In 223 AD, Emperor Zhaolie Liu Bei of the Han Dynasty became seriously ill and called Zhuge Liang and Li Yan to Yongan Tuogu. Liu Bei appointed Zhuge Liang as the prime minister, and Li Yan was the decree. Deputy, the Shuhan regime entered the Zhuge Liang era.
In the year 239, Emperor Wei Ming Cao Rui was seriously ill. He conscripted Sima Yi and Cao Shuang Tuogu. Cao Rui appointed Sima Yi as the captain, and he held the festival, governed the military affairs of China and foreign countries, recorded the book affairs, and appointed Cao Shuang as the general. The official positions of Cao Shuang and Sima Yi are almost the same. The only difference is that Cao Shuang has the power of false festivals, while Sima Yi only has the power of false festivals.
The choice of the minister of Tuogu has always been a very difficult task. Because he holds heavy power and is worried about threatening the imperial power, the most important thing for Tuogu is to maintain the balance of power. Liu Bei and Cao Rui's Tuogu are both two. Individuals, and these two have a large difference in ability, and the imbalance of ability leads to a different ending in the final tuoluo. But fortunately, Liu Bei, because he chose Zhuge Liang, who has worked hard and died after death, and unfortunately Cao Rui , He chose a ruthless Sima Yi who sought power to usurp the throne.
Liu Bei Tuogu Zhuge Liang
Tuogu ministers have always been full of political struggles, so Zhuge Liang soon overthrew Li Yan, became the only Tuogu minister, and became the real Shuhan. Under one person, over ten thousand people, a minister with military and political power, Zhuge Liang only did one thing after becoming the only minister in power, which was the Northern Expedition, in order to repay Liu Bei's grace and realize his common ideals.
Similarly, a power struggle broke out between Sima Yi and Cao Shuang, the two lonely ministers of Cao Wei in the north, but the struggle between Sima Yi and Cao Shuang lasted for a long time, from Cao Ruituo to Sima Yi. A full ten years passed when Gao Pingling seized power in the coup d'état. On Zhuge Liang's side, Li Yan has been on the edge of power since Liu Bei's death until Li Yan made a mistake and was demoted to a commoner by Zhuge Liang.
Zhuge Liang was able to easily overthrow Li Yan, not only because Li Yan’s ability was not as good as Zhuge Liang, but also because Zhuge Liang was supported by hundreds of officials of the Manchu civil and military, which covered almost all the important officials in the imperial court, the same reason, The reason why Sima Yi was able to bring down Cao Shuang was not only because of the disparity in abilities between the two, but also because Sima Yi was supported by the main ministers of the Cao Wei court and even the queen mother.
Sima Yi Gao Pingling coup
But the question is: as a lonely minister, why did Sima Yi usurp the Wei and Zhuge Liang did not usurp the Han?
The first reason is: Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi have different political ideals .
Zhuge Liang is a rare politician with political ideals in the Three Kingdoms. His ideal is to rejuvenate the Han Dynasty and return to the old capital. Although the national power of Shu Han is weak, but starting from Longzhong, Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei step by step. Big, from weak to strong, it took only ten years to go from a small warlord who lived in Jingzhou without any territory to the third largest political power in the world. This process took Liu Bei only ten years. However, Liu Bei did not complete Longzhong's plan, so Zhuge Liang continued to complete this ideal.
There are many kinds of people in this world. There are people like Zhuge Liang who persist in striving for ideals, and there are people who constantly change for reality like Sima Yi. Zhuge Liang is an ideal politician, including his Northern Expedition. To a certain extent, he didn't know whether the Northern Expedition could succeed, he knew that he had to do so. This kind of helplessness was Zhuge Liang's sacrifice for his ideals.
Cao Ruituo Gu Si Ma Yi
But Sima Yi is completely different from Zhuge Liang. Sima Yi is a pragmatic person. He cares about his immediate interests and the future interests of his family, but he doesn't care about it. It is the interests of the court. We don't see any ideals in Sima Yi. We only know that Sima Yi is a very realistic person. As long as he can obtain benefits, he will do everything, including usurpation.
So when Zhuge Liang kept devoting his life to realizing his ideals, Sima Yi spent his whole life forbearing, and then waiting for an opportunity to seize power and gain his ownMaximize the benefits.
The second reason is: There is a huge difference in personality and origin between the two people .
