During primary school:
Keywords: Develop good habits, concentration, self-confidence
『01』
The primary school stage is a critical period for developing good study habits
Especially in the first and second grade
When entering elementary school, children begin to receive formal and systematic education Study, this is a critical period for cultivating children to form good study habits. Many parents think that children should play more in the lower grades of elementary school, and by the time they reach the upper grades, habits will naturally form. This is extremely wrong.
Children in lower grades worship "authority", trust teachers unconditionally, and obey the guidance of teachers and parents.
At this time, good study habits are easy to establish and consolidate; bad study habits are easy to correct if discovered in time.
If you don't pay attention to cultivation, bad habits will accumulate and become stable, which will not only affect the establishment of good habits, but will also be difficult to correct after reaching middle and senior grades.
『02』
The primary school stage mainly cultivates children’s basic and expanded learning habits.
Learning habits include many contents. At the primary school stage, the learning habits that children need to cultivate are mainly basic learning habits, followed by expanded learning habits and personalized learning habits. There are no hard requirements.
Basic learning habits: refers to the basic learning habits that children must have in order to adapt to study and life, with more emphasis on behavioral norms. For example, habits such as listening carefully, writing carefully, previewing and reviewing, completing homework independently, and studying independently.
Expansive learning habits: refers to the learning habits that children need to have in order to adapt to expanded and exploratory learning. For example, habits such as cooperative learning and searching for information.
personalized learning habits: refers to children who have obvious personal and special learning habits. For example, habits such as sorting out knowledge relationships and establishing structure diagrams to memorize knowledge.
『03』
Children lack the ability to self-control, and the development of study habits will be repeated, and they need to rely on adult supervision.
The development of study habits is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. In primary school, especially in the lower grades, children have poor self-monitoring and management awareness, so there will be repeated phenomena in the process of cultivating study habits. In this process, parents need to take the trouble to perform their supervisory duties and remind them repeatedly that when their children have bad habits, they need to point out and tell their children in time, and work with their children to consolidate good habits and correct bad habits.
provides clear and specific content for each habit (such as writing posture, reading posture, habit of writing homework on time, checking homework), so that children can clearly understand the specific content of the habit. For example, instead of simply telling your child to "write well," you should tell your child to "write neatly, stroke by stroke, in the correct order."
provides explanations and demonstrations before training children's behaviors, and breaks down specific actions or behavioral requirements when necessary. Try to be specific, clear, simple, and easy to operate so that children can follow the rules. You must persevere, as cultivating children's learning habits is a long-term process.
『04』
Correcting a bad habit is far more "effortful" than cultivating a good habit.
Once a bad habit is formed, it takes some time and "effort" to correct it. Because whether it is bad habits or good habits, they are inherent behaviors of children. Therefore, it is important to cultivate children's good study habits from an early age and reduce the need to correct bad habits.
During the training process, children can be well motivated by letting them understand the importance of good study habits. For example, children always lie down to read and do homework. You can tell your child: "Your current posture is wrong. This will easily cause your vision to decline, and you will eventually need to wear glasses to see clearly.""Then put a pair of flat glasses on the child, let the child jump up, shake his head and other actions to feel the inconvenience caused by wearing glasses...
『05』
Develop detailed rules with the child to help the child develop good habits Study habits
Discuss specific rules with children, explain the specific regulations clearly, formulate an attractive and binding reward and punishment measure, and strictly implement it
7 key points in formulating rules with children
. Discuss and classify them together. Discuss with the children to classify the rules that need to be followed.
For example, classify the study habits that need to be cultivated, correct postures, daily routines, etc. Select the most important rules from each category and classify the less important ones. Delete, preferably no more than 7 items.
. The content of each provision needs to be clear and clear, and avoid being vague.
For example, "You must complete it on time" is not as good as "The homework of the day must be completed before 9 o'clock."
. Avoid negative and wrong information.
That is, do not use words with negative meanings such as "no" or "don't" because such statements emphasize wrong behavior and may be counterproductive. "Not later than 9 o'clock" is not as good as "go to bed before 9 o'clock".
. Discuss the punishment details together to ensure the binding and motivating effect of the rules.
. Listen to opinions and choose a time to discuss the rules when both parties are in a happy mood.
The child clearly explains the meaning of each rule and fully listens to everyone's opinions in order to improve and refine the rules.
. Co-sign. When all parties have no objections to the content of the rules, print out the agreement and have the child and parents sign it together.
. Post the agreement in a conspicuous place as a reminder.
For example, on the child's desk, on the child's doorstep, etc.
If you think the previous point is too general and unrealistic, then we will break down each of the key issues below! ! ! The most important thing is action and persistence! !
Concentration : Without concentration, there is no learning efficiency. However, children’s attention is easily diverted or attracted. In the era of fragmented reading, it is difficult for adults to focus on one thing for a long time.
Primary school students are naturally active, so how can we cultivate their concentration?
Level 1 Don’t be distracted while listening
Training purpose: To train students’ learning ability, so that students can concentrate on listening in class, write homework carefully, not be careless in exams, and improve their academic performance.
training requirements: train for 10 minutes every day, train at home after school and before doing homework. Parents will supervise the training. You must insist on training every day, and the effect will be obvious.
. Digital fax
training method: parents read each of the following numbers once, and the children write down the numbers they heard from memory after listening.
For example: Parents read: 68715 After listening, the children write on the paper: 68715
. Listening word training
Training method: Parents read the following passage, and the children listen carefully. When they hear the word "一", they type it on the paper with a pen. "√", after parents finish reading, count the number of "one" characters until the number recorded by the child is the same as the number of "one" characters in the passage.
There is a little bird. Its home is on the highest branch. Its feathers are not yet full and it cannot fly. Every day it just chirps at home and talks to two old birds. They are both I feel very happy. This morning, it woke up and the two old birds went looking for food. As soon as they saw the fiery red sun, they were scared again because the sun was too big. Then they saw a big leaf on a tree. There was a little bird standing on the leaf, eating pests. The pests ate a lot. Leaves prevent big trees from growing up. Big trees are our good friends. Every tree produces oxygen and allows each of us to breathe.
During primary school:
Keywords: Develop good habits, concentration, self-confidence
『01』
The primary school stage is a critical period for developing good study habits
Especially in the first and second grade
When entering elementary school, children begin to receive formal and systematic education Study, this is a critical period for cultivating children to form good study habits. Many parents think that children should play more in the lower grades of elementary school, and by the time they reach the upper grades, habits will naturally form. This is extremely wrong.
Children in lower grades worship "authority", trust teachers unconditionally, and obey the guidance of teachers and parents.
At this time, good study habits are easy to establish and consolidate; bad study habits are easy to correct if discovered in time.
If you don't pay attention to cultivation, bad habits will accumulate and become stable, which will not only affect the establishment of good habits, but will also be difficult to correct after reaching middle and senior grades.
『02』
The primary school stage mainly cultivates children’s basic and expanded learning habits.
Learning habits include many contents. At the primary school stage, the learning habits that children need to cultivate are mainly basic learning habits, followed by expanded learning habits and personalized learning habits. There are no hard requirements.
Basic learning habits: refers to the basic learning habits that children must have in order to adapt to study and life, with more emphasis on behavioral norms. For example, habits such as listening carefully, writing carefully, previewing and reviewing, completing homework independently, and studying independently.
Expansive learning habits: refers to the learning habits that children need to have in order to adapt to expanded and exploratory learning. For example, habits such as cooperative learning and searching for information.
personalized learning habits: refers to children who have obvious personal and special learning habits. For example, habits such as sorting out knowledge relationships and establishing structure diagrams to memorize knowledge.
『03』
Children lack the ability to self-control, and the development of study habits will be repeated, and they need to rely on adult supervision.
The development of study habits is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. In primary school, especially in the lower grades, children have poor self-monitoring and management awareness, so there will be repeated phenomena in the process of cultivating study habits. In this process, parents need to take the trouble to perform their supervisory duties and remind them repeatedly that when their children have bad habits, they need to point out and tell their children in time, and work with their children to consolidate good habits and correct bad habits.
provides clear and specific content for each habit (such as writing posture, reading posture, habit of writing homework on time, checking homework), so that children can clearly understand the specific content of the habit. For example, instead of simply telling your child to "write well," you should tell your child to "write neatly, stroke by stroke, in the correct order."
provides explanations and demonstrations before training children's behaviors, and breaks down specific actions or behavioral requirements when necessary. Try to be specific, clear, simple, and easy to operate so that children can follow the rules. You must persevere, as cultivating children's learning habits is a long-term process.
『04』
Correcting a bad habit is far more "effortful" than cultivating a good habit.
Once a bad habit is formed, it takes some time and "effort" to correct it. Because whether it is bad habits or good habits, they are inherent behaviors of children. Therefore, it is important to cultivate children's good study habits from an early age and reduce the need to correct bad habits.
During the training process, children can be well motivated by letting them understand the importance of good study habits. For example, children always lie down to read and do homework. You can tell your child: "Your current posture is wrong. This will easily cause your vision to decline, and you will eventually need to wear glasses to see clearly.""Then put a pair of flat glasses on the child, let the child jump up, shake his head and other actions to feel the inconvenience caused by wearing glasses...
『05』
Develop detailed rules with the child to help the child develop good habits Study habits
Discuss specific rules with children, explain the specific regulations clearly, formulate an attractive and binding reward and punishment measure, and strictly implement it
7 key points in formulating rules with children
. Discuss and classify them together. Discuss with the children to classify the rules that need to be followed.
For example, classify the study habits that need to be cultivated, correct postures, daily routines, etc. Select the most important rules from each category and classify the less important ones. Delete, preferably no more than 7 items.
. The content of each provision needs to be clear and clear, and avoid being vague.
For example, "You must complete it on time" is not as good as "The homework of the day must be completed before 9 o'clock."
. Avoid negative and wrong information.
That is, do not use words with negative meanings such as "no" or "don't" because such statements emphasize wrong behavior and may be counterproductive. "Not later than 9 o'clock" is not as good as "go to bed before 9 o'clock".
. Discuss the punishment details together to ensure the binding and motivating effect of the rules.
. Listen to opinions and choose a time to discuss the rules when both parties are in a happy mood.
The child clearly explains the meaning of each rule and fully listens to everyone's opinions in order to improve and refine the rules.
. Co-sign. When all parties have no objections to the content of the rules, print out the agreement and have the child and parents sign it together.
. Post the agreement in a conspicuous place as a reminder.
For example, on the child's desk, on the child's doorstep, etc.
If you think the previous point is too general and unrealistic, then we will break down each of the key issues below! ! ! The most important thing is action and persistence! !
Concentration : Without concentration, there is no learning efficiency. However, children’s attention is easily diverted or attracted. In the era of fragmented reading, it is difficult for adults to focus on one thing for a long time.
Primary school students are naturally active, so how can we cultivate their concentration?
Level 1 Don’t be distracted while listening
Training purpose: To train students’ learning ability, so that students can concentrate on listening in class, write homework carefully, not be careless in exams, and improve their academic performance.
training requirements: train for 10 minutes every day, train at home after school and before doing homework. Parents will supervise the training. You must insist on training every day, and the effect will be obvious.
. Digital fax
training method: parents read each of the following numbers once, and the children write down the numbers they heard from memory after listening.
For example: Parents read: 68715 After listening, the children write on the paper: 68715
. Listening word training
Training method: Parents read the following passage, and the children listen carefully. When they hear the word "一", they type it on the paper with a pen. "√", after parents finish reading, count the number of "one" characters until the number recorded by the child is the same as the number of "one" characters in the passage.
There is a little bird. Its home is on the highest branch. Its feathers are not yet full and it cannot fly. Every day it just chirps at home and talks to two old birds. They are both I feel very happy. This morning, it woke up and the two old birds went looking for food. As soon as they saw the fiery red sun, they were scared again because the sun was too big. Then they saw a big leaf on a tree. There was a little bird standing on the leaf, eating pests. The pests ate a lot. Leaves prevent big trees from growing up. Big trees are our good friends. Every tree produces oxygen and allows each of us to breathe.At this time, the old bird immediately flew over and ate the pests with the younger birds, making them full and eliminating pests for the people.
Level 2 Dictation training questions
. Word thinking
training method: Every time parents read a word, the child listens carefully. When he hears electrical appliances, he immediately raises his right hand, and when he hears school supplies, he immediately raises his left hand.
Stool, Desk, Washing Machine, Basketball TV, Bicycle, School Bag, Refrigerator, Workbook, Grapes, Air Conditioner, Electric Fan, Telephone, Quilt, Cup, Pen, Mobile Phone, Basketball, Badminton, Lighter, Plane, Sword
. Find the difference training
Training method: Listen carefully to A and B in the following sets of sentences. Sentence, quickly find out the differences between sentence B and sentence A.
Group 1:
A: The animals and plants in the woods fully enjoy the sunshine, rain and dew of nature and grow freely.
B: The animals and plants in the forest fully enjoy the sunshine, rain and dew of nature and grow freely.
Group 2:
A: I have a beautiful wish. When I grow up, I will be a botanist and grow the most beautiful flowers in the world for my mother.
B: I have a beautiful wish. When I grow up, I will be a botanist and grow the most beautiful flowers in the world for my mother.
Highlights of attention training for children
. Find numbers in order
my country's young mathematicians Yang Le and Zhang Guanghou used to do exercises quickly when they were young to strictly train themselves to concentrate. Here I will introduce to you a small game used in psychology to train attention. In a table with 25 small squares, shuffle the order of the numbers 1-25, fill them in, and then count from 1 to 25 as quickly as possible, pointing out while reading, and timing at the same time. Research shows that it takes 7-8-year-old children 30-50 seconds to find the numbers on each chart in order, with an average of 40-42 seconds; the time it takes for normal adults to look at a chart is about 25-30 seconds, and some people It can be shortened to ten seconds. You can make a few more training tables like this yourself and train them every day. I believe that your concentration level will gradually improve!
. Playing poker games
can exercise high concentration and quick reaction ability. Take three different cards (removing the flower cards) and arrange them randomly on the table, such as 2 of clubs, 3 of spades, and 5 of diamonds from left to right. Choose a card to remember, such as 2 of clubs, and let her Keep an eye on this card, then put the three cards upside down on the table. The parent can change the positions of the three cards at will, and then ask her to tell where the 2 of clubs is. If she guesses correctly, she wins, and the two take turns playing the game. As abilities improve, parents can increase the difficulty, such as increasing the number of cards, changing the number of card positions and increasing the speed of changing card positions.
This method can highly cultivate concentration of attention. Because it is a game, it is in line with children's psychological characteristics and is very popular with children. Children are highly motivated to play. Play for a while every day and your concentration will improve.
. Buy some intellectual training books, and insist on doing exercises every day
Some pictures and texts that exercise observation, attention, and memory, such as walking a maze, looking for something in a lot of pictures, looking for similarities and differences (finding differences among similarities, Find similarities in differences), compare sizes and lengths, memorize the items in the picture on a page within the specified time, then close the book and ask her to report them, etc. The time should not be too long, but the practice time can be extended in the future, and you must practice every day. If you do it correctly, you will be rewarded with red five stars or scored.
