Preface: In this year, Qin Shihuang traveled eastward again. In Bolangsha , he was disturbed by assassins sent by Zhang Liang. Qin Shihuang sent people to arrest him, but there was no result. Then, they came to Yantai, Shandong again, and climbed to the Zhifu Mountain to look at the sea. This time they carved stones on Zhifu Mountain to praise the merits of the Great Qin Dynasty. There were two paragraphs of text, respectively carved on two stone surfaces of the same boulder. First, the first paragraph introduced the background of the stone carving event, and the second paragraph was a specific eulogy praising the Great Qin. Finally, Qin Shihuang went south to Langya County, and finally returned to Xianyang via Shangdang County.
(1)
In the twenty-ninth year, the First Emperor traveled eastward. Zhiyang Wu Bolang Sand, was frightened by thieves. If you don't get it, you will have to ask for help from all over the world for ten days.
东: Towards the east, towards the east, adverb.
游: travel, play, verb.
to: arrive, come, verb.
Yangwu: Qin established Yangwu County , southeast of Yuanyang, Henan Province today.
Bolangsha: also known as Bolangsha, an ancient place name, a historical and cultural place, located in the eastern suburbs of Yuanyang County, Henan Province, now known as ancient Bolangsha. Historically, Zhang Liang, a descendant of South Korea's prime minister, was famous throughout the world because he sent people to assassinate the first emperor of Qin in an unsuccessful attempt.
is: being, preposition.
Robber: Bandit, rebel, noun.
suo: The structural form of wei (noun) suo (verb), wei...suo..., together form a passive structure.
frightened: frightened, frightened, verb.
seek: seek, seek, verb.
: No, negative adverb.
get: get, get, verb.
is: therefore, logical adverb.
order: command, verb.
large: large-scale, large-scale, adverb.
search: search, seek, verb.
Translation: Zhao Zheng In the twenty-ninth year, Qin Shihuang traveled to the East. When they arrived at Yangwu Bolangsha, they were disturbed by bandits. The search for the robbers was unsuccessful, so a large-scale search was ordered for ten days.
(2)
Climb the furrow and carve the stone. The words are:
Deng: Deng, verb.
Zhifu: The name of the mountain, also known as Zhifu, is located in the north of Yantai City, Shandong Province today.
engraved stone: carving words on stone.
its: pronoun, referring to the inscribed text.
words: words, literature, nouns.
曰: Say, verb, "曰" in Chinese and "say" in English are exactly the same expressions.
Translation: Climb Zhifu Mountain and carve words on the stone. The text is:
(3)
Dimension twenty-nine years, in the middle spring, Yanghe Fangqi. When the emperor traveled eastward, he patrolled and ascended the fu, which illuminated the sea. From the minister's perspective, the original thoughts are gone, and the original thoughts are recited. The great sage governs, establishes laws and regulations, and shows the rules and regulations. The princes of foreign religions only show kindness and justice. When the six kingdoms returned to the throne, they were greedy and ruthless, and they continued to torture and kill. The emperor mourned the crowd, so he attacked his teachers and promoted martial virtue. The righteousness punishes the faithful and the conduct is powerful, and everyone is convinced by it. Kill the violence, revive the head of Guizhou, and set the four extremes in the Zhou Dynasty. Universally imparting the Dharma, the longitude and latitude of the world will always be the rules of etiquette. How great! In Yu County, we must obey the holy will. When the ministers recite meritorious deeds, please engrave them on stone and display them as usual.
1. In the twenty-ninth year of Wei, it was mid-spring, when Yanghe Fang was rising.
dimension: auxiliary noun.
hour: season, quarter, noun.
in: in, located, verb.
Mid-spring: that is, mid-spring , the second month of spring, that is, February of the lunar calendar. It is called because it is in spring.
Yang: warm, adjective.
and: warm, genial, adjectives.
Yanghe: Adjectives are used together with synonyms and are used as nouns here.
party: auxiliary verb, indicating progress. Starting from
: start, rise, verb.
Translation: In the twenty-ninth year of Zhao Zheng, the season is in mid-spring, and warmth is rising.
2. The emperor traveled eastward, patrolled the fu, and illuminated the sea.
Inspection: inspection, inspection in various places, verb.
log: login, verb.
月: Verb synonyms are used together.
Re: look down from a high place, verb.
号: observe, observe, verb, the word "结" is used very poorly.
Reading: Verb synonyms are used together.
in: in, preposition.
Translation: The emperor toured east, patrolled and climbed Zhifu Mountain, and stood on the mountain to see East China Sea .
