Beidaihe is a summer resort. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was designated as a summer office and rest place, and was known as the "Summer Capital" of China. Here, the five major leadership groups of the Party, Government, National People's Congress, CPPCC and the Military have gathered together, and many major events have taken place here.
Mao Zedong swimming
The name of "Summer Capital"
When it comes to Beidaihe, it can be said that it is a household name. It is a bright pearl on the Bohai Bay gold necklace. Beidaihe is located in the southwest of Qinhuangdao City, starting from Langya Mountain Bridge in the east and Daihekou in the west. It has a coastline of about 15 kilometers and is a well-known tourist summer resort at home and abroad. In 1979, it was announced by the State Council as one of the first batch of national key scenic spots. In 1991, it was named one of the "Top 40 Tourist Attractions in China". However, when people who care about politics mention Beidaihe, they attach great importance to its political color, because it was once called the "Xia Capital" of China.
The name "Summer Capital" was mainly due to the summer office system established by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1954. Many major decisions and major events have taken place here, and vivid scenes of joy and sorrow on the historical stage of the Republic have been directed here. All these make Beidaihe have the same important status as Diaoyutai, the Great Hall of the People, etc., triggering future generations. Endless remembrance.
The setting of Beidaihe Rest House
At the beginning of liberation, Beidaihe Seaside attracted the attention of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. In April 1949, the Military Control Commission of the People's Liberation Army took over the Railway Hotel, Lianpeng Hospital and Transportation Co., Ltd. members' rest home. Some leading cadres who had contributed to the revolution, suffered from chronic diseases, and the disabled were properly cared for here. When choosing a recuperation place for leading cadres, the Communist Party of China, as the vanguard of the working class, first considers the recuperation issues of the workers and staff.
The first sanatorium: China Railway Federation China Railway Federation Beidaihe Tuberculosis Sanatorium was established in 1949. This was the first workers' sanatorium established on the seaside of Beidaihe. In early 1950, a rest house for diplomats was established on the Beidaihe seaside. The resort took over 34 villas located on Dongjing Road, Dong 1st Road, Dong 2nd Road, Bao 2nd Road, Bao 3rd Road and Zhongtan Beach , and began to receive guests at that time. The envoys to my country from the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and other countries that our country has established diplomatic relations with.
At that time, the main buildings in Beidaihe were the villas of different heights, unique shapes and styles built there by foreigners during the Beiyang Warlord period, as well as some small villas added during the Japanese occupation and the Kuomintang rule. Not many were built after the founding of New China, mainly because the local climate was humid and the time available for vacation was not long. The Beidaihe Ten Mile Long Beach in 1960 can be roughly divided into three parts: the east part belongs to Dongshan District, where the Beijing Military Region and Hebei Province built some houses, and it basically belongs to Hebei Province; the middle area is the urban area of Beidaihe, 50 It was still a small town in the 1960s and 1960s, and the government agencies of the State Council built some houses there as a place for summer vacations; the west area belongs to the Central Government, also known as the Central Government Sanatorium, and is managed by the General Office of the Central Committee. Further west are the army houses. There are some villas where the General Staff, General Logistics and General Administration are located, but not too many. At that time, they were relatively desolate. The most lively ones were in the Central District.
The West District, where the center is located, is relatively quiet. The Central District and the West District are isolated and guarded by security personnel. There is a relatively flat place on the hillside in the west area where an auditorium was built. Cultural performances, movies, and entertainment activities are all there. To the east of the auditorium is Mao Zedong's residence, which is a row of relatively large bungalows, namely Building 1 of Zhongzhi Sanatorium. The east end of the house is the accommodation, the west end is the reception area, and the middle is the study and dining room. Liu Shaoqi lived in a villa halfway up the mountain, and several other leaders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China lived in villas surrounding the small auditorium. Most were bungalows, and a few were buildings. Only Premier Zhou Enlai and Dong Biwu lived in two-story villas next to the road near the sea.
