three stages of living in early years, outsiders and middle age. Reading his works, he felt that his poems were flowing out of his lungs. For example, "Jielu is in the people, has no car horses ... Under the fence of chrysanthemums, see Nanshan leisurely" "Drinking" (Five), write the poet in "Human Realm (non -Wonderland)" - " Nanshan ( Lushan ) " -" South Village "lives a leisurely life, and obtains a free and quiet mood. In the poems of "Drinking" (its 19th), "Sui Nuo, and the clothes returned to the field", it also proved that the poet's 29 -year -old resigning the state of sacrifice of wine, that is, there is an intended to have an old field. Besides, when it comes to "the wasteland in the south, keeping the clumsy return to Garden" "Return to Garden House" (one of the first), "both farming and the plan, and reading my book" "Reading the Mountains and Seas" (First) expresses the Han Confucianism After the poet Tao Yuanming returned to the hidden, he experienced the joy of rural cultivation and reading that was also read. And the image of "Lost Birds" and "Lonely Shengsong" in "Drinking" (4), we can also see that Tao Yuanming chooses to resign from the hidden and outlook, and it is not entirely his active choice. Society's exclusion of him. In addition, his character is upright, clear and honest, and he is unwilling to bow to his knees to attach power. Therefore, he has a sharp contradiction with the dirty and dark real society, and has an incompatible relationship. "The bird loves the old forest, the pond fish is thinking about the old forests. The wasteland is opened in the north field, and the return of the gardener" "Guiyuan Tianju" (first) (first). Essence Therefore, the choice of entering the Shi and Guiyin finally became his most often ideological contradiction. As a result, alone and hidden, it has always become Tao Yuanming's idea of ​​deep into the bones.

Tao Yuan has the aspirations of "Daji Cangsheng" when he is light next year. "Young personnel, travel well in the Six Classics" "Drinking" (Sixteen) to prove that Tao Yuanming grew up under the influence of Confucian culture . Jiangzhou sacrifice wine, Peng Ze county magistrate and other officials are not smooth because they are unwilling to be inherited. The brutal reality caused the children of Hanmen to enter the WTO, and the result caused Tao Yuanming's mentality of "abandoning me and I am also abandoning the world". And "the first division has a legacy, worrying about the poverty of the way. Looking at it, you can't catch it. If the Tao is not feasible, you have to bold self -sufficiency. At the age of 41, Tao Yuanming resigned because he was "unwilling to fold the waist for the five buckets" Pengze County, who had only been 81 days, and began to live in seclusion. Since then, he has lived in the countryside for a long time. Alienation, instead getting close to the grassroots people. Tao Yuanming admired and remembered the simplicity of the ancient society in his life. He did not have a good opinion of the society that exists in class exploitation. He was especially the case for Qin Empire ( Qin Dynasty ). ) "Zhen's chaos" "Peach Blossom Poetry". He believes that only in the simple and simple society of ancient times, people will have a self -sufficient and happy life.Looking at all the poems of Tao Yuanming, he can see his philosophical thinking about life and society everywhere. In the dirty world, he starts from the inherent Confucian concepts, opened the world, and looks forward to God's swimming in Wuxi, Ge Tian's , etc. In ancient society, I repeatedly sighed the thought of Confucian . This year, the year before the creation of "Peach Blossom Yuan Ji" (and poem), Tao Yuanming's " Wuliu Biography " can be clearly felt. "Biography of Mr. Wu Liu" is a documentary written by the poet himself. Tao Yuanming wrote that he was focusing on "seeking", but he did not understand; Drunk, both drunk and retreat. " It can be seen from this that the poets in daily life are refreshing people, and the person in temperament is also a person with real people. Of course, although Tao Yuanming's mentality in his later years is "far -sized", but "mammoth is always there", he cannot change the real society, so he has to use creation to express his feelings, and finally shape a beautiful thing that is opposite to the dirty dark society. Realm, to entrust your own life ideals and beautiful interests. From Tao Yuanming's poems, it can be clearly felt that his mood in Nanshan was relatively happy, and his life was safe. While farming, picking chrysanthemums, and traveling, he was accompanied by poetry wine. So far, at the foot of Nanshan, Tao Yuanming still left a huge stone (now referred to as "drunk stone") that was often lying on it after being drunk. Tao Yuanming, the earliest and most influential rural poet in my country, always cares about the fate of farmers, and has a dream all day long. It is inevitable that it is inevitable to transform a paradise from his heart. You can make such a judgment: all the poems created by Tao Yuanming, especially "The Five Hetae of Guiyuan Tianju", " Drinking Twenty " and "Peach Blossom Poetry" and other famous poems. And the brand of the author's life.

Peach Blossom Source Poetic

is as described earlier, "Peach Blossom Source" is a short -sequence or small note in the previous article "Peach Blossom Poetry". masterpiece. It has mobilized the accumulation of all the poets, and has achieved the highest achievement of the author's personal creation in terms of ideology and art. At this time, Tao Yuanming's resignation official has returned to for many years, and has long been transformed into ordinary workers. His thoughtful feelings and the working people have long been stated. For the bitter life of "Summer holding hunger and not being sleeping in the cold night" (" Resentment Poetry Show Pang Zhizhong "), he has a personal body; Really. The cruel real life has prompted him to dissatisfy the future of reality and then explore the bright future.

