Qiu Chuji (1148-1227), the word Tongmi, was born in Qixia, Dengzhou (now Qixia City, Yantai, Shandong), Taoist Quanzhen Taoist, Taoist named Changchun.
In the last year of the Jin Dynasty, Wang Chongyang, the founder of Quanzhen Taoism, a new Taoist school, formally played the banner of "Quanzhen" in Ninghai (now Muping, Shandong) to preach the teachings of Quanzhen, and successively received Ma Yu, Tan Chuduan, Liu Chuxuan, Qiu Chuji, Hao Datong, Wang Chuyi and Sun Buer (Ma Yu's wife) are the seven major disciples.
Quanzhen Sect is based on the purpose of understanding the mind and seeing the nature, eliminating passion and desire, suffering oneself and benefiting others. Due to the turbulent wars and the suffering of the people, many people joined Quanzhen Sect in search of spiritual sustenance, and Quanzhen Sect became famous in the north.
In 1219, Qiu Chuji, who was seventy years old, still had a childlike appearance, so it was said that he had "the art of immortality" and "the art of ruling the world". These rumors also spread to the ears of the Mongolian great Khan Genghis Khan.
At this time, Genghis Khan was a good year. He felt that his energy was declining and his old age was approaching. He had heard of such a god, so he wrote a humble and sincere edict, Liu Zhonglu was sent to invite Qiu Chuji to meet.
Qiu Chuji had previously refused invitations from the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. After seeing Qiu Chuji this time, Liu Zhonglu said: "I have come here by special edict, and I have ordered it profusely. No matter how long you go, you must ask. Go and see him.”
After careful consideration, Qiu Chuji believed that the Mongol ruler was likely to rule the world. For the development of Quanzhen Sect, he decided to answer the edict. At the same time, he also wanted to take the opportunity to appeal to the people and persuade the Mongolian Khan to reduce the plan of killing innocent people.
In the first month of 1220, Qiu Chuji led Yin Zhiping, Li Zhichang and other eighteen disciples to leave Haotian Temple in Shandong and set off for the north. At this time, he was 73 years old.
Two months later, Qiu Chuji and his entourage arrived in Yanjing (formerly the central capital of the Jin Dynasty, renamed as Yanjing after Mongolia in 1215). At this time, the Orthodox soldiers of Genghis Khan marched westward to the Huarazimsha Dynasty in Central Asia. Qiu Chuji thought that he was too old and could not bear the hardship of wind and sand, so he wanted to invite Genghis Khan to meet in Yanjing, and wrote a petition form.
Liu Zhonglu reported to Genghis Khan urgently. Genghis Khan was busy with the war on the west, so he could not go east to Yanjing, so he wrote a reply edict, and once again sincerely urged Qiu Chuji to go west.
In April 1221, Qiu Chuji embarked on a journey of thousands of miles, advancing to the northern plateau of Serbia, regardless of his old age and physical decline, and embarked on a westward journey for more than a year.
On the way to the west, Qiu Chuji and his party were often disturbed by sandstorms and quicksand. In difficult times, the car is stuck in the quicksand, the horse is stagnant, and it is difficult for people to move a step. One of Qiu Chuji's accompanying disciples, Zhao Jiugu, even died of illness on the westbound road.
In the early summer of 1222, Qiu Chuji finally reached the Daxue Mountain (now Hindu Kush Mountain in Afghanistan), met Genghis Khan, and realized the "long-horse meeting" (Genghis Khan is a horse, Qiu Chuji is a dragon).
Genghis Khan saw that Qiu Chuji was really a fairy, and said with great pleasure: "Jin and Song have recruited you and you are not going. Now you have traveled thousands of miles to come to see me. I am very pleased."
Qiu Chuji replied: "The people of the mountains came by the order of heaven."
Genghis Khan was even more pleased, and asked straightforwardly: "The real man came from afar, what immortality medicine would give me?
Qiu Chuji was clearly prepared for a long time. He said: "There is only health care and prevention of diseases, but no medicine for eternal life."