In those years, as a courtesy, Beidaihe received model workers and fighting heroes across the country; as an honor, Beidaihe became the designated place for party and state leaders to work during the summer vacation.As for the birth of the Beidaihe Diplomatic Embassy, it marks the convenience and respect provided by an independent sovereign country to its distinguished guests and friends. As an important place under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs serving the diplomatic route, the hotel reflects the Chinese people's friendship with foreign countries and the dignity of national sovereignty.
Leaders by the Beidaihe
Illustration: Zhu De and geologist Li Siguang by the Beidaihe
Zhu De: the first central leader to live in Beidaihe
In June 1949, the people who were not in charge of important work due to poor health at that time Zhu De, commander-in-chief of the People's Liberation Army, came to the Beidaihe seaside. He was the first central leader to come here and lived in Building 1 of the former Railway Hotel. Since then, Zhu De came to Beidaihe for rest and recuperation almost every year until the year before his death. He once said with emotion to his wife Kang Keqing: "This mountain is ideal. It would be best if I could be placed on this mountain after my death." Even so, this old revolutionary still followed the spirit of a thorough materialist. In response to Mao Zedong's call for party leaders to be cremated after death, there was no burial.
Illustration: Mao Zedong presiding over a meeting in Beidaihe
Mao Zedong: Go swimming every day
In the early days of the liberation of New China, there was a lot of waste waiting to be done. The central leaders were extremely busy and would never rest as long as their bodies could support it. Although Mao Zedong had heard about Beidaihe for a long time and loved swimming very much, he did not go to Beidaihe, which was very close to Beijing, for more than four years after liberation.
Mao Zedong went to Beidaihe for the first time in April 1954. I live in "Zhangjia Building". Out of a habit, Mao Zedong did not like to live in western-style villas and would rather live in bungalows, but he liked the rooms to be tall and spacious. That's why the Zhongzhi Sanatorium built Building No. 1, which was actually a row of bungalows. This became the place where Chairman Mao came to work during the summer every year.
Illustration: Mao Zedong's famous article "Langtaosha·Beidaihe "
Mao Zedong visited Beidaihe for the first time in April 1954, and stayed here for a long time in the summer of that year, until September. After other leaders returned to Beijing, he remained there, which shows that he likes this place very much.
As for the scene that summer, Xu Tao, a health doctor who was around Mao Zedong at the time, vividly recorded it in his memoirs.
In 1954, Mao Zedong came to Beidaihe and worked in Beidaihe. Considering that he would come here frequently in the future, Zhongzhi Nursing Home built Building 1 specifically for him. This summer, central leaders came very frequently, making it convenient for meetings. After work every day, Mao Zedong must go for a swim. During that year of swimming, there were a few things that left a particularly deep impression on me.
Mao Zedong liked the excitement of swimming, especially swimming in groups with young boys and girls. At this time, he will be full of energy, talking and laughing. He stroked sideways and backstrokes naturally and easily. While swimming, he chatted with young people and was in high spirits.
One day, he got excited about swimming and brought up the old conversation again. He suddenly shouted to me: "Xiao Xu, aren't you a good swimmer? Let's compare." Okay, let's compare speed. "I moved closer to him. "You are smart, and I am not stupid either. I don't compete with you for speed, I compete with you for endurance and durability. "That won't work. The competition is all about speed." "I knew that Mao Zedong would not come ashore when he got into the water, so he just kept swimming. I couldn't do it. He would suffer from cramps as time went by. "Don't lie to me. Those who are better at speed are better at endurance. To reach the other side of victory, you must first have endurance. You have to persist for a long time and swim far. "
Mao Zedong took his time and just swam farther away. The ease with which he swam was exactly as he later wrote in his poem: "No matter the wind or waves, it's better than strolling in the garden." After half an hour, I couldn't hold on any longer. , panting, climbed onto the boat, and took a boat trip with Mao Zedong on the sea. Mao Zedong pointed at me and said sarcastically: "He is very evolved. He is very capable. If he can't swim to the shore, he rows across the shore." "Everyone laughed. Many people couldn't swim for long and had to get on the boat to take a breath before going into the water to swim with Mao Zedong.Mao Zedong only went into the water once every time he swam, and he had to swim as long as he could. If you don’t have enough, you won’t go ashore, and once you get ashore, you won’t go into the water again. No matter whether he is walking or swimming, he always says the same thing: "I don't like to do things that look back." As usual, Mao Zedong swam for more than an hour and finally landed after our repeated persuasion.