. Play the "train driving" game
This game requires more than three people and can be completed by a family of three. Of course, it would be better if grandparents or others participate. For the convenience of description, three people are taken as an example. The method is: three people sit in a circle, each of them reports a station name, and starts the "train" through a few dialogue words. For example, the father is regarded as Beijing station, the mother is regarded as Shanghai station, and the child is regarded as Guangzhou station . The father clapped his hands and shouted: "The train from Beijing is about to leave." Everyone clapped their hands and shouted: "Where is it going?" The father clapped his hands and shouted: "The train is leaving from Guangzhou". So, when the son was at Guangzhou Station, he immediately said: "The train from Guangzhou is about to leave." open."Everyone clapped their hands and shouted: "Where to go?" The son clapped his hands and shouted: "Shanghai!". In this way, whoever the train goes to must be able to catch it immediately. The faster the "train" goes, the better, and there is no need to wait in the middle. There are intervals.
This kind of game requires the simultaneous use of mouth, ears and heart, so it can highly concentrate and at the same time exercise the ability of quick thinking and reaction. Moreover, this kind of game has an active atmosphere and can arouse people's enthusiasm. Get up and enjoy it.
Self-confidence: Children are in primary school, usually between the ages of six and twelve. During this period, children have many growth tasks, and self-confidence is a very important growth task. .
Three key points for cultivating children’s self-confidence
The first aspect is encouragement, but it does not mean blind praise. Encouragement does not mean blind praise.
I often see parents like this when interacting with them. Misunderstanding, I feel that I often praise him, but why is my child still so unconfident?
Our advice to parents is to encourage their children more, so many parents equate encouragement with praise, thinking that as long as they praise them more, their children will be confident. . But this encouragement is actually to let the child try more things that he dare not do. For example, if the child encounters a difficult problem, his usual approach is "Oh, I won't do it. I don't know how to do this." Just say I don’t know how to do it, so what is the way to praise? The way to praise is to say "you are very smart", "you did a good job on the question", then what is the encouragement? The encouragement is "is this question difficult?" , you try it and see, what conditions have we already known at the beginning, and where will we go next?" etc. This is how we let the children try step by step. One of the core things that
encourages is to let the children Go try it. When the child is asked to try it, the child will not feel that the difficulty is very big, and he will have the mentality to try it bit by bit. After solving it, parents can give affirmation and say. "I'm really happy that you patiently tried to solve this problem and actually succeeded." Instead of just praising, the second aspect is to criticize appropriately.
Instead of praise, there must be a certain amount of criticism. Many parents want their children to do well and think that they need to criticize more and point out the problems more to them, so that the children can grow up healthily. But in fact, the more you criticize them, the better their children will be. At this stage when self-awareness has not yet been fully formed, his self-confidence will gradually disappear, so it is necessary for us to give criticism to our children, but you cannot do it too frequently.
This kind of criticism cannot be too frequent, just like praise cannot be too frequent. The principle is the same. Criticism should be appropriate and should be done in certain ways. You can first point out what the child has done well, and then put forward some of the parents' own small opinions.
Be careful when making criticisms. Think clearly about how you tell your children so that they can accept it. If you just get angry with him, then the child's emphasis on this issue will not be able to achieve the results you want.
The third aspect is not to put negative labels on children, but try to put some positive labels on children.
For example, you are a child who really loves to learn, you are a child who loves to work hard, and you are a child who is not afraid of difficulties. Of course, you cannot talk about these positive labels in a general way.
When a child really works hard to learn a skill, such as studying hard and learning to play basketball with the encouragement of his parents, then at this time, you can tell him that you are really a child who is not afraid of difficulties.
When you meet a child with low self-esteem who is unwilling to try new things, new skills, or learn new skills, don't give him negative labels, such as "You are such a stupid child" or "You are such a stupid child." Too lazy,” etc.Instead, give him some encouragement first, "Let's go take a look first. We can buy a basketball first." Then casually say to the child, "How about playing basketball first?" Let the child have the mentality of giving it a try, and then give the child a positive label after learning and mastering it.
Finally, a more practical question, composition writing that troubles primary school students
First of all, parents should understand one thing, that is, every child is different. Even if a great writer comes to teach, at least one out of ten random children will be unable to speak clearly by the fifth grade. Parents should be mentally prepared for this. Of course, children whose parents are busy and unattended or raised by elderly people may have a greater chance of having weak language skills because they received less training when they were young.
Some parents cannot accept that their children cannot write well in essays, so if their children do not write well in essays, they will be very impatient and disappointed. I have to say that this emotion from you (including the Chinese teacher) is the source of students’ lifelong aversion to writing.
There are several reasons why children cannot write well:
Insufficient ability. It is true that some children cannot write well no matter how you train them. Some of these children will change when they get older, and some may not be able to change in their lifetime.
Inner rejection. Children like often develop aversion to composition because the expectations of their parents and teachers are too high and they cannot bear it.
blindly caters. 's compositions that blindly cater to the tastes of parents and teachers are the most terrible thing, because the teachers and parents of children who write such compositions do not understand the meaning of the existence of the article, let alone the significance of composition teaching. In my daily work, I often see my colleagues teaching composition classes by copying them. The so-called teaching method is just to find a few primary school student compositions on the Internet for the children to imitate. Such teachers are not capable of guiding children to write good compositions. If things go on like this, no matter how spiritual a child is, he will develop a relatively vulgar aesthetic, let alone write good compositions.
doesn’t like writing. I have always emphasized to colleagues, parents and children that even in fifth grade, the number of words in primary school students’ compositions should not exceed 500, because for children, the act of writing itself is a huge burden. Many children are not without ideas when it comes to composition, but their hearts collapse at the thought of having to write so many words.
Hide your heart. No matter how small the composition is, it is still an exposure of the heart. If children have not received positive comments from parents and teachers for a long time, or have had the experience of being criticized for expressing a certain point of view, they will become wary. There are really many such children, so composition teaching really needs an extremely tolerant environment.
The two answers above have already talked about how to write Chinese well, so I will talk about what parents should do. No matter why children are reluctant to write essays or cannot write essays well, parents should treat them with a tolerant and appreciative attitude.
For children who are already in fifth grade and are not allowed to use related words and speak confusingly (there are really some!!!) parents should try to be calm and not let the composition affect the child's self-confidence in other aspects.
For children with no ability problems, parents can try to do the following things:
Read the text with the children, communicate with each other and share their favorite words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs. Parents should first state the reasons for their liking and guide them step by step. The children also talk about it.
The attitude must be equal and gentle, children must be allowed to speak freely, and children's ideas must not be denied easily. This can gradually eliminate the barriers between children, parents and texts, and can also help parents understand their children's abilities and understand the textbook text. This process is to cultivate children's feeling for the beauty of literature. Only by being able to feel beauty can children have the desire to "create beauty."
Write a composition on the same topic with your children. Many parents think that writing essays is not difficult, and they don’t know why it is so difficult.
Parents who think so, I advise you to write it yourself.After you finish writing it, read it again to see how much better it is than what your child wrote. I believe that at least half of the parents will blush... Some parents have not written for twenty years, and they dare to casually say that compositions are easy to write. It is really ridiculous. Therefore, I advise parents that if they want to help their children write, they must write it together with their children to feel the magic of these 300 to 500 words. Just like reading texts, parents can review each other's compositions with their children to stimulate their children's interest in writing and reviewing.
If the child is still young, you can start with extracurricular readings. Buy a variety of great books for your children, but don't force them to read.
About the modification: I think composition practice in primary school should not pursue perfection. Exercises should also be primarily based on evaluation and supplemented by revision. Do not revise an exercise more than twice (except for children who take the initiative to revise it). If there are one or two good words, good sentences or exquisite structure in the article, you should be encouraged and appreciated. In the long run, the children themselves will pursue good words and sentences.
Excessive modification will destroy the child's self-confidence and cause the child to have a negative and avoidant attitude.
About the structure: In the primary school stage, for compositions about people, scenes, objects, reasoning, etc., parents can guide their children to pay attention to the excellent structure of the sample essays when they read the text together. After reviewing the exercises, they can imitate the text structure with their children. Make an outline and conceive the exercise according to the outline. If the two texts have different structures, you can make two outlines, and parents and students can each choose one to complete.
Chinese, that is, language, is inherently a social subject. Children alone cannot achieve the results expected by parents if they work alone. They must communicate and discuss with each other. Only in this way can language expression be meaningful. Therefore, in order to develop children's language skills, parents must not stay out of the matter, but must participate and promote equal communication with their children.
The above is a senior Chinese teacher with many years of teaching experience. It has obvious effects on most students, but not obvious effects on some students. If parents can spare half an hour every day to accompany their children to experience the beauty of Chinese language, I believe the effect will be even better.
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During junior high school:
Keywords: multi-discipline, not falling behind, wrong question set
Let’s start with the learning experience and study plan of a top student who scored 743 points in the high school entrance examination Look up! ! !
Four major learning methods in junior high school:
1. In the long run, the foundation of junior high school is very important.
The learning content in junior high school is very simple, but the basic learning and study habits are very critical to high school learning.
China’s education is a process of continuous elimination.
If you have good grades in junior high school, you will have a better chance of going to a better high school and having access to better teachers and learning environment. These factors can greatly stimulate your potential and take your high school grades to a higher level.
On the other hand, if you don’t study well in junior high school, it will be very difficult and require a lot of effort to improve your studies in high school.
Take me for example. I studied until at least 12pm every day in high school, but I still felt like I was missing something. No matter how hard I tried, it was difficult to get into the ranks of top players.
All the top students around me who went to Peking University, Tsinghua University, Fudan University, and Jiaotong University were very good at least since junior high school. None of them had poor grades before, but woke up halfway and studied hard and went to Qingbei University.
2. Pay attention to the cultivation of learning methods to make learning more effective with half the effort.
China’s teaching staff also has a pyramid structure. The higher the institution, the higher the level of the teachers and the stronger their abilities. Maybe these teachers don't have a clear idea of how to learn
and how to improve efficiency.
Most of them are very diligent and responsible, but they still fall into inefficient efforts.
Here I summarize several core principles.
. Drawing inferences from one instance and making multiple summaries is the way to go.
We will all encounter this situation: I understand it in class, but can't do it by myself; or I can't do a math problem, and I suddenly understand it after looking at the answer, but after a while, I can't do the same problem again. .
The reason is that I didn’t think deeply and didn’t do it myself.
doesn’t count as understanding if you understand it, and it doesn’t count as understanding if you understand it.
Therefore, when doing the questions, you must carefully analyze your ideas, what conditions the question gives you, and what conclusions can be drawn based on these conditions combined with the axioms and theorems.
actually solves a problem, just like a puzzle, it is all pieced together based on these clues.
If you don’t understand the basic concepts clearly or in place, or you haven’t accumulated many types of questions, and you haven’t thought deeply about them, you won’t be able to think of these clues, so you can’t answer the questions.
A real master can figure out the question maker's thinking, see the question stem, guess what knowledge points the question maker wants to test, and think in this direction when solving the question.
In addition, you should pay attention to drawing inferences from one example, that is to say, in the process of doing the questions, you should constantly recall and compare the previous questions of the same type, what are the differences between them, and what are the differences in the solutions.
If the question stem has changed, and are there any new solutions? In short, the more you think about, the better. In this way, you are not just doing one question, but you have recalled all the relevant knowledge points and done all similar questions. , so the efficiency is high.
In addition, for science study, you must prepare two notebooks, one is a wrong question book, and the other is a good question book.
Look over the questions you got wrong, find your weak links, deepen your impression, and avoid making the same mistakes in the future.
Good questions refer to questions that can connect many knowledge points together, or have very novel ideas for solving problems. Repeating the questions can further strengthen the core knowledge points, use points to cover the area, and extend more questions.
. The principle of memory lies in active recall and repetition.
What is active recall?
For example, if you look at an English word, look at the English, and then look at the Chinese meaning, there will be no recall, and the effect will be very poor.
If you cover up the Chinese first, read the English to recall the Chinese meaning, and then read the Chinese explanation, this is called active recall. The effect of active recall is much better than the effect of passive acceptance.
is repeated multiple times, which means you can’t expect to remember it once.
Human memory is essentially a process of fighting against forgetting.
So whether you are memorizing words or doing science exercises, come back and review them every once in a while, so that the memory effect is good.
. Develop the habit of previewing and reviewing.
Many students do not have the habit of previewing, which is actually very important.
If you can understand new knowledge before you come into contact with it, you can go to the lecture with questions.
Especially in high school, learning things is relatively difficult. If you don’t preview, you will be led by the teacher during class. If you don’t understand one knowledge point, you will not understand everything else, and then you will come back again. It is not efficient to read books and study supplementary materials.
Therefore, in junior high school, it is necessary to develop the habit of previewing before class.
After-class review, in fact, the principle mentioned above is that multiple repetitions are beneficial to memory.
Close the books before doing your homework at night.
Think back to what the teacher said today and why he said it, further sort out the knowledge points, then read the book again and start writing homework. This is called review after class.
. Practice a lot and work hard in peacetime.
There are also some students who are always careless when taking exams, and even take a chance: if I pay more attention in the big exam, it will be fine.
In fact, carelessness in exams and carelessness in answering questions are all caused by insufficient effort.
If you don’t practice enough, you will naturally make stupid mistakes because you are not sensitive to knowledge points or numbers.
is not careful at ordinary times. How can we expect not to be careless during the formal exam? This is impossible.
Therefore, every exercise, every homework, and every quiz should be regarded as a big test.
. Read the review materials carefully and don’t be greedy for too much.
Some students may fall into the problem-solving tactic and feel uncomfortable without doing more exercises from the book.
I would rather choose a more comprehensive book and repeat it more than two times. The first time is just for a preliminary understanding, and the second time is a summary.
This is better than roughly completing 3 exercise sets.
. Teaching and learning.
means that when you summarize the question type, you can imagine yourself as a teacher. If a classmate asks you how to solve this question, what aspects should you look at in order to explain the question clearly.
This point stems from discussing topics with classmates in the past. I found that asking me questions and having me help others answer them was more helpful for me to sort out my thoughts.
3. Pay attention to the study of Chinese and English.
Why do I recommend paying attention to the study of English and Chinese in junior high school?
Because these two subjects require accumulation.
Strategically speaking, people with a good foundation in English language will not have to spend too much time studying these two courses in high school, and can maintain their scores at a very high level.
In this way, you can spend a lot of time studying mathematics, physics, chemistry, or liberal arts content in high school.
For example, my younger brother basically didn’t study Chinese and English when he entered high school. He spent all his time on mathematics, physics and chemistry, which naturally gives him a competitive advantage.
On the contrary, if you do not learn English and Chinese well in junior high school, you will find that it is difficult to improve your scores in these two subjects in high school.
Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry or Liberal Arts have to be tackled hard, so you will feel like you are being attacked from both sides in your studies.
. How to improve Chinese scores.
How to learn Chinese? It's nothing more than reading more, accumulating more, investing more time, and using the repetitive memory rules I mentioned above.
Many people think that I am Chinese and do not need to learn Chinese; or that I don’t know how to learn Chinese, and even if I learn it, there will be no improvement.
This is also a huge misunderstanding.
Chinese will become more and more important. In the past, the college entrance examination was 150 points, but now it is 180 points.
When you ask whether Chinese language can be improved, first ask yourself how long you have spent learning Chinese.
If you are really attentive and devoted, your Chinese scores will definitely improve.
What I want to say here is that we should pay attention to developing problem-solving skills.
To put it simply, you have to study the real questions and answers of previous high school entrance examinations.
For example, for reading comprehension questions, you have to answer them yourself first, and then look at the standard answers.
What is the difference between your own answer and the standard answer? Why is the standard answer good? What is so good about it? What is the person who asked the question testing? What kind of answer is the scoring point? Cultivate yourself to be sensitive to the standard answer.
In this way, in the formal examination, the way and style of answering questions will be close to the style and routine of standard answers, and it is easy to obtain high scores.
