Ma Hongkui, as one of the "Four Horses" of the Northwest warlords (the "Northwest Four Horses" are Ma Buqing, Ma Bufang, Ma Hongbin, and Ma Hongkui), first attached to Feng Yuxiang, then went to Chiang Kai-shek and ruled Ningxia for seventeen years. Known as the "Emperor of Ningxia".
Ma Hongkui was born in a martial arts family, his father was Ma Fuxiang, a martial artist in the 22nd year of Guangxu, and a Northwest warlord in the Republic of China. Affected by the family environment, Ma Hongkui also learned martial arts since he was a child. He is exquisite in martial arts and is ready to inherit his father's career. At the age of 18, Ma Hongkui was sent by his father to the Gansu Army to study and study, and later joined the "Zhaowu Army" and accepted Yuan Shikai's dispatch. In the photo, young Ma Hongkui (right 3) and his father Ma Fuxiang (left 3) pose.
In 1926, after Feng Yuxiang "Five Original Oath Master", Ma Hongkui officially defected to Feng Yuxiang. Soon after, Ma Hongkui switched to Chiang Kai-shek. In 1932, Chiang Kai-shek officially appointed Ma Hongkui as the chairman of Ningxia, but he did not want to take up this position at the time. But later, under Liu Zhi's control, Ma Hongkui's wish fell through.
In 1933, Ma Hongkui formally assumed the post of chairman of Ningxia, and his rule over Ningxia began. At the first provincial congress, he put forward the four major policies of clearing acres of land, sorting out finances, establishing security, and "encircling and suppressing" the Red Army. At the same time, he also paid special attention to the establishment of local education. In his Ningma army, soldiers and generals also demanded "three thousand literacy."
When Ma Hongkui was in Ningxia, he had three major hobbies in life. The first is love to listen to drama, the second is to make money, and the third is to marry a concubine. He has a total of six wives, the eldest wife Ma, the second wife surnamed Han, is his aunt, the third aunt Tai Kang Xiaoyun is a brothel girl, the fourth aunt Liu Muxia is an actor, and he is also the most important diplomatic wife, fifth concubine Zou Deyi is a college student, young, beautiful and educated, and his wife Zhao Lanxiang is also an actor. The picture shows Ma Hongkui and his fourth wife Liu Muxia.
1949,Ma Hongkui flew to Taiwan with his wife, concubine and son, and was accused by Taiwan’s "Ministry of National Defense" and Ma Bufang and his sons, demanding that he be responsible for the defeat in the Northwest. Soon, he was punished by "dismissal and investigation". Ma Hongkui felt discouraged and decided to leave. The photo shows Ma Hongkui under the lens of a foreign photographer in 1949. From the photo, you can see his frustration.
First he sent his fourth wife to Taiwan for "treatment", and soon lied about being critically ill and used this as an excuse to leave Taiwan. He asked Chennault to help with the passport, and flew to San Francisco with his fourth wife, fifth wife, sixth wife and seven and a half tons of gold, and then moved to Los Angeles. In the United States, Ma Hongkui lived a prosperous life with property raided over the years. He handed over the financial management to the fourth concubine, but due to the large number of wives and concubines, disputes and conflicts often occurred. The youngest fifth concubine also fell in love with a Chinese professor and filed for divorce with Ma Hongkui. Ma Hongkui at this time is no longer the prominent "king of Ningxia"
But when the U.S. Immigration Service persuaded him to ask his family to become American, the "criminal" warlord actually told his children: "You can decide whether to become American or not, but I will always be Chinese. ". Soon, Ma Hongkui was critically ill. When he died, he was still chanting "I want to go back!", and left a last word, demanding that he be buried in China after death. In 1970, Ma Hongkui died in Los Angeles, USA. His body was transported back to Taiwan and buried in Taipei.
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