Genghis Khan was not angry after hearing this, but praised Qiu Chuji for his honesty. Do not deceive.
Qiu Chuji and Genghis Khan met for the first time, and did not talk much. Genghis Khan wanted to set up an altar to ask questions, but it happened to coincide with Zalandin (the son of King Mahamo of Huarazim ) Defeated the Mongolian general in Baluwanchuan (now northeast of Kabul, Afghanistan). Genghis Khan wanted to lead his troops to conquer himself, so Qiu Chuji was asked to return to think about Gancheng (now Samarkand, Uzbekistan) to rest and wait for the call.
Autumn and winter of the same year, ChengjiAfter the war was settled, Si Khan asked Yu Qiu Chuji three times about the methods of governing the country and maintaining health.
Qiu Chuji took the opportunity to teach Genghis Khan the doctrine of the Quanzhen Dao, and persuaded: "The path of practice I said is the principle that ordinary people should follow, but the emperor is different. The emperor is sent by the heaven, and the heaven does not send one. In other words, acting with the hands of the emperor and his family requires you to eliminate cruelty, violence, and be the parents of the people... Therefore, the emperor should effectively reduce his sensuality and abstinence in order to be healthy and live long."
very Obviously, Qiu Chuji traveled far and wide, went deep into the desert, and went to the Western Regions to meet Genghis Khan, hoping to impress Genghis Khan with the words "respect the nature and love the people", so as to reduce the indiscriminate killing of innocent Mongolian horses.
Genghis Khan admired Qiu Chuji’s words very much. He said to his sons and ministers: "The Han people respect gods, just like we respect gods. I am now more and more sincere and believe that the real Changchun is the gods in the sky. Every one of you must remember what the gods sent to me said to me.”
In the spring of 1223, Qiu Chuji had been with Genghis Khan for a year. Due to not adapting to the plateau climate and missing his homeland, Qiu Chuji decided to return east. In March, Genghis Khan reluctantly said goodbye to Qiu Chuji and wanted to give him many gold and silver treasures, but Qiu Chuji refused. Therefore, Genghis Khan issued an edict to exempt the Quanzhen followers from taxation, and sent people to escort him back home with five thousand cavalry.
In 1224, Qiu Chuji settled in Yanjing, Genghis Khan placed him in Tianchangguan, renamed Changchun Palace (now Baiyunguan, Beijing), and gave Qiu Chuji a tiger seal book.
Since then, Qiu Chuji has been able to promote Quanzhen Taoism, Guangjian Taoism, and take charge of Taoism in the world, and has achieved the status of a Mongolian national teacher. In addition, Qiu Chuji rescued a large number of Han Chinese in the Central Plains by relying on the Tiger Talisman Seal Book, and regained freedom of 20,000 or 30,000 people who had been looted as slaves by Mongolia.
On the 9th day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar in 1227, Qiu Chuji passed away at the age of 79 in Baoxuantang of Changchun Palace. What is strange is that Genghis Khan died of illness in Qingshui County (now Gansu) under Liupan Mountain three days later.
Qiu Chuji’s preaching to the west on the snowy mountains can be compared with Master Xuanzang’s trip to India in the Tang Dynasty. It is also a great event in the history of religion in our country.
Although the "secret recipes" taught by Qiu Chuji were not really needed by Genghis Khan and were not fully recognized by him, they still reduced the brutal killing of the Han by the Mongol rulers to a certain extent. The Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty once praised this: "Stop killing with one word, and you will know how to save the world."
Later, Qiu Chuji’s disciple Li Zhichang compiled "Journey to the West by a True Man in Changchun" based on his own personal experience. "The book records the geography of mountains and rivers, the customs and customs of the masters and apprentices and others on their way to the Western Regions, as well as the experience of meeting Genghis Khan by Qiu Chu.
Since Qiu Chuji’s westward footprints are not only within China, but also in present-day Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan and other countries, the book "Journey to the West by Changchun Real Man" has also become a study of the history of Mobei in the 13th century Important information about the history of the Western Regions, the history and culture of Central Asia, and the history of Quanzhen Tao.
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