To improve your composition writing, it is recommended to buy a classic full-score composition book.
Then read it more than 5 times, copy and memorize the good cases and paragraphs in it, and use it in your own compositions. If you read it more, you will naturally be able to flexibly apply these good words, sentences and paragraphs into your own articles. go.
. How to improve your English scores.
In fact, this is also a big topic. I will make a framework first and then gradually improve it.
(1) Listening. There is only one way to improve listening in , which is dictation.The steps of dictation are to take out the listening test questions from the previous high school entrance examinations, then listen to them sentence by sentence, and write them down. If you can’t understand a sentence after listening to it 5 times, it means that this sentence has a weak link in your listening, and you can skip listening. Next sentence, after listening to the whole text, listen again from beginning to end to check. Finally, compare what you wrote with the standard answers. The incorrect parts are your listening weaknesses. Underline them and read them again and again.
It will be very painful in the early stage, but if you listen for a month, you can basically guarantee that you will only make 1-2 mistakes in your listening, or even get all of them correct.
(2) words. recommends printing out all the vocabulary lists in junior high school, and then reading them over and over again, using the principle of repetition I just mentioned. and if possible, you can also memorize high school vocabulary, which will greatly improve your vocabulary. Then look at reading comprehension, just like a story meeting.
(4) Composition. is the same as the Chinese composition preparation. Buy a perfect composition collection, and then memorize it from time to time, rewrite it constantly, and apply it to your own articles.
4. Don’t go astray.
Junior middle school students tend to be emotional. Sometimes the teacher will criticize them, so they lose interest in the subject and stop studying. I would also like to suggest that learning is ultimately your own business, and don’t let this kind of thing affect your future.
went astray, including joining some gangster groups, and the people around me who were in this circle did not end well.
is also addicted to online games, mobile games, and Douyin. has to do one thing at a time. If important things are delayed, you will regret it later.
----------------------------------Gorgeous dividing line---------- ------------------
During high school:
Keywords: reasonable allocation, hot pursuit, sprinting by subject
After reading this, I believe you are already tired, no Now that I’ve talked about those chicken-blooded strategies that can be found everywhere, let’s continue with the fun stuff! ! !
Bruce Lee once said this: I am not afraid of meeting an opponent who has practiced 10,000 kinds of kicks, but I am afraid of meeting a strong opponent who has only practiced one kind of kick 10,000 times.
Martial arts is like this, and high school study is actually the same. The college entrance examination is not afraid of how many books you have read and how many exercises you have done, but it is afraid that you will memorize the key points of each book and the solution ideas of each exercise, so as to draw inferences from one instance and reveal the other cases. Open its true colors.
always can't remember the knowledge points to be memorized. He studies the questions several times, but fails to remember the solution ideas and cannot apply them to other topics. In the end, it becomes "blind brushing". When this happens to
, it’s not that you don’t review carefully, let alone doubt your ability, it’s just that you didn’t use the right method.
Practice has proved: A behavior that lasts for more than 30 days will form a stable behavior, and a habit will be formed after more than 100 days.
The following efficient learning methods will help you ace your exams! It is said that top academics from Peking University and Tsinghua University are using these learning methods! quickly collect it!
1, attention stability theory:
attention stability must be previewed purposefully. Attention does not remain stable for a long time, but changes periodically. Generally speaking, if the class lasts for 45 minutes, the real effective time is about 20 minutes.
Therefore, in order to become a top student, effective classroom time must be used to listen to key points, difficult points, and method ideas. To achieve this, it is very important to preview in advance with a purpose, and you must listen to the lecture with questions. Many people don't understand this. They either don't preview, or they preview in confusion. Although they listen with their eyes wide open, they can only prove to themselves that there is indeed a difference in IQ!
Listening to the key points in class is so important. Listen to the class with questions . Once the teacher explains the content of the question, pay full attention!
2, memory decline theory: must review in time
German psychologist Ebbinghaus found that forgetting begins immediately after learning, and the forgetting process is not uniform. Forgetting happens quickly at first, then gradually.Teacher
told us that it is very important to review in time, but the experiment also proved that it is also very important to arrange the review time reasonably. It does not mean that review is effective. Reviewing at the correct time will get twice the result with half the effort!
What is the best time node? The suggestion given by the
experiment is to repeat the html after 15 minutes, repeat it again after 20 minutes, 1 hour later, 12 hours later, 1 day later, 2 days later, 5 days later, 8 days later, 14 days later. It will be remembered very firmly and it is difficult. Forget again.
But for more arduous learning, this is almost impossible. Teacher Guo’s personal practice is: immediate recitation is crucial (short-term memory is converted into long-term memory), and review within 12 hours or before going to bed is very important (preferably through question consolidation) , review three times after 1 day, 2 days, and 8 days, and the effect is usually very good.
3, Memory Coding Theory: You must build a knowledge tree by hand
Cognitive psychology research points out that the memory effect depends on the information encoding method, and "deep-level" processing is more conducive to the memory and retrieval of knowledge than "shallow-level" processing. In other words, memory and understanding depend on how information is processed.
The depth of processing is difficult to measure and define, and varies from time to time, but effective deep processing must establish a connection between memory content and known information, and establishing a knowledge tree is the most effective way to connect knowledge through a tree structure.
Take exam study as an example. Books are not a disorderly accumulation of knowledge points, but a tree structure. A node is a question. What we have to do is to build and improve this knowledge tree and constantly adjust it during learning. , add and delete nodes, and continuously develop and strengthen this knowledge tree.
Once the knowledge tree is built, each node is a thought, and each thought is a connection with the surrounding knowledge nodes. The connection between the knowledge becomes closer and closer, and the knowledge tree becomes more and more organized and organized. The more vitality you have, the more likely you are to understand and comprehend many problems, instead of being a messy mess with no clue!
4, Implicit Language Theory: Breaking the Learning Illusion
Many times we think we have learned well, but we mistake familiarity for knowing.
For example, if we study a chapter, mark the key points, and even take notes, we may think that we have learned well and know the knowledge points well, but if we close the book and do a simple self-test, we will instantly understand Forget about 30% to 40%.
For another example, ask yourself a classic question: "What is the prisoner's dilemma?" Do keywords such as "two people", "game", and "strategy" quickly pop up in your mind? You feel familiar with this issue. But if I ask you to describe it in full, do you really know?
During study, when reviewing a knowledge point, our internal language grasps several key points, which will lead to the illusion of learning and mistakenly think that we know everything. However, the knowledge point is not an isolated island, but is composed of logical relationships. This The external language is needed to describe and connect. Only through external language testing can we truly master and understand!
Therefore, the internal language must be converted into the external language. Cognitive psychology recommends this method of generation effect.
The generative effect is to explain the knowledge learned to classmates, friends, and family members. During the explanation process, actively think and organize the knowledge to build the logic and organization of the knowledge.
Experienced students know that a lot of inspiration comes from giving lectures to others, or even sudden enlightenment when asking others for advice. In addition, answering questions is very useful for mastering knowledge!
5, Emotional Performance Theory: Stress is a resource
Performance in the examination room and on-the-spot mentality are very important. The personal mentality at that moment is worth weeks, months or even years of hard work!
This involves emotional performance management, that is, there is an inverted U-curve relationship between emotional arousal level and performance. If the emotion is too low or too high, it will damage the performance. Therefore, appropriate pressure in is beneficial. No pressure at all or too high pressure will affect performance.
6, Take a reasonable rest, and rest is also a kind of learning.
There are many studies on learning time and efficiency. These studies confirm that: The learning effect will gradually decrease after 2 hours, and there will be no effect at all after 4 hours. Therefore, a reasonable rest is equally important as efficient learning. Ineffective learning for a long time is especially disgusting.
If you want to maintain stable learning efficiency in the long term, should not be over-consumed or even overdrawn at one time, and you must ensure that your energy can be restored every time you study.
For long-term study, it is wise to control the high-intensity study time every day to avoid mental fatigue or rebellious psychology. In short:
1) In the short term, it is necessary to reasonably allocate study and rest to avoid excessive exhaustion of energy and interest. , let the water flow slowly and steadily.
2) In the long run, persisting in learning for a long time can allow the body and mind to gradually adapt, and then the amount and intensity of learning can be gradually increased.
In addition, research has also confirmed that taking a rest or sleeping for a while after studying can effectively improve memory.
How to study each subject? Come on, let’s talk about each subject.
[Chinese language extra chapter]
. High school Chinese language
Pay attention to Chinese language! The college entrance examination is not just a test of one subject. partial subject will really become a stumbling block on your way to the college entrance examination!
In addition, Chinese language really focuses on daily accumulation, and famous quotes and deeds of famous people must be recorded. Prepare a collection of Chinese language mistakes: the pronunciations and shapes of characters that are prone to errors, types of incorrect sentences, various question types for appreciation of ancient poetry, and related answer routines.
Then listen carefully to the teacher’s analysis in class, and do more extracurricular reading, especially classical Chinese.
Finally, what Chinese teachers will tell you: neat handwriting! The average marking time for the Chinese language test for the college entrance examination is between 30 seconds and 1 minute. Neat handwriting is really a bonus. Seeing this, if your handwriting is not good, students should practice calligraphy quickly!
. High School Mathematics
"Those who get math in will win in the world", which also shows the importance of math scores! In addition, what can be greatly improved in the short term is mathematics. Many high school students are not good at math because they may not like math in the first place.
As a parent or as a student yourself, you have to find the purpose of learning mathematics. Mathematics itself is so boring and boring, and it is very painful to be forced to learn mathematics.
Therefore, if you want to cultivate your interest in mathematics, how to cultivate it? Find the math master you admire and follow his example! Take advantage of the "idol effect".
Mathematics is different from other courses. It has a very strong logic. We can remember some conclusions, but if you don’t know the causes and consequences, it is useless. The so-called knowing what is happening and being aware of it is learning mathematics. fundamental!
Being good at organizing notes is part of learning mathematics.
So, how to summarize the question types? I think we can organize
html from three ideas: One is to summarize based on knowledge points
The second is to summarize based on the selection of exam question types
The third is to summarize based on error-prone points
The first point is very simple, summarize based on different knowledge sections
For example: function, sequence, example geometry and other unit sections.
The second point is to list and summarize according to the test question types
We all know that the common question types in mathematics examinations are single-choice, multiple-choice, fill-in-the-blank, and large questions. You can also organize important practice questions according to different question types
The third point is that the author recommends that you organize the question types, which is to organize
according to the error-prone points, and then subdivide the error-prone question types into basic question types, common test question types, heavy and difficult question types, etc.
In addition, to learn mathematics well, you must pay attention to the following three sections:
① Problem-solving speed
② Problem-solving accuracy
③ Problem-solving ability
) Problem-solving speed
To improve the speed of mathematics problem-solving, you must first understand and understand the teaching materials, and Practice repeatedly; master the formulas and theorems. If you can’t remember the formulas, it’s a complete waste; every wrong question is valuable experience. Be good at organizing and using the wrong question book to summarize more problem-solving ideas; there are also some tips ：
Choose to fill in the blanks if you can use skills to answer them, use skills to answer them. Use skills as much as possible for small questions, and try to use templates for basic big questions. The basic topics are: sequence, trigonometric functions, solid geometry and probability statistics.
Compared with the big questions on conic sections and derivatives, these four big question types are simple, but we still need more or less time. It is very necessary to organize and summarize the necessary question templates.
) Problem-solving accuracy
has just finished answering the problem-solving speed. Let’s talk about problem-solving accuracy. No matter how fast you do the questions, 40% of the results are wrong. Then it is better to do it slowly. If we guarantee it, we will guarantee it. It is very important to ensure accuracy while answering speed.
After so many years of teaching and practical experience, the best way to ensure the accuracy of is to check . The secret of
is: learn one question with multiple solutions, use method A to do it, and use method B to check. If the answers are consistent, it is basically 100% correct.
) The ability to solve difficult problems
125 is a long way from 135, and 135 is still a long way from 145.
It is not possible to reach 140 at one time. You have to stably reach 140 before you can really reach 140.
Here, we talk more about how to solve the finale question:
I must say here that it is very important to solve difficult problems in , it is very important to insist on doing a difficult problem every day.
has no experience in solving difficult problems. The first feeling when getting difficult problems in the exam is not "excitement", but fear. This is the gap.
. High School English
The two most important points in learning English are language sense and stable practice.
I have a classmate in high school, , who has been sitting in the classroom every day since the second semester of high school with a repeater and practicing, and it is a super loud one.
was very BS about this method at first, but judging from the college entrance examination results, it is indeed a very useful learning method.
Although you may be ashamed to speak poor English, you can definitely find a corner with few people to practice secretly. The advantage of practicing this way is: enhance your sense of language, and then you will find that you are confused when doing reading comprehension. That’s right!
This situation completely exists. This is the English taste I emphasize!
As for the basic knowledge, you can usually take notes with you. In addition, you are guaranteed to practice a certain number and quality of grammar, Gestalt, and reading questions every day. It only takes 30 minutes, and you can complete them with quality and quantity.
Finally, you need to memorize words, sentence patterns and fixed combinations by rote. There is no other way. The best way is to memorize words quickly and effectively. It is recommended that you use "Associative Memory Method" or "Affix Method" " to remember.
[Article Comprehensive Chapter]
Although most literary essays are memorized, it does not necessarily mean that you can learn literary comprehensive essays well by memorizing them by rote. Maybe science students think that liberal arts is easy and they only need to memorize the texts. But the fact is that if you ask a science student with good memory ability to study liberal arts, he may not be able to learn it well. The reason lies in understanding, understanding the text, understanding the questions, understanding the ideas and logical structure of the questions.
. High School Geography
In fact, among the many subjects in high school, I think Chinese and geography are the two most useful subjects
One will help you clarify your logical thinking and exercise your expression skills
The other will help you understand the world and its mysteries
As the saying goes: astronomy from above, geography from below
I think these two subjects are enough to summarize
I personally like geography very much. I have loved watching "Animal World" and "Nature" since I was a child.
I also want to see every place in the world. Corner, later became a geography-related practitioner
The process of learning geography should be regarded as a game
Each unit section is a small level
When you conquer the next section, go to the next one
In this way, You will learn geography well and fall in love with geography.
. High School Politics
The biggest advantage of liberal arts is not only the imagination space that its uncertainty brings to you. Trying to bring theory into the life you want can better help you learn.
political learning methods and skills (organized by Brother Dai from the top students): ① Organize the wrong question sets, list down the knowledge points that you don’t understand, and read them again before the exam; ② Sort out the key points that you missed every time when answering the big questions. , often remind yourself not to miss that point; ③ When answering big questions, speed up writing, list the key points in multiple lists, mark ①②③, and be clear and organized; ④ Ask if you don’t understand; ⑤ Accumulate more and be willing to persist.
. High school history
History is still more memorized, but it will be much clearer if you memorize it in a chronological and logical order. The table of contents of each book is the framework of the whole book. Before starting to study, browse the table of contents as a whole. , understand the historical time that needs to be studied this semester. In addition, can use the comparison method to compare similar people and events in the same period and different dynasties, which will not only make it more fun but also speed up memory.
[Science Comprehensive Chapter]
It is not recommended to brush the questions for the Science Comprehensive Science. I think science subjects pay more attention to the logical thinking ability.
Brushing a large number of questions will reduce the overall number of questions.