The guards dried Mao Zedong's body. Mao Zedong walked on the beach and muttered something. He recited this every day. Sometimes when he was tired from work at night, he would also recite the same recitation when he went out to watch the sea. After hearing it many times, I remembered it: "To the east is the Jieshi to view the sea. The water and rivers are rippling, and the mountains and islands are towering. There are thick trees and luxuriant grass. . The autumn wind is bleak, and the waves are rising. If the sun and the moon are out of it, it is so lucky to be out of it. "
In those days, Mao Zedong always read "The Source of Ancient Poems". One day, he asked the guard to find a map. While looking up the map, he said: "Cao Cao has been here." I was surprised: "Cao Cao has been here too?" "Of course he has, and he has been to Jieshi Mountain.. In May of the twelfth year of Jian'an, troops were sent to conquer Wuhuan. In September, the troops passed by Jieshi Mountain and wrote "Viewing the Sea"
. In this year, Mao Zedong stayed in Beidaihe for the longest time. All the other central leaders left, but he did not leave. Until the cold weather in September, he still went to the sea to swim every day. It's a pity that I couldn't go with him when he climbed Jieshi Mountain. He wrote the famous poem "langtaosha?beidaihe". He said that Li Yu, the late emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty, also wrote "Lang Tao Sha". Li Yu's lyrics have good artistic conception and language, but he doesn't like the soft style and sad mood. He said that he still likes Cao Cao's poems. They are majestic, generous and sad. He is a real man and generous.
I like Mao Zedong's "Langtaosha". Especially in the last two sentences, Cao Cao's "Autumn wind is bleak" is reversed, and it becomes "The bleak autumn wind is now again, and the world has changed." Following Mao Zedong, welcoming the autumn wind and listening to the ocean tide, the artistic conception and emotion in the words are particularly strong, which can be said to be touching.
Xu Tao’s memory vividly depicts Mao Zedong’s mood at that time. At this time, the construction of New China was booming, and Mao Zedong was in a very good mood. In addition to swimming, he also touched the scene and got to know Cao Cao again, and the criteria used were to break the orthodox ideas of feudal literati for thousands of years centered on the Han Dynasty with the surname Liu, and used the criteria of "developing production, implementing the farming system, and supervising land reclamation, Promote the rule of law and promote frugality, so that the society that has suffered great damage can begin to stabilize, recover, and develop." This productivity standard. This correct view of history was indeed refreshing to the people at that time.
Illustration: Mao Zedong stood thinking by the Beidaihe River
The majestic Beidaihe not only recorded the majestic appearance of a generation of great men tumbling in the sea, but also issued the voice of the leader of the mountains and rivers: the implementation of people's communes throughout the country; large-scale steel smelting; bombardment of Kinmen. All are gone, and there are many famous figures. Although history has clearly tested these decisions made in Beidaihe, the Chinese people still admire and marvel at Chairman Mao Zedong's courage and charisma to handle the wind and clouds and look down on the heaven and earth.
Illustration: Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao by the Beidaihe River
Zhou Enlai: Deep love with Deng Yingchao and his wife Every July and August are the days when leaders go to Beidaihe. However, our busy Premier Zhou is always busy with various things. He handles various government affairs in Beijing, so summer vacation naturally gives way to work.