In 411 AD, Tao Yuanming wrote " Moves two " (second). Among them, the two poems "Spring and Autumn Poems, New Poems on the Great" are simply previewed by creating "Taohuayuan Ji" (and poems) in advance ten years later. In a spring day when the sky is clear, the wind and the sun, and the peach blossoms are in full bloom, a fisherman and ghosts migrate to the peach blossom source of the soul in his heart. He is really "climbing"! He has climbed to an unprecedented height of thought, and he really depicts a new realm of life, writing the unprecedented "new poem" - "Peach Blossom Source" (and poem).

So what exactly is the original intention of the author to express in "Peach Blossom Source" and "Peach Blossom Poetry"? Here, how many people have been puzzled and how many years have been confused and need to be analyzed carefully. First of all, who is this fisherman in "Peach Blossom Source"? When

reads "Peach Blossom Source", readers will definitely care about the image of the fisherman who runs through the whole article. It is not difficult to see in the previous analysis that the "Five Qi" that runs through the whole article of "Peach Blossom Poetry" is full of Tao Yuanming's life, experience and personality, and emotions. The text cannot be consistent. Therefore, the "fisherman" in the preface is undoubtedly the author himself. Thinking of the author's life experience. In June 408, Tao Yuanming suffered a fire in his home when he lived in the countryside, and a house was not left.Tao Yuanming and his family lived on the boat for a short period of time. It can be seen from this that in the preface, the author uses fishermen to construct the story, pretending that the fishermen discovered the Peach Blossom Spring, which is based on life. The reason for writing it this way is, of course, to make the things described and the feelings expressed appear more natural and real.

Secondly, is the Peach Blossom Land that everyone yearns for an ideal society or a utopia?

"Peach Blossom Spring" depicts a simple and natural world. Anyone who has read "The Story of Peach Blossom Spring" (with poems) is surprised that there are no wars, no taxes, no bloody feudal dynasty changes, and the relationship between people is so peaceful and sincere. Life is so beautiful, and every family lives a prosperous and comfortable life. This is undoubtedly fascinating for people who live in hypocrisy, darkness, frequent wars, and constant bloodshed and encounter social changes. But we must see rationally that the Peach Blossom Spring in Tao Yuanming's works is highly idealized, centralized and poetic. The relevant chapter of "History of Chinese Literature" ( People's Literature Publishing House ) edited by professors You Guoen, Wang Qi, Ji Zhenhuai, Fei Zhengang believes that Tao Yuanming "proposed the social ideal of 'Peach Blossom Spring'", which " It vividly shows the picture of life in an ideal society." "Cambridge History of Chinese Literature" ( Sanlian Bookstore ) edited by Sun Kangyi and Yuwen Suo'an believes: ""The Peach Blossom Spring" describes a utopian society." In the author's opinion, what the author wants to express is neither "society" "Ideal" is not " utopia society", but just a conception of the pastoral life in his heart, or a picture of a beautiful pastoral life painted in the form of art. This did not exist in society at that time. Therefore, it is wrong to artificially elevate the author's original intention or true meaning.

Let's first look at the description of "I heard of this person in the village" in "Peach Blossom Spring", which clearly shows that the author is writing about a natural village. In remote places in ancient times, such places may have existed. But the problem is that this is just a natural village. Firstly, it does not have the organizational structure that a human society should have. Secondly, the Taoyuan people have not had contact with the outside world for a long time. Life is destined to not last long. Third, Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Spring clearly bears the imprint of the poet's own soul. In the chapter, "there are fathers and sons, but no monarchs and ministers." There is a family, but no village organization. The relationship between people only exists a simple moral relationship based on blood, and there is far from establishing a class-based relationship (of course, there is no class in Peach Blossom Spring). ), various social relations above the state. This reflects the author's affirmation of "home" and his denial of "country". Therefore, although the Peach Blossom Spring is beautiful, it is not real because it was created by the poet with his "heart"! The Taoyuan people told the fishermen that they "should not be kind to outsiders." Although it shows that the Taoyuan people are very satisfied with their current lives and do not want outsiders to disturb the tranquility of their lives, this is also clearly the author's self-confession. The Peach Blossom Spring is called a "desperate situation" that is "isolated from outsiders" in the preface (this is the "textual perspective" to understand the full text), which means that the Peach Blossom Spring cannot be told to the outside world and no one can find it! Therefore, it is by no means an ideal society, but just an imaginary picture in the author's mind. It depicts an ancient village's self-sufficient beauty under natural economic conditions and due to everyone's labor. You can't find it. This is because there is no paradise in the world.

Finally, what is the theme of "The Story of Peach Blossom Spring" (poetry)?

To sum up, Tao Yuanming's "The Peach Blossom Spring" (poetry) does not reveal any "social ideal", nor does it depict a "utopia". All the different interpretations are mostly adopted by learners and researchers. The minds of subsequent generations of philosophers over-interpreted this fictional classic of literature. Returning to the author's original intention, "The Peach Blossom Spring" (poetry) is a mythical legend that is based on the author's own experience and life.The theme of "Taohua Yuan Ji" (and poem) is that Tao Yuanming's vision discovered by "Fisherman" uses the vivid depiction of harmonious and happy life by relying on labor to create a harmonious and happy life, which expresses the author's freedom, equality, peace, richness, richness, and abundance. The ideal love and longing for the ideal life of the countryside. It fully reflects the author's life pursuit. It is the concentrated sublimation and image display of the author's idyllic life, and it is also a song of the longing for the ideal life of idyllic. It provides us with a new and harmonious garden life realm, which directly stimulates the infinite vision and pursuit of harmonious and rich rural life in the future generations.

" Guangming Daily " (November 06, 2021, 12th edition)

Source: Guangming.com-"Guangming Daily"