If you really want to brush the questions, Do not repeat meaninglessly
Thinking is the key to solving science problems, which is to exercise the ability to draw inferences
and after completing the questions, you must be good at summarizing and comparing, so as to deepen or correct your own knowledge system and understanding
For physics and chemistry The summary of knowledge in the biology section is very complete
. High school physics
The core theories of the mechanics part are: Newton's second law, the law of universal gravitation, the law of conservation of mechanical energy, the kinetic energy theorem, the momentum theorem, functional relationships, and the law of conservation of energy.
Electromagnetics part , Coulomb's law is not the focus, the core is: electrostatic field theory, closed circuit Ohm's law, Ampere force and Lorentz force, Tesla's theory (tribute to Tesla), Lenz's law, Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
Thermal part : Ideal gas equation of state, four laws of thermodynamics (don’t ask me why it is four laws instead of three laws), molecular motion theory.
In the above knowledge section: Force analysis is also a top priority in physics, because every knowledge point you learn in the future is related to mechanics, so you should study as deeply as possible and strive to integrate mechanics knowledge with other knowledge points Come together.
It is very important to understand the physics reading questions. You must know what the question is testing. You must have an extremely deep understanding of the formulas and content.
Physics is a subject that knows everything
When you figure out a knowledge point, other deformation problems will not be too difficult
Share the experience of a top student
If you can do it too
I believe there will be no problem with your physics
During the review period in the third year of high school, I used a piece of paper, based on the definitions of major knowledge points, to complete the three major theorems of Newtonian mechanics, the two major theorems of thermodynamics, the three major theorems of electromagnetism, and the universal gravitation theorem. Combined with the conservation of energy theorem, the conservation of momentum theorem and mathematical geometric formulas, all theorems of high school physics can be deduced and deduced again.
. Chemistry knowledge
Basic chemistry : quantity theory of matter, electrolyte theory, redox theory, properties of elements in the third period.
Principles of chemical reactions : Le Chatelier's principle (many people do not pay attention to this theory. In fact, this theory can explain all chemical equilibrium and equilibrium movement problems), chemical reactions and energy conversion (enthalpy change), chemical equilibrium theory ( Direction, limit, rate, equilibrium constant, equilibrium conversion rate and influencing factors), ionic reaction principles (solubility product constant, weak electrolyte ionization, salt hydrolysis)
Material structure and properties : Theoretical basis of quantum mechanics (Bohr's atoms Structural model and quantum mechanical atomic model), Pauli exclusion principle, Hundt's rule, energy minimum principle, periodic law of elements (atomic structure gradient law, ionization energy and electronegativity), covalent bond model, Pauling energy Schematic diagram of the stage group (a tribute to Pauling, a two-time Nobel Prize winner, whose theory is the essence of the structure and properties of matter), atomic hybrid orbital theory, molecular spatial structure and properties, unit cell theory (four major crystals) .
. Biological knowledge
Molecules and Cells : Three major systems of cells (cytoskeletal system, biofilm system, genetic information transmission and expression system), the relationship between cell structure and its functions, cell energy supply and utilization, and cell life process.
Heredity and evolution : Mendel's genetic theory, material basis of inheritance, transmission of genetic material, expression of genetic information, variation (breeding), modern biological evolution theory.
Modern biotechnology topics: genetic engineering, cell engineering, embryo engineering.
The subject of biology is similar to liberal arts, which requires memorization to a large extent. As for the memory method, you can refer to the article written earlier. It is very important to take good notes on biology. Provide more structural diagrams of some knowledge points, summarize the connections between the knowledge points through thinking, and fix them with diagrams. This way is very useful.
"Everyone clapped their hands and shouted: "Where to go?" The son clapped his hands and shouted: "Shanghai!". In this way, whoever the train goes to must be able to catch it immediately. The faster the "train" goes, the better, and there is no need to wait in the middle. There are intervals.This kind of game requires the simultaneous use of mouth, ears and heart, so it can highly concentrate and at the same time exercise the ability of quick thinking and reaction. Moreover, this kind of game has an active atmosphere and can arouse people's enthusiasm. Get up and enjoy it.
Self-confidence: Children are in primary school, usually between the ages of six and twelve. During this period, children have many growth tasks, and self-confidence is a very important growth task. .
Three key points for cultivating children’s self-confidence
The first aspect is encouragement, but it does not mean blind praise. Encouragement does not mean blind praise.
I often see parents like this when interacting with them. Misunderstanding, I feel that I often praise him, but why is my child still so unconfident?
Our advice to parents is to encourage their children more, so many parents equate encouragement with praise, thinking that as long as they praise them more, their children will be confident. . But this encouragement is actually to let the child try more things that he dare not do. For example, if the child encounters a difficult problem, his usual approach is "Oh, I won't do it. I don't know how to do this." Just say I don’t know how to do it, so what is the way to praise? The way to praise is to say "you are very smart", "you did a good job on the question", then what is the encouragement? The encouragement is "is this question difficult?" , you try it and see, what conditions have we already known at the beginning, and where will we go next?" etc. This is how we let the children try step by step. One of the core things that
encourages is to let the children Go try it. When the child is asked to try it, the child will not feel that the difficulty is very big, and he will have the mentality to try it bit by bit. After solving it, parents can give affirmation and say. "I'm really happy that you patiently tried to solve this problem and actually succeeded." Instead of just praising, the second aspect is to criticize appropriately.
Instead of praise, there must be a certain amount of criticism. Many parents want their children to do well and think that they need to criticize more and point out the problems more to them, so that the children can grow up healthily. But in fact, the more you criticize them, the better their children will be. At this stage when self-awareness has not yet been fully formed, his self-confidence will gradually disappear, so it is necessary for us to give criticism to our children, but you cannot do it too frequently.
This kind of criticism cannot be too frequent, just like praise cannot be too frequent. The principle is the same. Criticism should be appropriate and should be done in certain ways. You can first point out what the child has done well, and then put forward some of the parents' own small opinions.
Be careful when making criticisms. Think clearly about how you tell your children so that they can accept it. If you just get angry with him, then the child's emphasis on this issue will not be able to achieve the results you want.
The third aspect is not to put negative labels on children, but try to put some positive labels on children.
For example, you are a child who really loves to learn, you are a child who loves to work hard, and you are a child who is not afraid of difficulties. Of course, you cannot talk about these positive labels in a general way.
When a child really works hard to learn a skill, such as studying hard and learning to play basketball with the encouragement of his parents, then at this time, you can tell him that you are really a child who is not afraid of difficulties.
When you meet a child with low self-esteem who is unwilling to try new things, new skills, or learn new skills, don't give him negative labels, such as "You are such a stupid child" or "You are such a stupid child." Too lazy,” etc.Instead, give him some encouragement first, "Let's go take a look first. We can buy a basketball first." Then casually say to the child, "How about playing basketball first?" Let the child have the mentality of giving it a try, and then give the child a positive label after learning and mastering it.
Finally, a more practical question, composition writing that troubles primary school students
First of all, parents should understand one thing, that is, every child is different. Even if a great writer comes to teach, at least one out of ten random children will be unable to speak clearly by the fifth grade. Parents should be mentally prepared for this. Of course, children whose parents are busy and unattended or raised by elderly people may have a greater chance of having weak language skills because they received less training when they were young.
Some parents cannot accept that their children cannot write well in essays, so if their children do not write well in essays, they will be very impatient and disappointed. I have to say that this emotion from you (including the Chinese teacher) is the source of students’ lifelong aversion to writing.
There are several reasons why children cannot write well:
Insufficient ability. It is true that some children cannot write well no matter how you train them. Some of these children will change when they get older, and some may not be able to change in their lifetime.
Inner rejection. Children like often develop aversion to composition because the expectations of their parents and teachers are too high and they cannot bear it.
blindly caters. 's compositions that blindly cater to the tastes of parents and teachers are the most terrible thing, because the teachers and parents of children who write such compositions do not understand the meaning of the existence of the article, let alone the significance of composition teaching. In my daily work, I often see my colleagues teaching composition classes by copying them. The so-called teaching method is just to find a few primary school student compositions on the Internet for the children to imitate. Such teachers are not capable of guiding children to write good compositions. If things go on like this, no matter how spiritual a child is, he will develop a relatively vulgar aesthetic, let alone write good compositions.
doesn’t like writing. I have always emphasized to colleagues, parents and children that even in fifth grade, the number of words in primary school students’ compositions should not exceed 500, because for children, the act of writing itself is a huge burden. Many children are not without ideas when it comes to composition, but their hearts collapse at the thought of having to write so many words.
Hide your heart. No matter how small the composition is, it is still an exposure of the heart. If children have not received positive comments from parents and teachers for a long time, or have had the experience of being criticized for expressing a certain point of view, they will become wary. There are really many such children, so composition teaching really needs an extremely tolerant environment.
The two answers above have already talked about how to write Chinese well, so I will talk about what parents should do. No matter why children are reluctant to write essays or cannot write essays well, parents should treat them with a tolerant and appreciative attitude.
For children who are already in fifth grade and are not allowed to use related words and speak confusingly (there are really some!!!) parents should try to be calm and not let the composition affect the child's self-confidence in other aspects.
For children with no ability problems, parents can try to do the following things:
Read the text with the children, communicate with each other and share their favorite words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs. Parents should first state the reasons for their liking and guide them step by step. The children also talk about it.
The attitude must be equal and gentle, children must be allowed to speak freely, and children's ideas must not be denied easily. This can gradually eliminate the barriers between children, parents and texts, and can also help parents understand their children's abilities and understand the textbook text. This process is to cultivate children's feeling for the beauty of literature. Only by being able to feel beauty can children have the desire to "create beauty."
Write a composition on the same topic with your children. Many parents think that writing essays is not difficult, and they don’t know why it is so difficult.
Parents who think so, I advise you to write it yourself.After you finish writing it, read it again to see how much better it is than what your child wrote. I believe that at least half of the parents will blush... Some parents have not written for twenty years, and they dare to casually say that compositions are easy to write. It is really ridiculous. Therefore, I advise parents that if they want to help their children write, they must write it together with their children to feel the magic of these 300 to 500 words. Just like reading texts, parents can review each other's compositions with their children to stimulate their children's interest in writing and reviewing.
If the child is still young, you can start with extracurricular readings. Buy a variety of great books for your children, but don't force them to read.
About the modification: I think composition practice in primary school should not pursue perfection. Exercises should also be primarily based on evaluation and supplemented by revision. Do not revise an exercise more than twice (except for children who take the initiative to revise it). If there are one or two good words, good sentences or exquisite structure in the article, you should be encouraged and appreciated. In the long run, the children themselves will pursue good words and sentences.
Excessive modification will destroy the child's self-confidence and cause the child to have a negative and avoidant attitude.
About the structure: In the primary school stage, for compositions about people, scenes, objects, reasoning, etc., parents can guide their children to pay attention to the excellent structure of the sample essays when they read the text together. After reviewing the exercises, they can imitate the text structure with their children. Make an outline and conceive the exercise according to the outline. If the two texts have different structures, you can make two outlines, and parents and students can each choose one to complete.
Chinese, that is, language, is inherently a social subject. Children alone cannot achieve the results expected by parents if they work alone. They must communicate and discuss with each other. Only in this way can language expression be meaningful. Therefore, in order to develop children's language skills, parents must not stay out of the matter, but must participate and promote equal communication with their children.
The above is a senior Chinese teacher with many years of teaching experience. It has obvious effects on most students, but not obvious effects on some students. If parents can spare half an hour every day to accompany their children to experience the beauty of Chinese language, I believe the effect will be even better.
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During junior high school:
Keywords: multi-discipline, not falling behind, wrong question set
Let’s start with the learning experience and study plan of a top student who scored 743 points in the high school entrance examination Look up! ! !
Four major learning methods in junior high school:
1. In the long run, the foundation of junior high school is very important.
The learning content in junior high school is very simple, but the basic learning and study habits are very critical to high school learning.
China’s education is a process of continuous elimination.
If you have good grades in junior high school, you will have a better chance of going to a better high school and having access to better teachers and learning environment. These factors can greatly stimulate your potential and take your high school grades to a higher level.
On the other hand, if you don’t study well in junior high school, it will be very difficult and require a lot of effort to improve your studies in high school.
Take me for example. I studied until at least 12pm every day in high school, but I still felt like I was missing something. No matter how hard I tried, it was difficult to get into the ranks of top players.
All the top students around me who went to Peking University, Tsinghua University, Fudan University, and Jiaotong University were very good at least since junior high school. None of them had poor grades before, but woke up halfway and studied hard and went to Qingbei University.
2. Pay attention to the cultivation of learning methods to make learning more effective with half the effort.
China’s teaching staff also has a pyramid structure. The higher the institution, the higher the level of the teachers and the stronger their abilities. Maybe these teachers don't have a clear idea of how to learn
and how to improve efficiency.
Most of them are very diligent and responsible, but they still fall into inefficient efforts.
Here I summarize several core principles.
. Drawing inferences from one instance and making multiple summaries is the way to go.
We will all encounter this situation: I understand it in class, but can't do it by myself; or I can't do a math problem, and I suddenly understand it after looking at the answer, but after a while, I can't do the same problem again. .
The reason is that I didn’t think deeply and didn’t do it myself.
doesn’t count as understanding if you understand it, and it doesn’t count as understanding if you understand it.
Therefore, when doing the questions, you must carefully analyze your ideas, what conditions the question gives you, and what conclusions can be drawn based on these conditions combined with the axioms and theorems.
actually solves a problem, just like a puzzle, it is all pieced together based on these clues.
If you don’t understand the basic concepts clearly or in place, or you haven’t accumulated many types of questions, and you haven’t thought deeply about them, you won’t be able to think of these clues, so you can’t answer the questions.
A real master can figure out the question maker's thinking, see the question stem, guess what knowledge points the question maker wants to test, and think in this direction when solving the question.
In addition, you should pay attention to drawing inferences from one example, that is to say, in the process of doing the questions, you should constantly recall and compare the previous questions of the same type, what are the differences between them, and what are the differences in the solutions.
If the question stem has changed, and are there any new solutions? In short, the more you think about, the better. In this way, you are not just doing one question, but you have recalled all the relevant knowledge points and done all similar questions. , so the efficiency is high.
In addition, for science study, you must prepare two notebooks, one is a wrong question book, and the other is a good question book.
Look over the questions you got wrong, find your weak links, deepen your impression, and avoid making the same mistakes in the future.
Good questions refer to questions that can connect many knowledge points together, or have very novel ideas for solving problems. Repeating the questions can further strengthen the core knowledge points, use points to cover the area, and extend more questions.
. The principle of memory lies in active recall and repetition.
What is active recall?
For example, if you look at an English word, look at the English, and then look at the Chinese meaning, there will be no recall, and the effect will be very poor.
If you cover up the Chinese first, read the English to recall the Chinese meaning, and then read the Chinese explanation, this is called active recall. The effect of active recall is much better than the effect of passive acceptance.
is repeated multiple times, which means you can’t expect to remember it once.
Human memory is essentially a process of fighting against forgetting.
So whether you are memorizing words or doing science exercises, come back and review them every once in a while, so that the memory effect is good.
. Develop the habit of previewing and reviewing.
Many students do not have the habit of previewing, which is actually very important.
If you can understand new knowledge before you come into contact with it, you can go to the lecture with questions.
Especially in high school, learning things is relatively difficult. If you don’t preview, you will be led by the teacher during class. If you don’t understand one knowledge point, you will not understand everything else, and then you will come back again. It is not efficient to read books and study supplementary materials.
Therefore, in junior high school, it is necessary to develop the habit of previewing before class.
After-class review, in fact, the principle mentioned above is that multiple repetitions are beneficial to memory.
Close the books before doing your homework at night.
Think back to what the teacher said today and why he said it, further sort out the knowledge points, then read the book again and start writing homework. This is called review after class.