3. Follow the ministers to be generous, and remember the original meaning and read the original.
followers: followers ministers.
Jia: praise, praise, verb.
View: Observation, review, verb.
Gazing: These two verbs are not appropriate to be connected together.
Original: Exploration, traceability, verb.
Commentary: Thinking, thinking, verb.
Original idea: Verb synonyms are used together.
号: beautiful, adjective.
: achievements, noun.
chase: remembrance, verb.
Recitation: Description, detailed description, verb.
book: root, origin, noun.
start: fundamental, original, noun
start: synonyms and use of nouns.
Translation: The ministers who followed beautifully examine the past, investigate and think about beautiful achievements, and remember and tell the origin and foundation of achievements.
4. The great sage manages, establishes rules and shows the rules and regulations.
Big: great, adjective.
Saint: Saint, noun.
: creation, verb.
Governance: governance, management, verb.
for treatment: This combination is also very bad.
Build: Create, create, verb.
Determined: Determined, specified, verb.
Established: Verb synonyms are used together.
shows: spread, show off, verb.
chopsticks: manifestation, manifestation, verb.
obvious: verb synonyms are used together.
outline: outline dimension, law, noun.
: Program, discipline, noun.
Discipline: synonyms and words are used together.
Translation: The great emperor created and governed Qin , created and determined laws and regulations, and spread and demonstrated laws and regulations.
5. Foreign teachers and princes, and only teach and express their moral principles.
External: external, outside, adverb.
Teaching: Teaching, teaching, verbs.
light: "wide", widely and universally, adverb.
Assignment: scatter, apply, verb.
text: good, beautiful, adjective.
年: grace, kindness, noun.
Ming: clarify, understand, verb.
is: use, use, verb.
meaning: morality, truth, noun.
Reason: truth, noun.
meaning: synonyms of nouns and words are used together.
Translation: Teach the princes to the outside world, spread favors widely, and use morality and principles to explain them.
6. The six kingdoms are rebellious and insatiable, and they are harsh and kill.
: evil, evil, adjective.
: "小", evil, adjective.
号: Synonyms of adjectives are used together.
Greed: greedy, adjective.
号: violent, perverse, adjective.
Greedy: synonyms of adjectives are used together.
disgust: satisfying, verb.
abuse: infringement, harm, verb.
Kill: Attack, kill, kill, verb.
Torture: Verb synonyms are used together.
has: Stop, verb.
Translation: The monarchs of the six countries are all evil and evil people, greedy and violent but not satisfied, and invading and attacking without stopping.
7. The emperor mourned the crowd and then sent a sect to promote his moral integrity.
Sorrow: sympathy, mercy, verb.
: people, people, noun.
So: So, logic adverb.
Send: dispatch, verb.
discussion: crusade, verb.
Discussion: The use of these two verbs is unreasonable, that is to say, the author of this article is average and does not really understand the grammar.
Division: army, army, noun.
Strive: Use, play, verb.
Yang: carry forward, play, verb.
Fengyang: Verb synonyms are used in conjunction.
日本: military, noun.
virtue: kindness, kindness, noun.
Translation: The emperor mercies the people, so he sent troops to attack them and display and carry forward military favors.
8. Righteous punishment and trustworthiness are the ones who are in power, and everyone is convinced.
meaning: justice, noun, used here as an adverb, a mode adverb, through justice, with the help of justice.
punishment: punishment, punishment, verb.
Credit: Integrity and credit are still used as adverbs, adverbs of methods, through integrity and credit.
line: act, verb.
Power: Power, power, noun.
南 (chǎn): grand, vigorous, adjective.
next to: extensively, adverb.
reaches: arrive, verb.
: Double negation, strengthen the affirmative tone.
object: obedience, surrender, verb.
obedience: obedience, obedience, verb.
号: verb synonyms are used together.
Translation: Suppress sins through justice and act with integrity. It is powerful and widely reached all over the country, and there is no one who fails to surrender or obey.
9. Cook out the violence, revive the Guizhou head, and set the four poles around.
Cooking: cooking, cooking, verb.
extermination: eliminate, eliminate, verb.
Cooking: The use of these two verbs is also unreasonable, especially the word "cooking" is a bit inexplicable.
号: that is, strong, powerful, adjective.
violent: vicious, cruel, adjective.
日本: Adjective synonyms are used in conjunction, and are used here as nouns, powerful countries and cruel countries.
Vibration: relief, relief, verb.
Rescue: Rescue, verb.
新方: verb synonyms are used together.
weeks: Zhouji, safe, verb.
fixed: stable, verb.
weeks: verb synonyms are used together.