For a long time after the liberation of the country, Premier Zhou's wife Deng Yingchao has been frail and sick and in a state of recuperation. Since the mid-1950s, she has also gone to Beidaihe for summer vacation and recuperation, and often arrived in Beidaihe before Premier Zhou.
In the summer of 1958, Deng Yingchao had been in Beidaihe for several days, but Premier Zhou Enlai, who had promised to arrive soon, had yet to arrive. The Prime Minister, who is devoted to the affairs of the Republic, will always have something to deal with suddenly, and he will be unable to escape if he gets stuck. At times like this, even though they are an old couple, Deng Yingchao still misses the Prime Minister a lot. So I would make a call to Beijing every day.She dialed the phone and could roughly tell Premier Zhou's physical condition with just "hello" and knew whether he had a cold or coughed again. The two of them always have such a tacit understanding and love.
Liu Shaoqi and Wang Guangmei
Once, Xiao Yuanyin, the daughter of Deng Yingchao’s secretary Zhang Yuan, taught Deng Yingchao to sing "Meeting in Obo" and changed "I am waiting for the beautiful girl" to "I am waiting for the person in my heart" Yo". Deng Yingchao then called Premier Zhou Enlai and sang a song "Meet Aobao". Zhou Enlai was very surprised when he heard this and said: "When did you learn to sing this song?" Deng Yingchao said: "Dami (Xiao Yuanyin) is here with me. She knew that I missed you, so she taught me to sing this song. She also said that after you listen, it’s time to come over. "
The song "Meeting in Aobao" expresses endless longing. Two like-minded people have seen countless scenes of life, sharing weal and woe, and watch the long flow of water together hand in hand.
Group photo in Beidaihe: Zhou Enlai (first from right) Huang Jing (second from right) Han Wenxin (third from right) Chen Yi (second from left) Deng Yingchao (first from left)
Illustration: Deng Xiaoping: "Meeting" the Masses in the Bathhouse
Deng Xiaoping vs. Beidaihe seaside is very familiar and emotional. He especially loves the sea here. Every year on the day he arrives in Beidaihe, he goes to the sea, and on the day he leaves, he goes to the sea. No matter how cold the weather was or how big the waves were, he was reluctant to give up. At the bathing beach, Comrade Xiaoping liked to mingle with the people. When he went ashore to rest, he often waved to them and sometimes talked for a while, leaving people with good memories. On the morning of August 4, 1980, Comrade Xiaoping took a dip in Xishan Bathing Beach for nearly two hours. After changing clothes ashore, Comrade Xiaoping, his wife Zhuo Lin and their daughter rested in the corridor of the bathing beach. When tourists knew that Deng Xiaoping was here, they all slowed down and looked eagerly into the aisles, hoping to catch a glimpse of this nationally respected leader. As if he had read the thoughts of the tourists, Deng Xiaoping motioned to Zhuo Lin to sit aside and open the eyes of the tourists. This suddenly shortened the distance between the party and state leaders and the ordinary people. After a while, Comrade Xiaoping walked to the balcony of the bathhouse and sat on a wicker chair to enjoy the sea view. He looked around at the tourists from time to time and found that many people were taking pictures where he was sitting, but the distance was too far, and a few seemed to want to get closer. Seeing this situation, he called the guards and asked them to invite tourists to come and take a group photo. He personally selected a place with steps and invited a local photographer. Everyone stepped forward and took their seats. Comrade Xiaoping then made a request to the photographer: "It's best if everyone doesn't block it." After taking the photo, he asked the photographer: "There is a cost for taking a group photo, and each person has one photo." Participate. The tourists who took the photo this time were all by chance. Most of them were students from Tsinghua University and Peking University, but there were also some workers, cadres and People's Liberation Army soldiers. Comrade Xiaoping's "meeting" and words made everyone very excited, and everyone applauded happily for a long time.
Source: China News Weekly