Zhuge Liang was born in a declining gentry. He lost his mother at the age of three and his father at the age of eight. At the age of 17, even his only uncle died. At the age of 17, Zhuge Liang had to support the life of the entire family. He also had a younger brother and The two sisters have to support them. In addition to farming and studying, they are usually studying the world situation. Zhuge Liang’s idols are Guan Zhong and Le Yi, one is to assist Qi Huangong to become the first generation hegemon of the Spring and Autumn Period, and the other is to assist King Yanzhao who is about to perish Qi. Famous generals, pay attention, Zhuge Liang's ideal is like Guan Zhong and Le Yi.
Zhuge Liang and the post-master Liu Chan
However, Sima Yi is completely different. You have no idea what Sima Yi is thinking about? what do you want? What do you want to be? I only know that Sima Yi is a low-key person, the city is extremely deep, and his emotions are invisible. This kind of person is terrible. When an emperor cannot fully understand a person's heart, he must never let such a person become a lonely minister. Obviously, Cao Rui's ability to understand people is not as good as Liu Bei.
Zhuge Liang’s approach to political enemies is to demote Li Yan to ordinary people, while Sima Yi’s approach to political enemies is to massacre. In the Gao Pingling coup alone, Sima Yi slaughtered Cao Shuang and more than 5,000 members of his party. These are two people. Zhuge Liang did not know how many times he was kind and benevolent than Sima Yi. Sima Yi did not have a psychological burden to usurp the throne, and Zhuge Liang never thought about usurping the throne.
Sima Yi and Zhuge Liang were both influenced by Confucian classics, but they showed completely different personalities. Sima Yi came from a big family in Hanoi. His family is not only large in population, but also talented, forming a huge interest group. On the contrary, the Zhuge Liang family does not have such an interest group and will not engage in political treason to usurp the throne.
Sima Yi and the young master Cao Fang
The third reason is: Cao Wei and Shuhan have different political systems .
The Cao Wei regime was orthodox in the world at that time. Since Cao Pi established the Wei Dynasty, he has implemented the nine-rank Zhongzheng system. This is a system of officials based on their origin. In fact, Cao Pi compromised with the gentry group. In exchange for his support for proclaiming the emperor, Cao Pi implemented a policy of cracking down on his immediate family members. Clan members like Cao Zhi and Cao Zhang were the targets of severe crackdowns. In the end, the power of the Cao family members became weaker and weaker, and what Cao Wei realized was that In bureaucratic politics, power is controlled in the hands of bureaucrats. When the emperor's ability is getting weaker, or when he is very young, power is in the hands of officials. Once someone controls power, the court is easily controlled by officials.
So when Sima Yi defeated Cao Shuang, basically no one could check Sima Yi’s power, so Sima Yi passed the power to his son. When Sima Yi inherited power, it showed that Sima Yi’s family began to usurp the throne. The process, because this is the standard procedure for usurping the throne, and the most important thing in all of this is the Nine-Rank Zhongzheng system. When the Sima family was in power, they wooed aristocratic families, including the Gaopingling coup. Sima Yi was able to succeed because of the success of the family family. support.
The political system of the Shu Han is different from that of Cao Wei. The Shu Han is a foreign regime governing Yizhou. As a foreign regime, the Shu Han can only rely on foreigners as the ruling class to manage Yizhou people. Therefore, the main contradiction within the Shu Han is the ruling class and Yizhou The contradiction between the local tycoons, because the local tycoons do not have political power, but they have to bear the most taxes, population, food, and money. If Zhuge Liang wants to usurp the throne, then he will encounter huge resistance. First of all, Yizhou local tycoons will oppose .
Sima Yi and Zhuge Liang
Secondly, the foundation of the Kingdom of Shuhan was to rejuvenate the Han Dynasty and return to the old capital. This person knows that if Zhuge Liang usurped the throne, wouldn’t it be that he slapped himself, there is no legality, and there is no basis for usurping the throne, even the foreign Jingzhou faction that temporarily supports Zhuge Liang will not support, Zhuge Liang will become a lonely person, such Zhuge Liang would not do stupid things.
Of course, the most important thing is that Zhuge Liang put all his thoughts on the task of realizing his ideals in the Northern Expedition, ruling the country according to law internally, and consolidating the Shu Han in successive years of the Northern Expedition.It is impossible for him to usurp the throne at Xianxinli, and Sima Yi only wants to continuously obtain practical benefits. After he defeated Cao Shuang, he found that no one in the entire world could support his power. As a result, his desire immediately came up. Power is like drugs. It would be addictive, and eventually Sima Yi inherited power, and succeeded in usurping the throne to build a promotion when his grandson was Sima Yan.
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