Four poles: Four realms, referring to the whole world within the country.
Translation: Eliminate powerful and cruel countries, provide relief to the people, and protect all the world within a stable border.
10. All methods are used to make clear, and the world is always the law.
general: universally, widely, adverb.
implementation: implementation, implementation, verb.
Ming: clear, clear, adjective.
law: law, law, noun.
: Governance, management, verb.
latitude: governance, verb.
分类: verb synonyms are used together.
eternity: forever, forever, adverb.
is: Yes, it is a verb.
instrument: law, law, noun.
: guidelines, rules, nouns.
: synonyms and words are used together.
Translation: It is always a law and a rule to govern the world.
11. It’s so great! In Yu County, follow the will of the Holy One.
Big: great, adjective.
: The two endings of the sentence are used to enhance the sigh of exclamation of the previous adjectives.
yu: territory, territory, noun.
counties: connect to "world", territory, world, noun.
Yuxian: synonyms and words are used together.
Inheritance: Inheritance, acceptance, verb.
Shun:Shun, follow, verb.
Chengshun: Verb synonyms are used together.
Saint: The saint refers to Qin Shihuang.
meaning: mind, will, noun.
translation: It’s so great! In the territory and the world, everyone accepts the will of the emperor.
12. Please carve the merits on the stone and express them in the common style.
Recitation: Description, detailed description, verb.
年: achievements, noun.
Please: request, verb.
engraved on stone: engraved on huge stone.
table: "standard", example, role model, noun.
文: 文, verb.
年: permanent, long-lasting, adjective.
style: style, French, noun.
Translation: The ministers tell their achievements, request to engrave letters on huge rocks, and leave examples to the enduring French style.
(IV)
Qi Dongguan said:
In the 29th year, the emperor went out for a spring outing and visited the distant places. He caught a corner of the sea and then climbed the crane and came to the Chaoyang. Watching the vast and beautiful things, and following the ministers all think about it, the original truth is clear. The holy law was first developed, and the internal and external violence was punished. Wuwei is surrounded by a stern and vibrates the four poles, and Qin destroys the six kings. According to the world, swaying the enemy, and silencing the army forever. The emperor is virtuous and the manager is in the world, and he is not lazy in audio-visual. To establish great righteousness, to show equipment, and to have sealed flags. The officials followed their duties and knew what they did, and there was no suspicion. The Guizhou Head is transformed, with the same distance and the same distance, and the best in the past. The regular duties are established, and the descendants follow their careers and inherit the holy rule for a long time. The ministers are kind to you, and only recite the holy spirits, please engrave them.
It is said.
It is: It refers to the "stone" in front of "please carve it in stone".
East: east, adjective.
View: Appearance, outside, noun.
There have been many controversies about this passage since ancient times. The center of the controversy is about where this passage is engraved, which is mainly divided into two schools of thought:
(1) Most scholars believe that Dongguan carving stone and its carving stone stand together on Zhifu (now Zhifu) mountain. For example, in the Song Dynasty, Zhao Mingcheng, " Records of the Golden Stones," said: "The Case of "Records of the Grand Historian: The Records of the Grand Historian", in the 29th year of the First Emperor, all two monuments were engraved, and now they are destroyed." Modern scholars, Rong Geng, "A Study of Qin Shihuang's Stone Carving" hold a similar view: "The Mount Fushan is 35 miles northeast of today's Fushan County. In the 29th year of the First Emperor, he climbed this mountain and carved two stones." But neither of them explained the specific reason for making this judgment.
(2) Another viewpoint is that it is not on Zhifu Mountain. For example, Li Dingxuan's "A Study on the Location of Dongguan Stone Carvings" points out that "Dongguan" should be interpreted as a place east of the Fu, and Dongguan Stone Carvings does not stand on Zhifu Mountain. On this basis, he further verified the specific location of Dongguan stone carvings and pointed out the possibility that Dongguan stone carvings were established in a mountain. He believes that "Dongguan" indicates that this place is east of Zhifu, and "Guan" refers to the palace buildings, and the ruins of the Qin Dynasty palaces exist in Chengshan.
The reason for these debates is that they believe that "Records of the Grand Historian: The Annals of Qin Shihuang" records the inscriptions of Dongguan stone carvings, but there are few records of the standing stones and carving processes of Dongguan stone carvings. Sima Qian distinguishes the inscription from the inscription of the inscription of the carved stone, and enters it together into the "Records of the Grand Historian", thereby removing the main position of the carved stone inscription of the carved stone inscription, making it seem to be attached to the carved stone rather than exist independently.