. Practice a lot and work hard in peacetime.
There are also some students who are always careless when taking exams, and even take a chance: if I pay more attention in the big exam, it will be fine.
In fact, carelessness in exams and carelessness in answering questions are all caused by insufficient effort.
If you don’t practice enough, you will naturally make stupid mistakes because you are not sensitive to knowledge points or numbers.
is not careful at ordinary times. How can we expect not to be careless during the formal exam? This is impossible.
Therefore, every exercise, every homework, and every quiz should be regarded as a big test.
. Read the review materials carefully and don’t be greedy for too much.
Some students may fall into the problem-solving tactic and feel uncomfortable without doing more exercises from the book.
I would rather choose a more comprehensive book and repeat it more than two times. The first time is just for a preliminary understanding, and the second time is a summary.
This is better than roughly completing 3 exercise sets.
. Teaching and learning.
means that when you summarize the question type, you can imagine yourself as a teacher. If a classmate asks you how to solve this question, what aspects should you look at in order to explain the question clearly.
This point stems from discussing topics with classmates in the past. I found that asking me questions and having me help others answer them was more helpful for me to sort out my thoughts.
3. Pay attention to the study of Chinese and English.
Why do I recommend paying attention to the study of English and Chinese in junior high school?
Because these two subjects require accumulation.
Strategically speaking, people with a good foundation in English language will not have to spend too much time studying these two courses in high school, and can maintain their scores at a very high level.
In this way, you can spend a lot of time studying mathematics, physics, chemistry, or liberal arts content in high school.
For example, my younger brother basically didn’t study Chinese and English when he entered high school. He spent all his time on mathematics, physics and chemistry, which naturally gives him a competitive advantage.
On the contrary, if you do not learn English and Chinese well in junior high school, you will find that it is difficult to improve your scores in these two subjects in high school.
Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry or Liberal Arts have to be tackled hard, so you will feel like you are being attacked from both sides in your studies.
. How to improve Chinese scores.
How to learn Chinese? It's nothing more than reading more, accumulating more, investing more time, and using the repetitive memory rules I mentioned above.
Many people think that I am Chinese and do not need to learn Chinese; or that I don’t know how to learn Chinese, and even if I learn it, there will be no improvement.
This is also a huge misunderstanding.
Chinese will become more and more important. In the past, the college entrance examination was 150 points, but now it is 180 points.
When you ask whether Chinese language can be improved, first ask yourself how long you have spent learning Chinese.
If you are really attentive and devoted, your Chinese scores will definitely improve.
What I want to say here is that we should pay attention to developing problem-solving skills.
To put it simply, you have to study the real questions and answers of previous high school entrance examinations.
For example, for reading comprehension questions, you have to answer them yourself first, and then look at the standard answers.
What is the difference between your own answer and the standard answer? Why is the standard answer good? What is so good about it? What is the person who asked the question testing? What kind of answer is the scoring point? Cultivate yourself to be sensitive to the standard answer.
In this way, in the formal examination, the way and style of answering questions will be close to the style and routine of standard answers, and it is easy to obtain high scores.
To improve your composition writing, it is recommended to buy a classic full-score composition book.
Then read it more than 5 times, copy and memorize the good cases and paragraphs in it, and use it in your own compositions. If you read it more, you will naturally be able to flexibly apply these good words, sentences and paragraphs into your own articles. go.
. How to improve your English scores.
In fact, this is also a big topic. I will make a framework first and then gradually improve it.
(1) Listening. There is only one way to improve listening in , which is dictation. During primary school: Keywords: Develop good habits, concentration, self-confidence 『01』 The primary school stage is a critical period for developing good study habits Especially in the first and second grade When entering elementary school, children begin to receive formal and systematic education Study, this is a critical period for cultivating children to form good study habits. Many parents think that children should play more in the lower grades of elementary school, and by the time they reach the upper grades, habits will naturally form. This is extremely wrong. Children in lower grades worship "authority", trust teachers unconditionally, and obey the guidance of teachers and parents. At this time, good study habits are easy to establish and consolidate; bad study habits are easy to correct if discovered in time. If you don't pay attention to cultivation, bad habits will accumulate and become stable, which will not only affect the establishment of good habits, but will also be difficult to correct after reaching middle and senior grades. 『02』 The primary school stage mainly cultivates children’s basic and expanded learning habits. Learning habits include many contents. At the primary school stage, the learning habits that children need to cultivate are mainly basic learning habits, followed by expanded learning habits and personalized learning habits. There are no hard requirements. Basic learning habits: refers to the basic learning habits that children must have in order to adapt to study and life, with more emphasis on behavioral norms. For example, habits such as listening carefully, writing carefully, previewing and reviewing, completing homework independently, and studying independently. Expansive learning habits: refers to the learning habits that children need to have in order to adapt to expanded and exploratory learning. For example, habits such as cooperative learning and searching for information. personalized learning habits: refers to children who have obvious personal and special learning habits. For example, habits such as sorting out knowledge relationships and establishing structure diagrams to memorize knowledge. 『03』 Children lack the ability to self-control, and the development of study habits will be repeated, and they need to rely on adult supervision. The development of study habits is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. In primary school, especially in the lower grades, children have poor self-monitoring and management awareness, so there will be repeated phenomena in the process of cultivating study habits. In this process, parents need to take the trouble to perform their supervisory duties and remind them repeatedly that when their children have bad habits, they need to point out and tell their children in time, and work with their children to consolidate good habits and correct bad habits. provides clear and specific content for each habit (such as writing posture, reading posture, habit of writing homework on time, checking homework), so that children can clearly understand the specific content of the habit. For example, instead of simply telling your child to "write well," you should tell your child to "write neatly, stroke by stroke, in the correct order." provides explanations and demonstrations before training children's behaviors, and breaks down specific actions or behavioral requirements when necessary. Try to be specific, clear, simple, and easy to operate so that children can follow the rules. You must persevere, as cultivating children's learning habits is a long-term process. 『04』 Correcting a bad habit is far more "effortful" than cultivating a good habit. Once a bad habit is formed, it takes some time and "effort" to correct it. Because whether it is bad habits or good habits, they are inherent behaviors of children. Therefore, it is important to cultivate children's good study habits from an early age and reduce the need to correct bad habits. During the training process, children can be well motivated by letting them understand the importance of good study habits. For example, children always lie down to read and do homework. You can tell your child: "Your current posture is wrong. This will easily cause your vision to decline, and you will eventually need to wear glasses to see clearly.""Then put a pair of flat glasses on the child, let the child jump up, shake his head and other actions to feel the inconvenience caused by wearing glasses... 『05』 Develop detailed rules with the child to help the child develop good habits Study habits Discuss specific rules with children, explain the specific regulations clearly, formulate an attractive and binding reward and punishment measure, and strictly implement it 7 key points in formulating rules with children . Discuss and classify them together. Discuss with the children to classify the rules that need to be followed.
For example, classify the study habits that need to be cultivated, correct postures, daily routines, etc. Select the most important rules from each category and classify the less important ones. Delete, preferably no more than 7 items.
. The content of each provision needs to be clear and clear, and avoid being vague.
For example, "You must complete it on time" is not as good as "The homework of the day must be completed before 9 o'clock."
. Avoid negative and wrong information.
That is, do not use words with negative meanings such as "no" or "don't" because such statements emphasize wrong behavior and may be counterproductive. "Not later than 9 o'clock" is not as good as "go to bed before 9 o'clock".
. Discuss the punishment details together to ensure the binding and motivating effect of the rules.
. Listen to opinions and choose a time to discuss the rules when both parties are in a happy mood.
The child clearly explains the meaning of each rule and fully listens to everyone's opinions in order to improve and refine the rules.
. Co-sign. When all parties have no objections to the content of the rules, print out the agreement and have the child and parents sign it together.
. Post the agreement in a conspicuous place as a reminder.
For example, on the child's desk, on the child's doorstep, etc.
If you think the previous point is too general and unrealistic, then we will break down each of the key issues below! ! ! The most important thing is action and persistence! !
Concentration : Without concentration, there is no learning efficiency. However, children’s attention is easily diverted or attracted. In the era of fragmented reading, it is difficult for adults to focus on one thing for a long time.
Primary school students are naturally active, so how can we cultivate their concentration?
Level 1 Don’t be distracted while listening
Training purpose: To train students’ learning ability, so that students can concentrate on listening in class, write homework carefully, not be careless in exams, and improve their academic performance.
training requirements: train for 10 minutes every day, train at home after school and before doing homework. Parents will supervise the training. You must insist on training every day, and the effect will be obvious.
. Digital fax
training method: parents read each of the following numbers once, and the children write down the numbers they heard from memory after listening.
For example: Parents read: 68715 After listening, the children write on the paper: 68715
. Listening word training
Training method: Parents read the following passage, and the children listen carefully. When they hear the word "一", they type it on the paper with a pen. "√", after parents finish reading, count the number of "one" characters until the number recorded by the child is the same as the number of "one" characters in the passage.
There is a little bird. Its home is on the highest branch. Its feathers are not yet full and it cannot fly. Every day it just chirps at home and talks to two old birds. They are both I feel very happy. This morning, it woke up and the two old birds went looking for food. As soon as they saw the fiery red sun, they were scared again because the sun was too big. Then they saw a big leaf on a tree. There was a little bird standing on the leaf, eating pests. The pests ate a lot. Leaves prevent big trees from growing up. Big trees are our good friends. Every tree produces oxygen and allows each of us to breathe.At this time, the old bird immediately flew over and ate the pests with the younger birds, making them full and eliminating pests for the people.
Level 2 Dictation training questions
. Word thinking
training method: Every time parents read a word, the child listens carefully. When he hears electrical appliances, he immediately raises his right hand, and when he hears school supplies, he immediately raises his left hand.
Stool, Desk, Washing Machine, Basketball TV, Bicycle, School Bag, Refrigerator, Workbook, Grapes, Air Conditioner, Electric Fan, Telephone, Quilt, Cup, Pen, Mobile Phone, Basketball, Badminton, Lighter, Plane, Sword
. Find the difference training
Training method: Listen carefully to A and B in the following sets of sentences. Sentence, quickly find out the differences between sentence B and sentence A.
Group 1:
A: The animals and plants in the woods fully enjoy the sunshine, rain and dew of nature and grow freely.
B: The animals and plants in the forest fully enjoy the sunshine, rain and dew of nature and grow freely.
Group 2:
A: I have a beautiful wish. When I grow up, I will be a botanist and grow the most beautiful flowers in the world for my mother.
B: I have a beautiful wish. When I grow up, I will be a botanist and grow the most beautiful flowers in the world for my mother.
Highlights of attention training for children
. Find numbers in order
my country's young mathematicians Yang Le and Zhang Guanghou used to do exercises quickly when they were young to strictly train themselves to concentrate. Here I will introduce to you a small game used in psychology to train attention. In a table with 25 small squares, shuffle the order of the numbers 1-25, fill them in, and then count from 1 to 25 as quickly as possible, pointing out while reading, and timing at the same time. Research shows that it takes 7-8-year-old children 30-50 seconds to find the numbers on each chart in order, with an average of 40-42 seconds; the time it takes for normal adults to look at a chart is about 25-30 seconds, and some people It can be shortened to ten seconds. You can make a few more training tables like this yourself and train them every day. I believe that your concentration level will gradually improve!
. Playing poker games
can exercise high concentration and quick reaction ability. Take three different cards (removing the flower cards) and arrange them randomly on the table, such as 2 of clubs, 3 of spades, and 5 of diamonds from left to right. Choose a card to remember, such as 2 of clubs, and let her Keep an eye on this card, then put the three cards upside down on the table. The parent can change the positions of the three cards at will, and then ask her to tell where the 2 of clubs is. If she guesses correctly, she wins, and the two take turns playing the game. As abilities improve, parents can increase the difficulty, such as increasing the number of cards, changing the number of card positions and increasing the speed of changing card positions.
This method can highly cultivate concentration of attention. Because it is a game, it is in line with children's psychological characteristics and is very popular with children. Children are highly motivated to play. Play for a while every day and your concentration will improve.
. Buy some intellectual training books, and insist on doing exercises every day
Some pictures and texts that exercise observation, attention, and memory, such as walking a maze, looking for something in a lot of pictures, looking for similarities and differences (finding differences among similarities, Find similarities in differences), compare sizes and lengths, memorize the items in the picture on a page within the specified time, then close the book and ask her to report them, etc. The time should not be too long, but the practice time can be extended in the future, and you must practice every day. If you do it correctly, you will be rewarded with red five stars or scored.
. Play the "train driving" game
This game requires more than three people and can be completed by a family of three. Of course, it would be better if grandparents or others participate. For the convenience of description, three people are taken as an example. The method is: three people sit in a circle, each of them reports a station name, and starts the "train" through a few dialogue words. For example, the father is regarded as Beijing station, the mother is regarded as Shanghai station, and the child is regarded as Guangzhou station . The father clapped his hands and shouted: "The train from Beijing is about to leave." Everyone clapped their hands and shouted: "Where is it going?" The father clapped his hands and shouted: "The train is leaving from Guangzhou". So, when the son was at Guangzhou Station, he immediately said: "The train from Guangzhou is about to leave." open."Everyone clapped their hands and shouted: "Where to go?" The son clapped his hands and shouted: "Shanghai!". In this way, whoever the train goes to must be able to catch it immediately. The faster the "train" goes, the better, and there is no need to wait in the middle. There are intervals.
This kind of game requires the simultaneous use of mouth, ears and heart, so it can highly concentrate and at the same time exercise the ability of quick thinking and reaction. Moreover, this kind of game has an active atmosphere and can arouse people's enthusiasm. Get up and enjoy it.
Self-confidence: Children are in primary school, usually between the ages of six and twelve. During this period, children have many growth tasks, and self-confidence is a very important growth task. .
Three key points for cultivating children’s self-confidence
The first aspect is encouragement, but it does not mean blind praise. Encouragement does not mean blind praise.
I often see parents like this when interacting with them. Misunderstanding, I feel that I often praise him, but why is my child still so unconfident?
Our advice to parents is to encourage their children more, so many parents equate encouragement with praise, thinking that as long as they praise them more, their children will be confident. . But this encouragement is actually to let the child try more things that he dare not do. For example, if the child encounters a difficult problem, his usual approach is "Oh, I won't do it. I don't know how to do this." Just say I don’t know how to do it, so what is the way to praise? The way to praise is to say "you are very smart", "you did a good job on the question", then what is the encouragement? The encouragement is "is this question difficult?" , you try it and see, what conditions have we already known at the beginning, and where will we go next?" etc. This is how we let the children try step by step. One of the core things that
encourages is to let the children Go try it. When the child is asked to try it, the child will not feel that the difficulty is very big, and he will have the mentality to try it bit by bit. After solving it, parents can give affirmation and say. "I'm really happy that you patiently tried to solve this problem and actually succeeded." Instead of just praising, the second aspect is to criticize appropriately.
Instead of praise, there must be a certain amount of criticism. Many parents want their children to do well and think that they need to criticize more and point out the problems more to them, so that the children can grow up healthily. But in fact, the more you criticize them, the better their children will be. At this stage when self-awareness has not yet been fully formed, his self-confidence will gradually disappear, so it is necessary for us to give criticism to our children, but you cannot do it too frequently.
This kind of criticism cannot be too frequent, just like praise cannot be too frequent. The principle is the same. Criticism should be appropriate and should be done in certain ways. You can first point out what the child has done well, and then put forward some of the parents' own small opinions.
