长安: The current Xi'an
was called Gaojing in the Zhou Dynasty and Daxing City in the Sui Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Chang'an, which means long-term governance and peace.
Related honors:
The first super city with a population of over one million in human history;
The most magnificent international metropolis in the world.
Chang'an, a city that has reached its peak due to the rise of the Tang Dynasty, is now called the center of the world at that time, but it has gradually withdrawn from history because of the decline of the Tang Dynasty stage. What we are talking about today is the history of the rise and fall of Chang'an, a dream city in the Tang Dynasty.
You can't imagine the style of Chang'an!
1个长安=7个古罗马城
Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, is a famous city The historic city of Chang'an is more than 7 times bigger than Chang'an;
The ancient Roman city can only reach one-seventh of Chang'an;
古罗马城Restoration Figure
Bianjing in the Song Dynasty, the largest capital of the Yuan Dynasty, and Beijing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the city size is several times smaller.
朱雀街——大唐皇帝’s exclusive " red carpet "
The main road of Chang'an, It is also the central axis of the entire city, which divides Chang'an into two parts. The east is called Wannian County and the west is called Chang'an County.
The New Record of Two Beijings by Wei Shu of Tang Dynasty records: From the Zhuque Gate of the imperial city, the Mingde Gate stretches for 5 kilometers. It is about 150 meters wide, and converted to the present, the widest area has 40 lanes.
The reason why the road was built so wide was actually to ensure the safety of the emperor.
According to statistics, in the Tang Dynasty, the farthest range of a bow and arrow can be shot is 60 meters. The emperor and his guard of honor walked in the middle of Zhuque Avenue, just beyond the range of the bow and arrow. At both ends of the street, there is actually a safe distance that cannot be hurt.
From Han Yu's "Early Spring Chengshui Department Zhang Shibayuanwai": Tianjie's light rain is like crisp, the grass is far away but not close. Said, it is actually the scene of Suzaku Street.
Han Yu
Lifang System——Chang’an People “Neighborhood Committee”
Lifang System: Put Changan Divided into 108 squares, each square is about the size of 70 football fields. The outside is surrounded by thick rammed earth walls to form an independent medium-sized living area.
Planner: Yuwenkai
108 Square in Chang'an, just as Bai Juyi’s poem said, "A hundred thousand houses are like a game of Go, and twelve streets are like vegetable gardens."
宵禁+Fangshi system: 規見多, I want to hey also It depends on the day!
Datang’s curfew system is very strict. If you are still wandering outside the square at night, you will be arrested by the guards on duty.
Since Chang’an is not a city that never sleeps, it’s on TVIn the drama "The Twelfth Hour in Chang'an", how can the people in the city be happy all night? This is about the Lantern Festival, a statutory holiday that has been passed down for thousands of years in our country.
In the prosperous age of the Tang Dynasty, the Lantern Festival has evolved into a Chinese national carnival. "Datang Xinyu" records: "On the occasion of the dragon, the first month of the capital is looking at the sun (that is, the fifteenth), the gathering of lights and shadows in the glory, the Jinwu relaxation, and the special night travel."
In addition to the curfew system, The Tang Dynasty also implemented the Fangshi system. Fangs are Fangs, and the City is the City. The various buildings are mostly divided by residence. You can’t buy and sell things and open hotel shops in your own buildings.
Datang's department store-Dongxi Second City
Chang'an's department store market is divided into east and west cities, and there is also the City Department and the Peace Associate Department, which belongs to Taifu Temple.
City Department: is responsible for controlling prices, inspecting the specifications of handicraft products, evaluating the price of each product every ten days, and reporting it to the government for filing.
Business hours: six hours/day. The door opens at eleven noon and closes before sunset in the afternoon.
Near the East City, there are many nobles and officials living, and subject to various restrictions, it is not convenient for businessmen from all corners of the world to come and go.
West Market is much more free. It is a market often visited by ordinary people, and most of the daily necessities are bought and sold.