The main reason for this debate may be that they may not be able to read. Among the four words "Qi Dongguan Jue", at least they do not know the word "Qi". If they know this word, then there will be no ridiculous differences in the understanding here. The "it" here is obviously a pronoun. As long as you understand what it refers to, everything will be clear.The "stone" in this sentence refers to the "stone" in the "please carve in the stone" above. That is to say, these two paragraphs are engraved on the same huge stone. If we analyze the content of these two paragraphs, we will find that, like the "Langya Engraving" mentioned earlier, these two paragraphs are also used to explain the background of the stone carving, and one is used to praise the kindness of the Qin Dynasty. However, the order is opposite to the order in "Langya Engraving". In "Langya Engraving" first, the content of the verse is explained, and then the background of the stone carving is explained, and here we first explain the background of the stone carving, and then the following paragraph is the content of the verse. The verse is the ultimate purpose of the stone carving. The above paragraph is only used to explain the reasons for the stone carving, and explain to future generations why they wanted to carve stone here at this time. Here I have adopted two methods to determine this difference. One is microscopic language knowledge, that is, I have noticed the key word "一" and the other is macroscopic similar comparison, that is, I have noticed the comparison of "Zhifu Engraving" here with the previous "Langya Engraving" to deduce the same structure and use known and determined knowledge to deduce unknown and uncertain knowledge.
1. In the 29th year of Wei, the emperor went out for a spring outing and visited the distant places.
dimension: auxiliary noun.
Spring: in spring, adverb of time.
Travel: tour, play, verb.
views: observation, investigation, verb.
province (xǐng): observation, inspection, verb.
安平: Verb synonyms are used together.
Far: far away, far away, adjective.
square: region, place, noun.
Translation: In the 29th year of Zhao Zheng, the emperor went out to visit in the spring, inspecting and inspecting distant areas
2. He caught a corner of the sea and climbed the crane and came to Chaoyang.
arrest (dài): arrive, wait for it, verb.
in: in, preposition.
博 (yú): corner, noun.
So: So, adverb.
login: log on, log on, verb.
: Zhifu Mountain, noun.
Zhao: Show, investigate.
Re: verb, verb.
Zhaolin: These two verbs are not appropriate to be connected together.
: morning, adjective.
Yang: sun, noun.
Translation: When you arrive at the corner of the sea, you will climb to Zhifu Mountain and look at the early morning sunrise on the sea.
3. Watch and see the vastness, and follow the ministers to recite the truth, and the original truth is clear.
View: watch, verb.
Look: look far, verb.
Wait and see: Verb synonyms are used in conjunction.
Broad: broad, vast, adjective.
Beautiful: beautiful scenery, beautiful scenery, noun.
金: all, only, adverb.
Recitation: Think, consider, verb.
Original: Exploration, traceability, verb.
Tao: morality, truth, noun.
to: the most, adverb.
Ming: clear, clear, adjective.
Translation: Watch and look at the vast beautiful scenery from afar, the ministers who followed all remembered the past and concluded the truth to the clearest extent.
4. The holy law is first developed, clean up the inside and outside the borders and punish violent violence.
Saint: The sage refers to Qin Shihuang.
Law: law, decree, noun.
号: just now, first, adverb.
Xing: rise, start, verb.
clear: clean, verb.
Recipe: Organize and make it organized, verbs.
Cleanup: Verb synonyms are used together.
border: territory, boundary, noun.
: within, location adverb.
External: outside, external, adverb.
punishment: punishment, punishment, verb.
violent: vicious, cruel, adjective.
号: that is, strong, powerful, adjective.
结结: Adjective synonyms are used in conjunction, and are used here as nouns, powerful countries and cruel countries.
Translation: The First Emperor's decrees began to rise, to clean up and organize everything within the territory, and to punish tyrannical and cruel countries externally.
5. Wuwei was smooth and vibrated to the four extremes. Qin destroyed six kings.
武: Military, military power, noun.
wei: power, prestige, noun. Next to
: extensively, universally, adverb.
smooth: smooth, comfortable, adjective.
Zhen: means "shock", shock, shock, verb.
move: shock, shock, verb.
vibration: verbs are used together with synonyms.
Translation: The power of force spread everywhere, shaking the world, and the Qin Dynasty destroyed the other six countries.
6, explain and unite the world, the steroid harm will cease, and the army will die forever.
explanation: development, development, verb. The semantics of "interpretation" seem to have been specially invented for this expression here.
merge: annex, merge, verb.
explains and combines: verb synonyms are used together, but the use is not good.
Steroid: Same as "disaster", disaster, disaster, noun.