Be careful when making criticisms. Think clearly about how you tell your children so that they can accept it. If you just get angry with him, then the child's emphasis on this issue will not be able to achieve the results you want.
The third aspect is not to put negative labels on children, but try to put some positive labels on children.
For example, you are a child who really loves to learn, you are a child who loves to work hard, and you are a child who is not afraid of difficulties. Of course, you cannot talk about these positive labels in a general way.
When a child really works hard to learn a skill, such as studying hard and learning to play basketball with the encouragement of his parents, then at this time, you can tell him that you are really a child who is not afraid of difficulties.
When you meet a child with low self-esteem who is unwilling to try new things, new skills, or learn new skills, don't give him negative labels, such as "You are such a stupid child" or "You are such a stupid child." Too lazy,” etc.Instead, give him some encouragement first, "Let's go take a look first. We can buy a basketball first." Then casually say to the child, "How about playing basketball first?" Let the child have the mentality of giving it a try, and then give the child a positive label after learning and mastering it.
Finally, a more practical question, composition writing that troubles primary school students
First of all, parents should understand one thing, that is, every child is different. Even if a great writer comes to teach, at least one out of ten random children will be unable to speak clearly by the fifth grade. Parents should be mentally prepared for this. Of course, children whose parents are busy and unattended or raised by elderly people may have a greater chance of having weak language skills because they received less training when they were young.
Some parents cannot accept that their children cannot write well in essays, so if their children do not write well in essays, they will be very impatient and disappointed. I have to say that this emotion from you (including the Chinese teacher) is the source of students’ lifelong aversion to writing.
There are several reasons why children cannot write well:
Insufficient ability. It is true that some children cannot write well no matter how you train them. Some of these children will change when they get older, and some may not be able to change in their lifetime.
Inner rejection. Children like often develop aversion to composition because the expectations of their parents and teachers are too high and they cannot bear it.
blindly caters. 's compositions that blindly cater to the tastes of parents and teachers are the most terrible thing, because the teachers and parents of children who write such compositions do not understand the meaning of the existence of the article, let alone the significance of composition teaching. In my daily work, I often see my colleagues teaching composition classes by copying them. The so-called teaching method is just to find a few primary school student compositions on the Internet for the children to imitate. Such teachers are not capable of guiding children to write good compositions. If things go on like this, no matter how spiritual a child is, he will develop a relatively vulgar aesthetic, let alone write good compositions.
doesn’t like writing. I have always emphasized to colleagues, parents and children that even in fifth grade, the number of words in primary school students’ compositions should not exceed 500, because for children, the act of writing itself is a huge burden. Many children are not without ideas when it comes to composition, but their hearts collapse at the thought of having to write so many words.
Hide your heart. No matter how small the composition is, it is still an exposure of the heart. If children have not received positive comments from parents and teachers for a long time, or have had the experience of being criticized for expressing a certain point of view, they will become wary. There are really many such children, so composition teaching really needs an extremely tolerant environment.
The two answers above have already talked about how to write Chinese well, so I will talk about what parents should do. No matter why children are reluctant to write essays or cannot write essays well, parents should treat them with a tolerant and appreciative attitude.
For children who are already in fifth grade and are not allowed to use related words and speak confusingly (there are really some!!!) parents should try to be calm and not let the composition affect the child's self-confidence in other aspects.
For children with no ability problems, parents can try to do the following things:
Read the text with the children, communicate with each other and share their favorite words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs. Parents should first state the reasons for their liking and guide them step by step. The children also talk about it.
The attitude must be equal and gentle, children must be allowed to speak freely, and children's ideas must not be denied easily. This can gradually eliminate the barriers between children, parents and texts, and can also help parents understand their children's abilities and understand the textbook text. This process is to cultivate children's feeling for the beauty of literature. Only by being able to feel beauty can children have the desire to "create beauty."
Write a composition on the same topic with your children. Many parents think that writing essays is not difficult, and they don’t know why it is so difficult.
Parents who think so, I advise you to write it yourself.After you finish writing it, read it again to see how much better it is than what your child wrote. I believe that at least half of the parents will blush... Some parents have not written for twenty years, and they dare to casually say that compositions are easy to write. It is really ridiculous. Therefore, I advise parents that if they want to help their children write, they must write it together with their children to feel the magic of these 300 to 500 words. Just like reading texts, parents can review each other's compositions with their children to stimulate their children's interest in writing and reviewing.
If the child is still young, you can start with extracurricular readings. Buy a variety of great books for your children, but don't force them to read.
About the modification: I think composition practice in primary school should not pursue perfection. Exercises should also be primarily based on evaluation and supplemented by revision. Do not revise an exercise more than twice (except for children who take the initiative to revise it). If there are one or two good words, good sentences or exquisite structure in the article, you should be encouraged and appreciated. In the long run, the children themselves will pursue good words and sentences.
Excessive modification will destroy the child's self-confidence and cause the child to have a negative and avoidant attitude.
About the structure: In the primary school stage, for compositions about people, scenes, objects, reasoning, etc., parents can guide their children to pay attention to the excellent structure of the sample essays when they read the text together. After reviewing the exercises, they can imitate the text structure with their children. Make an outline and conceive the exercise according to the outline. If the two texts have different structures, you can make two outlines, and parents and students can each choose one to complete.
Chinese, that is, language, is inherently a social subject. Children alone cannot achieve the results expected by parents if they work alone. They must communicate and discuss with each other. Only in this way can language expression be meaningful. Therefore, in order to develop children's language skills, parents must not stay out of the matter, but must participate and promote equal communication with their children.
The above is a senior Chinese teacher with many years of teaching experience. It has obvious effects on most students, but not obvious effects on some students. If parents can spare half an hour every day to accompany their children to experience the beauty of Chinese language, I believe the effect will be even better.
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During junior high school:
Keywords: multi-discipline, not falling behind, wrong question set
Let’s start with the learning experience and study plan of a top student who scored 743 points in the high school entrance examination Look up! ! !
Four major learning methods in junior high school:
1. In the long run, the foundation of junior high school is very important.
The learning content in junior high school is very simple, but the basic learning and study habits are very critical to high school learning.
China’s education is a process of continuous elimination.
If you have good grades in junior high school, you will have a better chance of going to a better high school and having access to better teachers and learning environment. These factors can greatly stimulate your potential and take your high school grades to a higher level.
On the other hand, if you don’t study well in junior high school, it will be very difficult and require a lot of effort to improve your studies in high school.
Take me for example. I studied until at least 12pm every day in high school, but I still felt like I was missing something. No matter how hard I tried, it was difficult to get into the ranks of top players.
All the top students around me who went to Peking University, Tsinghua University, Fudan University, and Jiaotong University were very good at least since junior high school. None of them had poor grades before, but woke up halfway and studied hard and went to Qingbei University.
2. Pay attention to the cultivation of learning methods to make learning more effective with half the effort.
China’s teaching staff also has a pyramid structure. The higher the institution, the higher the level of the teachers and the stronger their abilities. Maybe these teachers don't have a clear idea of how to learn
and how to improve efficiency.
Most of them are very diligent and responsible, but they still fall into inefficient efforts.
Here I summarize several core principles.
. Drawing inferences from one instance and making multiple summaries is the way to go.
We will all encounter this situation: I understand it in class, but can't do it by myself; or I can't do a math problem, and I suddenly understand it after looking at the answer, but after a while, I can't do the same problem again. .
The reason is that I didn’t think deeply and didn’t do it myself.
doesn’t count as understanding if you understand it, and it doesn’t count as understanding if you understand it.
Therefore, when doing the questions, you must carefully analyze your ideas, what conditions the question gives you, and what conclusions can be drawn based on these conditions combined with the axioms and theorems.
actually solves a problem, just like a puzzle, it is all pieced together based on these clues.
If you don’t understand the basic concepts clearly or in place, or you haven’t accumulated many types of questions, and you haven’t thought deeply about them, you won’t be able to think of these clues, so you can’t answer the questions.
A real master can figure out the question maker's thinking, see the question stem, guess what knowledge points the question maker wants to test, and think in this direction when solving the question.
In addition, you should pay attention to drawing inferences from one example, that is to say, in the process of doing the questions, you should constantly recall and compare the previous questions of the same type, what are the differences between them, and what are the differences in the solutions.
If the question stem has changed, and are there any new solutions? In short, the more you think about, the better. In this way, you are not just doing one question, but you have recalled all the relevant knowledge points and done all similar questions. , so the efficiency is high.
In addition, for science study, you must prepare two notebooks, one is a wrong question book, and the other is a good question book.
Look over the questions you got wrong, find your weak links, deepen your impression, and avoid making the same mistakes in the future.
Good questions refer to questions that can connect many knowledge points together, or have very novel ideas for solving problems. Repeating the questions can further strengthen the core knowledge points, use points to cover the area, and extend more questions.
. The principle of memory lies in active recall and repetition.
What is active recall?
For example, if you look at an English word, look at the English, and then look at the Chinese meaning, there will be no recall, and the effect will be very poor.
If you cover up the Chinese first, read the English to recall the Chinese meaning, and then read the Chinese explanation, this is called active recall. The effect of active recall is much better than the effect of passive acceptance.
is repeated multiple times, which means you can’t expect to remember it once.
Human memory is essentially a process of fighting against forgetting.
So whether you are memorizing words or doing science exercises, come back and review them every once in a while, so that the memory effect is good.
. Develop the habit of previewing and reviewing.
Many students do not have the habit of previewing, which is actually very important.
If you can understand new knowledge before you come into contact with it, you can go to the lecture with questions.
Especially in high school, learning things is relatively difficult. If you don’t preview, you will be led by the teacher during class. If you don’t understand one knowledge point, you will not understand everything else, and then you will come back again. It is not efficient to read books and study supplementary materials.
Therefore, in junior high school, it is necessary to develop the habit of previewing before class.
After-class review, in fact, the principle mentioned above is that multiple repetitions are beneficial to memory.
Close the books before doing your homework at night.
Think back to what the teacher said today and why he said it, further sort out the knowledge points, then read the book again and start writing homework. This is called review after class.
. Practice a lot and work hard in peacetime.
There are also some students who are always careless when taking exams, and even take a chance: if I pay more attention in the big exam, it will be fine.
In fact, carelessness in exams and carelessness in answering questions are all caused by insufficient effort.
If you don’t practice enough, you will naturally make stupid mistakes because you are not sensitive to knowledge points or numbers.
is not careful at ordinary times. How can we expect not to be careless during the formal exam? This is impossible.
Therefore, every exercise, every homework, and every quiz should be regarded as a big test.
. Read the review materials carefully and don’t be greedy for too much.
Some students may fall into the problem-solving tactic and feel uncomfortable without doing more exercises from the book.
I would rather choose a more comprehensive book and repeat it more than two times. The first time is just for a preliminary understanding, and the second time is a summary.
This is better than roughly completing 3 exercise sets.
. Teaching and learning.
means that when you summarize the question type, you can imagine yourself as a teacher. If a classmate asks you how to solve this question, what aspects should you look at in order to explain the question clearly.
This point stems from discussing topics with classmates in the past. I found that asking me questions and having me help others answer them was more helpful for me to sort out my thoughts.
3. Pay attention to the study of Chinese and English.
Why do I recommend paying attention to the study of English and Chinese in junior high school?
Because these two subjects require accumulation.
Strategically speaking, people with a good foundation in English language will not have to spend too much time studying these two courses in high school, and can maintain their scores at a very high level.
In this way, you can spend a lot of time studying mathematics, physics, chemistry, or liberal arts content in high school.
For example, my younger brother basically didn’t study Chinese and English when he entered high school. He spent all his time on mathematics, physics and chemistry, which naturally gives him a competitive advantage.
On the contrary, if you do not learn English and Chinese well in junior high school, you will find that it is difficult to improve your scores in these two subjects in high school.
Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry or Liberal Arts have to be tackled hard, so you will feel like you are being attacked from both sides in your studies.
. How to improve Chinese scores.
How to learn Chinese? It's nothing more than reading more, accumulating more, investing more time, and using the repetitive memory rules I mentioned above.
Many people think that I am Chinese and do not need to learn Chinese; or that I don’t know how to learn Chinese, and even if I learn it, there will be no improvement.
This is also a huge misunderstanding.
Chinese will become more and more important. In the past, the college entrance examination was 150 points, but now it is 180 points.
When you ask whether Chinese language can be improved, first ask yourself how long you have spent learning Chinese.
If you are really attentive and devoted, your Chinese scores will definitely improve.
What I want to say here is that we should pay attention to developing problem-solving skills.
To put it simply, you have to study the real questions and answers of previous high school entrance examinations.
For example, for reading comprehension questions, you have to answer them yourself first, and then look at the standard answers.
What is the difference between your own answer and the standard answer? Why is the standard answer good? What is so good about it? What is the person who asked the question testing? What kind of answer is the scoring point? Cultivate yourself to be sensitive to the standard answer.
In this way, in the formal examination, the way and style of answering questions will be close to the style and routine of standard answers, and it is easy to obtain high scores.
To improve your composition writing, it is recommended to buy a classic full-score composition book.
Then read it more than 5 times, copy and memorize the good cases and paragraphs in it, and use it in your own compositions. If you read it more, you will naturally be able to flexibly apply these good words, sentences and paragraphs into your own articles. go.
. How to improve your English scores.
In fact, this is also a big topic. I will make a framework first and then gradually improve it.
(1) Listening. There is only one way to improve listening in , which is dictation.The steps of dictation are to take out the listening test questions from the previous high school entrance examinations, then listen to them sentence by sentence, and write them down. If you can’t understand a sentence after listening to it 5 times, it means that this sentence has a weak link in your listening, and you can skip listening. Next sentence, after listening to the whole text, listen again from beginning to end to check. Finally, compare what you wrote with the standard answers. The incorrect parts are your listening weaknesses. Underline them and read them again and again.
It will be very painful in the early stage, but if you listen for a month, you can basically guarantee that you will only make 1-2 mistakes in your listening, or even get all of them correct.
(2) words. recommends printing out all the vocabulary lists in junior high school, and then reading them over and over again, using the principle of repetition I just mentioned. and if possible, you can also memorize high school vocabulary, which will greatly improve your vocabulary. Then look at reading comprehension, just like a story meeting.
(4) Composition. is the same as the Chinese composition preparation. Buy a perfect composition collection, and then memorize it from time to time, rewrite it constantly, and apply it to your own articles.
4. Don’t go astray.
Junior middle school students tend to be emotional. Sometimes the teacher will criticize them, so they lose interest in the subject and stop studying. I would also like to suggest that learning is ultimately your own business, and don’t let this kind of thing affect your future.
went astray, including joining some gangster groups, and the people around me who were in this circle did not end well.
is also addicted to online games, mobile games, and Douyin. has to do one thing at a time. If important things are delayed, you will regret it later.
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During high school:
Keywords: reasonable allocation, hot pursuit, sprinting by subject
After reading this, I believe you are already tired, no Now that I’ve talked about those chicken-blooded strategies that can be found everywhere, let’s continue with the fun stuff! ! !
Bruce Lee once said this: I am not afraid of meeting an opponent who has practiced 10,000 kinds of kicks, but I am afraid of meeting a strong opponent who has only practiced one kind of kick 10,000 times.
Martial arts is like this, and high school study is actually the same. The college entrance examination is not afraid of how many books you have read and how many exercises you have done, but it is afraid that you will memorize the key points of each book and the solution ideas of each exercise, so as to draw inferences from one instance and reveal the other cases. Open its true colors.
always can't remember the knowledge points to be memorized. He studies the questions several times, but fails to remember the solution ideas and cannot apply them to other topics. In the end, it becomes "blind brushing". When this happens to
, it’s not that you don’t review carefully, let alone doubt your ability, it’s just that you didn’t use the right method.