Most foreigners in Chang'an come here to settle down and buy their own homes, which is very exotic. For example, when you walk into the East Market, the wine shop here may still be in Byzantine style. When you turn a corner, you can see Persian or Roman architectural art.
美食 with good wine ，生活乐悠悠
Western Restaurant No.1: Orchid Wine Shop
Li Bai "Youth Travel" wrote, "The young gold city in the five mausoleums, the silver saddle and the white horses are in the spring breeze. Where can Luohuatai travel around? Laughing into the Orchid wine shop." Li Bai compares the East city to the gold city, and even more Orchid's wine shop is compared to a place where young people who are proud of the spring breeze haunt.
Cake Stand No.1: 胡饼
According to the "Tang Yulin" record, Prime Minister Liu Yan went to the early dynasty and smelled the aroma of sesame cakes on the road , The saliva flowed down three thousand feet. I couldn't help but ask someone to buy a few, and I told my colleagues, "The beauty is beyond words, and the beauty is beyond words."
Don't talk about the prime minister, even the Emperor of Tang has eaten this. Peanuts sold on street stalls. According to "Zizhi Tongjian" records, when Anshi Mutiny, Tang Xuanzong fled Chang'an in a hurry, lacking food and clothing on the way, so Yang Guozhong presented the emperor Xuanzong with sesame cakes.
Chang'an: Sending Tang’s students to a paradise
According to the Supplement to Volume 5 of "Tang Yulin", "Three thousand students from Taixue, Silla and Japan, all send their children. Entering the dynasty and accepting professions." Three thousand people are the basic system for students studying in Tang Dynasty.
But there are exceptions. Zhenguan has 23 years in total and there are as many as 8,000 international students. And most of the people who came to Tang were princes and grandsons. The imperial court also attached great importance to these students who were sent to the Tang Dynasty. They did not charge tuition, and board and lodging were free.
Abe Nakamaro: Foreigner with the top 1 appearance rate!
Original name: Abe Zhongmalu
Chinese name: Chao Heng
Work experience: From Jiupin school book Lang to Annan Jieduzhi
School partner: Li Bai, Wang Wei, Chu Guangxi
Chao Heng
When Chao Heng was in his fifties, he only remembered returning to Japan. Who would have thought of boarding the big ship back to Japan, encountered a typhoon, and encountered pirates. Fortunately, he had his life back and returned to Chang'an after nine deaths.
At that time, Li Bai thought he was buried in a fish belly, and wrote a poem to mourn him:
"Cry Chao Qing Heng"
Japan Chao Qing's resignation to the capital,
Zhengfan is around pot.
The bright moon does not return to Shen Bihai,
The white clouds are full of sadness.
Dreamy Chang'an, beautiful and short
In December of the first year of Guangqi (885), when Emperor Xi Zong of Tang Dynasty was hijacked and quit Chang'an, a man named Tian Ling The rebel prime minister ordered the entire city to be set on fire, and countless towering palaces were burned down, which was very miserable.
盛世长安 of last hit
Behind the scenes: Zhu Wen
The Xuanwu Army Jiedu, who has won the rebellion against the Huangchao Uprising;
Open the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the Emperor Liang who opened a new chapter in history.
朱温
According to the "Old Tang Book · Zhaozong Ji", Zhu Wen ordered the soldiers and civilians of Chang'an Security City: "Destroy the Chang'an Palace and the private houses, choose the materials, float The Wei River descended along the river, and Chang'an has since then been the ruins of the hills."
This generation of famous city was finally demolished by Zhu Wen's order and used to build Luoyang and Kaifeng palaces.
As the economic center of gravity shifts to the southeast, people have refocused their attention on important cities like Nanjing and Beijing. In this way, Changan gradually dissipated its once magnificent figure. Thinking about it, I'm sighing, how much of the rise of Tokyo, the next generation of the Great Song Dynasty, came from the civil engineering shipped from the demolition of Xijing Chang'an?
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