Harm: disaster, disaster, noun.
Jue: cut off, stop, verb.
rest: stop, stop, verb.
Juexi: verbs are used together with synonyms.
永: permanently, permanently, adverb.
yan: stop, stop, verb.
Rong: The general name of weapons, noun.
soldiers: weapons, weapons, nouns.
Rongbing: Nouns and synonyms are used together.
Translation: The world was opened up and conquered, disasters and disasters were isolated and stopped, and military wars were stopped forever.
7. The emperor is Mingde, the manager is Yunei, and the audio-visual is not neglected.
Ming: clear, clear, adjective.
De: Morality, conduct, noun.
Sutra: governance, verb.
management: governance, management, verb.
Manager: Use verbs with synonyms.
inspect: inspect, manage, deal with, verb.
Listen: governance, management, verb.
audio-visual: verbs are used together with synonyms.
Translation: The emperor has a clear moral character, governs and manages everything within his territory, and handles and manages government affairs without slacking off.
8. To establish great righteousness, to show off the equipment, and to have a flag.
works: create, create, verb.
Establish: set up, establish, verb.
Zuoli: verbs are used together with synonyms.
Zhao: obviously, significantly, adverb.
Establish: create, create, verb.
equipment: facilities, noun.
device: device, noun.
device: noun synonyms are used together.
html Chapter 2: Flag, noun.
flag: various flags, nouns.
chapter flag: nouns and synonyms are used together.
Translation: Created and established great moral principles, and clearly established many facilities and implements, all with flags and various flags as symbols.
9. Officials obey their duties, know what they are doing, and do not have any suspicion.
Position: Position, noun.
minister: a minister with a position.
comply: comply, obey, verb.
points: distinguish, separate, verb.
follows: This is also an incorrect concatenation of verb synonyms. Perhaps it is more appropriate to say that the concatenation of verb antonyms is more appropriate. However, in any case, the concatenation of these two verbs is inappropriate.
xing: the authority exercised, "su + verb" forms a noun structure.
suspect: doubt, verb.
Doubt: Doubt, confusion, verb.
Suspect: verbs are used together with synonyms, here they are used as nouns.
Translation: Ministers with positions all abide by their respective duties and distinguish themselves from each other. Each of them knows the power he exercises and does things without doubt or confusion.
10. The Guizhou head has been transformed, and it is the same as the distance and the nearest, and it is the best in the past.
Change: Change, verb.
ization: change, change, verb.
modification: verb synonyms are used together.
Far or near:Far or near, is used in conjunction with antonyms of adjectives, here is the adjective used as nouns, people in the distance and people in the near.
same: same, adjective.
degrees: the standard, size, noun for measuring length.
Pro: look down, look down, verb.
Ancient: ancient, noun.
: extreme, most, adverb.
You: the best, adjective.
Translation: All the people have changed and changed. People from far and near use the same metrics, and looking down on the whole ancient times is the best.
11. The regular job is established, and the descendants follow the career and inherit the holy rule for a long time.
年: long-lasting, permanent, adjective.
Job: Position, noun.
: already, auxiliary verb, indicates completion.
Determined: Determined, decided, verb.
After: same as "女", descendants, descendants, nouns.
Heir: descendant, noun.
descendants: synonyms of nouns and words are used together.
follow: follow, follow, verb.
Career: Achievement, noun.
long: long, adverb.
inheritance: inheritance, conformity, verb.
Saint: Saint, noun.
Governance: rule, noun.
Translation: The permanent position has been set, and descendants follow their achievements and inherit the rule of the emperor for a long time.
12. All the ministers are kind to you, just recite the holy spirit, please engrave it.
Jia: praise, praise, verb.
virtue: kindness, kindness, noun.
博 (zhī): respectfully, adverb.
Recitation: Description, detailed description, verb.
Saint: Saint, noun.
: achievements, noun.
Please: request, verb.
engraving: engraving stone, verb.
: in Zhifu, in Zhifu, place noun is used as place adverb.
Translation: The ministers praised their kindness, respectfully told the emperor's achievements, and requested to engrave the letters on Zhifu Mountain.
(V)
, then the Langya, the party entering the road.
rotation: return, return, verb.
So: So, adverb.
: Go, go, verb.
: go, pass, verb.
Shangdang: After Qin Shihuang unified the six kingdoms, he established China as 36 counties and established Shangdang County. The capital was located in today's Changzi County . In the early stage, it included most areas in southeastern Shanxi, east of Qinhe, .
Enter: Arrival, verb.
Translation: Return, so I went to Langya County, took the route to Shangdang County, and arrived in Xianyang.
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