Practice has proved: A behavior that lasts for more than 30 days will form a stable behavior, and a habit will be formed after more than 100 days.
The following efficient learning methods will help you ace your exams! It is said that top academics from Peking University and Tsinghua University are using these learning methods! quickly collect it!
1, attention stability theory:
attention stability must be previewed purposefully. Attention does not remain stable for a long time, but changes periodically. Generally speaking, if the class lasts for 45 minutes, the real effective time is about 20 minutes.
Therefore, in order to become a top student, effective classroom time must be used to listen to key points, difficult points, and method ideas. To achieve this, it is very important to preview in advance with a purpose, and you must listen to the lecture with questions. Many people don't understand this. They either don't preview, or they preview in confusion. Although they listen with their eyes wide open, they can only prove to themselves that there is indeed a difference in IQ!
Listening to the key points in class is so important. Listen to the class with questions . Once the teacher explains the content of the question, pay full attention!
2, memory decline theory: must review in time
German psychologist Ebbinghaus found that forgetting begins immediately after learning, and the forgetting process is not uniform. Forgetting happens quickly at first, then gradually.Teacher
told us that it is very important to review in time, but the experiment also proved that it is also very important to arrange the review time reasonably. It does not mean that review is effective. Reviewing at the correct time will get twice the result with half the effort!
What is the best time node? The suggestion given by the
experiment is to repeat the html after 15 minutes, repeat it again after 20 minutes, 1 hour later, 12 hours later, 1 day later, 2 days later, 5 days later, 8 days later, 14 days later. It will be remembered very firmly and it is difficult. Forget again.
But for more arduous learning, this is almost impossible. Teacher Guo’s personal practice is: immediate recitation is crucial (short-term memory is converted into long-term memory), and review within 12 hours or before going to bed is very important (preferably through question consolidation) , review three times after 1 day, 2 days, and 8 days, and the effect is usually very good.
3, Memory Coding Theory: You must build a knowledge tree by hand
Cognitive psychology research points out that the memory effect depends on the information encoding method, and "deep-level" processing is more conducive to the memory and retrieval of knowledge than "shallow-level" processing. In other words, memory and understanding depend on how information is processed.
The depth of processing is difficult to measure and define, and varies from time to time, but effective deep processing must establish a connection between memory content and known information, and establishing a knowledge tree is the most effective way to connect knowledge through a tree structure.
Take exam study as an example. Books are not a disorderly accumulation of knowledge points, but a tree structure. A node is a question. What we have to do is to build and improve this knowledge tree and constantly adjust it during learning. , add and delete nodes, and continuously develop and strengthen this knowledge tree.
Once the knowledge tree is built, each node is a thought, and each thought is a connection with the surrounding knowledge nodes. The connection between the knowledge becomes closer and closer, and the knowledge tree becomes more and more organized and organized. The more vitality you have, the more likely you are to understand and comprehend many problems, instead of being a messy mess with no clue!
4, Implicit Language Theory: Breaking the Learning Illusion
Many times we think we have learned well, but we mistake familiarity for knowing.
For example, if we study a chapter, mark the key points, and even take notes, we may think that we have learned well and know the knowledge points well, but if we close the book and do a simple self-test, we will instantly understand Forget about 30% to 40%.
For another example, ask yourself a classic question: "What is the prisoner's dilemma?" Do keywords such as "two people", "game", and "strategy" quickly pop up in your mind? You feel familiar with this issue. But if I ask you to describe it in full, do you really know?
During study, when reviewing a knowledge point, our internal language grasps several key points, which will lead to the illusion of learning and mistakenly think that we know everything. However, the knowledge point is not an isolated island, but is composed of logical relationships. This The external language is needed to describe and connect. Only through external language testing can we truly master and understand!
Therefore, the internal language must be converted into the external language. Cognitive psychology recommends this method of generation effect.
The generative effect is to explain the knowledge learned to classmates, friends, and family members. During the explanation process, actively think and organize the knowledge to build the logic and organization of the knowledge.
Experienced students know that a lot of inspiration comes from giving lectures to others, or even sudden enlightenment when asking others for advice. In addition, answering questions is very useful for mastering knowledge!
5, Emotional Performance Theory: Stress is a resource
Performance in the examination room and on-the-spot mentality are very important. The personal mentality at that moment is worth weeks, months or even years of hard work!
This involves emotional performance management, that is, there is an inverted U-curve relationship between emotional arousal level and performance. If the emotion is too low or too high, it will damage the performance. Therefore, appropriate pressure in is beneficial. No pressure at all or too high pressure will affect performance.
6, Take a reasonable rest, and rest is also a kind of learning.
There are many studies on learning time and efficiency. These studies confirm that: The learning effect will gradually decrease after 2 hours, and there will be no effect at all after 4 hours. Therefore, a reasonable rest is equally important as efficient learning. Ineffective learning for a long time is especially disgusting.
If you want to maintain stable learning efficiency in the long term, should not be over-consumed or even overdrawn at one time, and you must ensure that your energy can be restored every time you study.
For long-term study, it is wise to control the high-intensity study time every day to avoid mental fatigue or rebellious psychology. In short:
1) In the short term, it is necessary to reasonably allocate study and rest to avoid excessive exhaustion of energy and interest. , let the water flow slowly and steadily.
2) In the long run, persisting in learning for a long time can allow the body and mind to gradually adapt, and then the amount and intensity of learning can be gradually increased.
In addition, research has also confirmed that taking a rest or sleeping for a while after studying can effectively improve memory.
How to study each subject? Come on, let’s talk about each subject.
[Chinese language extra chapter]
. High school Chinese language
Pay attention to Chinese language! The college entrance examination is not just a test of one subject. partial subject will really become a stumbling block on your way to the college entrance examination!
In addition, Chinese language really focuses on daily accumulation, and famous quotes and deeds of famous people must be recorded. Prepare a collection of Chinese language mistakes: the pronunciations and shapes of characters that are prone to errors, types of incorrect sentences, various question types for appreciation of ancient poetry, and related answer routines.
Then listen carefully to the teacher’s analysis in class, and do more extracurricular reading, especially classical Chinese.
Finally, what Chinese teachers will tell you: neat handwriting! The average marking time for the Chinese language test for the college entrance examination is between 30 seconds and 1 minute. Neat handwriting is really a bonus. Seeing this, if your handwriting is not good, students should practice calligraphy quickly!
. High School Mathematics
"Those who get math in will win in the world", which also shows the importance of math scores! In addition, what can be greatly improved in the short term is mathematics. Many high school students are not good at math because they may not like math in the first place.
As a parent or as a student yourself, you have to find the purpose of learning mathematics. Mathematics itself is so boring and boring, and it is very painful to be forced to learn mathematics.
Therefore, if you want to cultivate your interest in mathematics, how to cultivate it? Find the math master you admire and follow his example! Take advantage of the "idol effect".
Mathematics is different from other courses. It has a very strong logic. We can remember some conclusions, but if you don’t know the causes and consequences, it is useless. The so-called knowing what is happening and being aware of it is learning mathematics. fundamental!
Being good at organizing notes is part of learning mathematics.
So, how to summarize the question types? I think we can organize
html from three ideas: One is to summarize based on knowledge points
The second is to summarize based on the selection of exam question types
The third is to summarize based on error-prone points
The first point is very simple, summarize based on different knowledge sections
For example: function, sequence, example geometry and other unit sections.
The second point is to list and summarize according to the test question types
We all know that the common question types in mathematics examinations are single-choice, multiple-choice, fill-in-the-blank, and large questions. You can also organize important practice questions according to different question types
The third point is that the author recommends that you organize the question types, which is to organize
according to the error-prone points, and then subdivide the error-prone question types into basic question types, common test question types, heavy and difficult question types, etc.
In addition, to learn mathematics well, you must pay attention to the following three sections:
① Problem-solving speed
② Problem-solving accuracy
③ Problem-solving ability
) Problem-solving speed
To improve the speed of mathematics problem-solving, you must first understand and understand the teaching materials, and Practice repeatedly; master the formulas and theorems. If you can’t remember the formulas, it’s a complete waste; every wrong question is valuable experience. Be good at organizing and using the wrong question book to summarize more problem-solving ideas; there are also some tips ：
Choose to fill in the blanks if you can use skills to answer them, use skills to answer them. Use skills as much as possible for small questions, and try to use templates for basic big questions. The basic topics are: sequence, trigonometric functions, solid geometry and probability statistics.
Compared with the big questions on conic sections and derivatives, these four big question types are simple, but we still need more or less time. It is very necessary to organize and summarize the necessary question templates.
) Problem-solving accuracy
has just finished answering the problem-solving speed. Let’s talk about problem-solving accuracy. No matter how fast you do the questions, 40% of the results are wrong. Then it is better to do it slowly. If we guarantee it, we will guarantee it. It is very important to ensure accuracy while answering speed.
After so many years of teaching and practical experience, the best way to ensure the accuracy of is to check . The secret of
is: learn one question with multiple solutions, use method A to do it, and use method B to check. If the answers are consistent, it is basically 100% correct.
) The ability to solve difficult problems
125 is a long way from 135, and 135 is still a long way from 145.
It is not possible to reach 140 at one time. You have to stably reach 140 before you can really reach 140.
Here, we talk more about how to solve the finale question:
I must say here that it is very important to solve difficult problems in , it is very important to insist on doing a difficult problem every day.
has no experience in solving difficult problems. The first feeling when getting difficult problems in the exam is not "excitement", but fear. This is the gap.
. High School English
The two most important points in learning English are language sense and stable practice.
I have a classmate in high school, , who has been sitting in the classroom every day since the second semester of high school with a repeater and practicing, and it is a super loud one.
was very BS about this method at first, but judging from the college entrance examination results, it is indeed a very useful learning method.
Although you may be ashamed to speak poor English, you can definitely find a corner with few people to practice secretly. The advantage of practicing this way is: enhance your sense of language, and then you will find that you are confused when doing reading comprehension. That’s right!
This situation completely exists. This is the English taste I emphasize!
As for the basic knowledge, you can usually take notes with you. In addition, you are guaranteed to practice a certain number and quality of grammar, Gestalt, and reading questions every day. It only takes 30 minutes, and you can complete them with quality and quantity.
Finally, you need to memorize words, sentence patterns and fixed combinations by rote. There is no other way. The best way is to memorize words quickly and effectively. It is recommended that you use "Associative Memory Method" or "Affix Method" " to remember.
[Article Comprehensive Chapter]
Although most literary essays are memorized, it does not necessarily mean that you can learn literary comprehensive essays well by memorizing them by rote. Maybe science students think that liberal arts is easy and they only need to memorize the texts. But the fact is that if you ask a science student with good memory ability to study liberal arts, he may not be able to learn it well. The reason lies in understanding, understanding the text, understanding the questions, understanding the ideas and logical structure of the questions.
. High School Geography
In fact, among the many subjects in high school, I think Chinese and geography are the two most useful subjects
One will help you clarify your logical thinking and exercise your expression skills
The other will help you understand the world and its mysteries
As the saying goes: astronomy from above, geography from below
I think these two subjects are enough to summarize
I personally like geography very much. I have loved watching "Animal World" and "Nature" since I was a child.
I also want to see every place in the world. Corner, later became a geography-related practitioner
The process of learning geography should be regarded as a game
Each unit section is a small level
When you conquer the next section, go to the next one
In this way, You will learn geography well and fall in love with geography.
. High School Politics
The biggest advantage of liberal arts is not only the imagination space that its uncertainty brings to you. Trying to bring theory into the life you want can better help you learn.
political learning methods and skills (organized by Brother Dai from the top students): ① Organize the wrong question sets, list down the knowledge points that you don’t understand, and read them again before the exam; ② Sort out the key points that you missed every time when answering the big questions. , often remind yourself not to miss that point; ③ When answering big questions, speed up writing, list the key points in multiple lists, mark ①②③, and be clear and organized; ④ Ask if you don’t understand; ⑤ Accumulate more and be willing to persist.
. High school history
History is still more memorized, but it will be much clearer if you memorize it in a chronological and logical order. The table of contents of each book is the framework of the whole book. Before starting to study, browse the table of contents as a whole. , understand the historical time that needs to be studied this semester. In addition, can use the comparison method to compare similar people and events in the same period and different dynasties, which will not only make it more fun but also speed up memory.
[Science Comprehensive Chapter]
It is not recommended to brush the questions for the Science Comprehensive Science. I think science subjects pay more attention to the logical thinking ability.
Brushing a large number of questions will reduce the overall number of questions.
If you really want to brush the questions, Do not repeat meaninglessly
Thinking is the key to solving science problems, which is to exercise the ability to draw inferences
and after completing the questions, you must be good at summarizing and comparing, so as to deepen or correct your own knowledge system and understanding
For physics and chemistry The summary of knowledge in the biology section is very complete
. High school physics
The core theories of the mechanics part are: Newton's second law, the law of universal gravitation, the law of conservation of mechanical energy, the kinetic energy theorem, the momentum theorem, functional relationships, and the law of conservation of energy.
Electromagnetics part , Coulomb's law is not the focus, the core is: electrostatic field theory, closed circuit Ohm's law, Ampere force and Lorentz force, Tesla's theory (tribute to Tesla), Lenz's law, Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
Thermal part : Ideal gas equation of state, four laws of thermodynamics (don’t ask me why it is four laws instead of three laws), molecular motion theory.
In the above knowledge section: Force analysis is also a top priority in physics, because every knowledge point you learn in the future is related to mechanics, so you should study as deeply as possible and strive to integrate mechanics knowledge with other knowledge points Come together.
It is very important to understand the physics reading questions. You must know what the question is testing. You must have an extremely deep understanding of the formulas and content.
Physics is a subject that knows everything
When you figure out a knowledge point, other deformation problems will not be too difficult
Share the experience of a top student
If you can do it too
I believe there will be no problem with your physics
During the review period in the third year of high school, I used a piece of paper, based on the definitions of major knowledge points, to complete the three major theorems of Newtonian mechanics, the two major theorems of thermodynamics, the three major theorems of electromagnetism, and the universal gravitation theorem. Combined with the conservation of energy theorem, the conservation of momentum theorem and mathematical geometric formulas, all theorems of high school physics can be deduced and deduced again.
. Chemistry knowledge
Basic chemistry : quantity theory of matter, electrolyte theory, redox theory, properties of elements in the third period.
Principles of chemical reactions : Le Chatelier's principle (many people do not pay attention to this theory. In fact, this theory can explain all chemical equilibrium and equilibrium movement problems), chemical reactions and energy conversion (enthalpy change), chemical equilibrium theory ( Direction, limit, rate, equilibrium constant, equilibrium conversion rate and influencing factors), ionic reaction principles (solubility product constant, weak electrolyte ionization, salt hydrolysis)
Material structure and properties : Theoretical basis of quantum mechanics (Bohr's atoms Structural model and quantum mechanical atomic model), Pauli exclusion principle, Hundt's rule, energy minimum principle, periodic law of elements (atomic structure gradient law, ionization energy and electronegativity), covalent bond model, Pauling energy Schematic diagram of the stage group (a tribute to Pauling, a two-time Nobel Prize winner, whose theory is the essence of the structure and properties of matter), atomic hybrid orbital theory, molecular spatial structure and properties, unit cell theory (four major crystals) .
. Biological knowledge
Molecules and Cells : Three major systems of cells (cytoskeletal system, biofilm system, genetic information transmission and expression system), the relationship between cell structure and its functions, cell energy supply and utilization, and cell life process.
Heredity and evolution : Mendel's genetic theory, material basis of inheritance, transmission of genetic material, expression of genetic information, variation (breeding), modern biological evolution theory.
Modern biotechnology topics: genetic engineering, cell engineering, embryo engineering.
The subject of biology is similar to liberal arts, which requires memorization to a large extent. As for the memory method, you can refer to the article written earlier. It is very important to take good notes on biology. Provide more structural diagrams of some knowledge points, summarize the connections between the knowledge points through thinking, and fix them with diagrams. This way is very useful.
Teachertold us that it is very important to review in time, but the experiment also proved that it is also very important to arrange the review time reasonably. It does not mean that review is effective. Reviewing at the correct time will get twice the result with half the effort!
What is the best time node? The suggestion given by the
experiment is to repeat the html after 15 minutes, repeat it again after 20 minutes, 1 hour later, 12 hours later, 1 day later, 2 days later, 5 days later, 8 days later, 14 days later. It will be remembered very firmly and it is difficult. Forget again.
But for more arduous learning, this is almost impossible. Teacher Guo’s personal practice is: immediate recitation is crucial (short-term memory is converted into long-term memory), and review within 12 hours or before going to bed is very important (preferably through question consolidation) , review three times after 1 day, 2 days, and 8 days, and the effect is usually very good.
3, Memory Coding Theory: You must build a knowledge tree by hand
Cognitive psychology research points out that the memory effect depends on the information encoding method, and "deep-level" processing is more conducive to the memory and retrieval of knowledge than "shallow-level" processing. In other words, memory and understanding depend on how information is processed.
The depth of processing is difficult to measure and define, and varies from time to time, but effective deep processing must establish a connection between memory content and known information, and establishing a knowledge tree is the most effective way to connect knowledge through a tree structure.
Take exam study as an example. Books are not a disorderly accumulation of knowledge points, but a tree structure. A node is a question. What we have to do is to build and improve this knowledge tree and constantly adjust it during learning. , add and delete nodes, and continuously develop and strengthen this knowledge tree.
Once the knowledge tree is built, each node is a thought, and each thought is a connection with the surrounding knowledge nodes. The connection between the knowledge becomes closer and closer, and the knowledge tree becomes more and more organized and organized. The more vitality you have, the more likely you are to understand and comprehend many problems, instead of being a messy mess with no clue!
4, Implicit Language Theory: Breaking the Learning Illusion
Many times we think we have learned well, but we mistake familiarity for knowing.
For example, if we study a chapter, mark the key points, and even take notes, we may think that we have learned well and know the knowledge points well, but if we close the book and do a simple self-test, we will instantly understand Forget about 30% to 40%.
For another example, ask yourself a classic question: "What is the prisoner's dilemma?" Do keywords such as "two people", "game", and "strategy" quickly pop up in your mind? You feel familiar with this issue. But if I ask you to describe it in full, do you really know?
During study, when reviewing a knowledge point, our internal language grasps several key points, which will lead to the illusion of learning and mistakenly think that we know everything. However, the knowledge point is not an isolated island, but is composed of logical relationships. This The external language is needed to describe and connect. Only through external language testing can we truly master and understand!
Therefore, the internal language must be converted into the external language. Cognitive psychology recommends this method of generation effect.
The generative effect is to explain the knowledge learned to classmates, friends, and family members. During the explanation process, actively think and organize the knowledge to build the logic and organization of the knowledge.
Experienced students know that a lot of inspiration comes from giving lectures to others, or even sudden enlightenment when asking others for advice. In addition, answering questions is very useful for mastering knowledge!
5, Emotional Performance Theory: Stress is a resource
Performance in the examination room and on-the-spot mentality are very important. The personal mentality at that moment is worth weeks, months or even years of hard work!
This involves emotional performance management, that is, there is an inverted U-curve relationship between emotional arousal level and performance. If the emotion is too low or too high, it will damage the performance. Therefore, appropriate pressure in is beneficial. No pressure at all or too high pressure will affect performance.
6, Take a reasonable rest, and rest is also a kind of learning.
There are many studies on learning time and efficiency. These studies confirm that: The learning effect will gradually decrease after 2 hours, and there will be no effect at all after 4 hours. Therefore, a reasonable rest is equally important as efficient learning. Ineffective learning for a long time is especially disgusting.
If you want to maintain stable learning efficiency in the long term, should not be over-consumed or even overdrawn at one time, and you must ensure that your energy can be restored every time you study.
For long-term study, it is wise to control the high-intensity study time every day to avoid mental fatigue or rebellious psychology. In short:
1) In the short term, it is necessary to reasonably allocate study and rest to avoid excessive exhaustion of energy and interest. , let the water flow slowly and steadily.
2) In the long run, persisting in learning for a long time can allow the body and mind to gradually adapt, and then the amount and intensity of learning can be gradually increased.
In addition, research has also confirmed that taking a rest or sleeping for a while after studying can effectively improve memory.
How to study each subject? Come on, let’s talk about each subject.
[Chinese language extra chapter]
. High school Chinese language
Pay attention to Chinese language! The college entrance examination is not just a test of one subject. partial subject will really become a stumbling block on your way to the college entrance examination!
In addition, Chinese language really focuses on daily accumulation, and famous quotes and deeds of famous people must be recorded. Prepare a collection of Chinese language mistakes: the pronunciations and shapes of characters that are prone to errors, types of incorrect sentences, various question types for appreciation of ancient poetry, and related answer routines.
Then listen carefully to the teacher’s analysis in class, and do more extracurricular reading, especially classical Chinese.
Finally, what Chinese teachers will tell you: neat handwriting! The average marking time for the Chinese language test for the college entrance examination is between 30 seconds and 1 minute. Neat handwriting is really a bonus. Seeing this, if your handwriting is not good, students should practice calligraphy quickly!
. High School Mathematics
"Those who get math in will win in the world", which also shows the importance of math scores! In addition, what can be greatly improved in the short term is mathematics. Many high school students are not good at math because they may not like math in the first place.
As a parent or as a student yourself, you have to find the purpose of learning mathematics. Mathematics itself is so boring and boring, and it is very painful to be forced to learn mathematics.
Therefore, if you want to cultivate your interest in mathematics, how to cultivate it? Find the math master you admire and follow his example! Take advantage of the "idol effect".
Mathematics is different from other courses. It has a very strong logic. We can remember some conclusions, but if you don’t know the causes and consequences, it is useless. The so-called knowing what is happening and being aware of it is learning mathematics. fundamental!
Being good at organizing notes is part of learning mathematics.
So, how to summarize the question types? I think we can organize
html from three ideas: One is to summarize based on knowledge points
The second is to summarize based on the selection of exam question types
The third is to summarize based on error-prone points
The first point is very simple, summarize based on different knowledge sections
For example: function, sequence, example geometry and other unit sections.
The second point is to list and summarize according to the test question types
We all know that the common question types in mathematics examinations are single-choice, multiple-choice, fill-in-the-blank, and large questions. You can also organize important practice questions according to different question types
The third point is that the author recommends that you organize the question types, which is to organize
according to the error-prone points, and then subdivide the error-prone question types into basic question types, common test question types, heavy and difficult question types, etc.
In addition, to learn mathematics well, you must pay attention to the following three sections:
① Problem-solving speed
② Problem-solving accuracy
③ Problem-solving ability
) Problem-solving speed
To improve the speed of mathematics problem-solving, you must first understand and understand the teaching materials, and Practice repeatedly; master the formulas and theorems. If you can’t remember the formulas, it’s a complete waste; every wrong question is valuable experience. Be good at organizing and using the wrong question book to summarize more problem-solving ideas; there are also some tips ：
Choose to fill in the blanks if you can use skills to answer them, use skills to answer them. Use skills as much as possible for small questions, and try to use templates for basic big questions. The basic topics are: sequence, trigonometric functions, solid geometry and probability statistics.
Compared with the big questions on conic sections and derivatives, these four big question types are simple, but we still need more or less time. It is very necessary to organize and summarize the necessary question templates.
) Problem-solving accuracy
has just finished answering the problem-solving speed. Let’s talk about problem-solving accuracy. No matter how fast you do the questions, 40% of the results are wrong. Then it is better to do it slowly. If we guarantee it, we will guarantee it. It is very important to ensure accuracy while answering speed.
After so many years of teaching and practical experience, the best way to ensure the accuracy of is to check . The secret of
is: learn one question with multiple solutions, use method A to do it, and use method B to check. If the answers are consistent, it is basically 100% correct.
) The ability to solve difficult problems
125 is a long way from 135, and 135 is still a long way from 145.
It is not possible to reach 140 at one time. You have to stably reach 140 before you can really reach 140.
Here, we talk more about how to solve the finale question:
I must say here that it is very important to solve difficult problems in , it is very important to insist on doing a difficult problem every day.
has no experience in solving difficult problems. The first feeling when getting difficult problems in the exam is not "excitement", but fear. This is the gap.
. High School English
The two most important points in learning English are language sense and stable practice.
I have a classmate in high school, , who has been sitting in the classroom every day since the second semester of high school with a repeater and practicing, and it is a super loud one.
was very BS about this method at first, but judging from the college entrance examination results, it is indeed a very useful learning method.
Although you may be ashamed to speak poor English, you can definitely find a corner with few people to practice secretly. The advantage of practicing this way is: enhance your sense of language, and then you will find that you are confused when doing reading comprehension. That’s right!
This situation completely exists. This is the English taste I emphasize!
As for the basic knowledge, you can usually take notes with you. In addition, you are guaranteed to practice a certain number and quality of grammar, Gestalt, and reading questions every day. It only takes 30 minutes, and you can complete them with quality and quantity.
Finally, you need to memorize words, sentence patterns and fixed combinations by rote. There is no other way. The best way is to memorize words quickly and effectively. It is recommended that you use "Associative Memory Method" or "Affix Method" " to remember.
[Article Comprehensive Chapter]
Although most literary essays are memorized, it does not necessarily mean that you can learn literary comprehensive essays well by memorizing them by rote. Maybe science students think that liberal arts is easy and they only need to memorize the texts. But the fact is that if you ask a science student with good memory ability to study liberal arts, he may not be able to learn it well. The reason lies in understanding, understanding the text, understanding the questions, understanding the ideas and logical structure of the questions.
. High School Geography
In fact, among the many subjects in high school, I think Chinese and geography are the two most useful subjects
One will help you clarify your logical thinking and exercise your expression skills
The other will help you understand the world and its mysteries
As the saying goes: astronomy from above, geography from below
I think these two subjects are enough to summarize
I personally like geography very much. I have loved watching "Animal World" and "Nature" since I was a child.
I also want to see every place in the world. Corner, later became a geography-related practitioner
The process of learning geography should be regarded as a game
Each unit section is a small level
When you conquer the next section, go to the next one
In this way, You will learn geography well and fall in love with geography.
. High School Politics
The biggest advantage of liberal arts is not only the imagination space that its uncertainty brings to you. Trying to bring theory into the life you want can better help you learn.
political learning methods and skills (organized by Brother Dai from the top students): ① Organize the wrong question sets, list down the knowledge points that you don’t understand, and read them again before the exam; ② Sort out the key points that you missed every time when answering the big questions. , often remind yourself not to miss that point; ③ When answering big questions, speed up writing, list the key points in multiple lists, mark ①②③, and be clear and organized; ④ Ask if you don’t understand; ⑤ Accumulate more and be willing to persist.
. High school history
History is still more memorized, but it will be much clearer if you memorize it in a chronological and logical order. The table of contents of each book is the framework of the whole book. Before starting to study, browse the table of contents as a whole. , understand the historical time that needs to be studied this semester. In addition, can use the comparison method to compare similar people and events in the same period and different dynasties, which will not only make it more fun but also speed up memory.
[Science Comprehensive Chapter]
It is not recommended to brush the questions for the Science Comprehensive Science. I think science subjects pay more attention to the logical thinking ability.
Brushing a large number of questions will reduce the overall number of questions.
If you really want to brush the questions, Do not repeat meaninglessly
Thinking is the key to solving science problems, which is to exercise the ability to draw inferences
and after completing the questions, you must be good at summarizing and comparing, so as to deepen or correct your own knowledge system and understanding
For physics and chemistry The summary of knowledge in the biology section is very complete
. High school physics
The core theories of the mechanics part are: Newton's second law, the law of universal gravitation, the law of conservation of mechanical energy, the kinetic energy theorem, the momentum theorem, functional relationships, and the law of conservation of energy.
Electromagnetics part , Coulomb's law is not the focus, the core is: electrostatic field theory, closed circuit Ohm's law, Ampere force and Lorentz force, Tesla's theory (tribute to Tesla), Lenz's law, Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
Thermal part : Ideal gas equation of state, four laws of thermodynamics (don’t ask me why it is four laws instead of three laws), molecular motion theory.
In the above knowledge section: Force analysis is also a top priority in physics, because every knowledge point you learn in the future is related to mechanics, so you should study as deeply as possible and strive to integrate mechanics knowledge with other knowledge points Come together.
It is very important to understand the physics reading questions. You must know what the question is testing. You must have an extremely deep understanding of the formulas and content.
Physics is a subject that knows everything
When you figure out a knowledge point, other deformation problems will not be too difficult
Share the experience of a top student
If you can do it too
I believe there will be no problem with your physics
During the review period in the third year of high school, I used a piece of paper, based on the definitions of major knowledge points, to complete the three major theorems of Newtonian mechanics, the two major theorems of thermodynamics, the three major theorems of electromagnetism, and the universal gravitation theorem. Combined with the conservation of energy theorem, the conservation of momentum theorem and mathematical geometric formulas, all theorems of high school physics can be deduced and deduced again.
. Chemistry knowledge
Basic chemistry : quantity theory of matter, electrolyte theory, redox theory, properties of elements in the third period.
Principles of chemical reactions : Le Chatelier's principle (many people do not pay attention to this theory. In fact, this theory can explain all chemical equilibrium and equilibrium movement problems), chemical reactions and energy conversion (enthalpy change), chemical equilibrium theory ( Direction, limit, rate, equilibrium constant, equilibrium conversion rate and influencing factors), ionic reaction principles (solubility product constant, weak electrolyte ionization, salt hydrolysis)
Material structure and properties : Theoretical basis of quantum mechanics (Bohr's atoms Structural model and quantum mechanical atomic model), Pauli exclusion principle, Hundt's rule, energy minimum principle, periodic law of elements (atomic structure gradient law, ionization energy and electronegativity), covalent bond model, Pauling energy Schematic diagram of the stage group (a tribute to Pauling, a two-time Nobel Prize winner, whose theory is the essence of the structure and properties of matter), atomic hybrid orbital theory, molecular spatial structure and properties, unit cell theory (four major crystals) .
. Biological knowledge
Molecules and Cells : Three major systems of cells (cytoskeletal system, biofilm system, genetic information transmission and expression system), the relationship between cell structure and its functions, cell energy supply and utilization, and cell life process.
Heredity and evolution : Mendel's genetic theory, material basis of inheritance, transmission of genetic material, expression of genetic information, variation (breeding), modern biological evolution theory.
Modern biotechnology topics: genetic engineering, cell engineering, embryo engineering.
The subject of biology is similar to liberal arts, which requires memorization to a large extent. As for the memory method, you can refer to the article written earlier. It is very important to take good notes on biology. Provide more structural diagrams of some knowledge points, summarize the connections between the knowledge points through thinking, and fix them with diagrams. This way is very useful.
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