France Cape Dynasty King
1165—122312
1 (Phil II ) After ascending the throne, not only kept the Cape Dynasty strong, but also was unyielding. Rao also had a long-lasting war with the powerful Gorebre dynasty.
Lu Yimin 《General History of France》
Louis VII 40s were still childless, and when the people were about to be disappointed, Philip II was born in a prayer. Coincidentally, Philip II was born in August, and August was named after the title of Octavia , so he was humorously called "August" .
1180 On September 18, 15-year-old Philip II became the only king of France, regent by his uncles Earl of Champagne, Henry I, Archbishop of Reims Guillaume de Blois and Earl of Chartre Tiber V.
As a nominal king without privilege, Philip II wanted to break free from the intervention of the regents in his own right and take the power. On the side is the Champagne family that hopes to continue to take charge of the country's power, and on the side is Philip II who is eager to rule. There is a sharp contradiction between them. On April 28, 1180, Philip married Isabella of Eno, daughter of the Earl of Eno. Artois was incorporated into the territory of the French royal family as Isabella's dowry, which was conducive to Philip's struggle with the Champagne family. Later, Philip II had many frictions with the Champagne family, and the dispute was not resolved until the two sides reached an agreement in 1185.
Given that the Cape Dynasty was trapped in the narrow "Isle-of-France " like a prisoner, and wanted to expand outward but was powerless, Philip II clearly realized that in order to strengthen the power of the royal family, the first thing to do is to expand the royal family's territory. In this regard, Philip II's grandfather Louis VI and his father Louis VII both made efforts, but they did not achieve much results. However, Philip II became the largest feudal lord in France at that time through only four large-scale territorial mergers.
For France at that time, the biggest enemy to realize the wish of unification was the King of England that owned French territory • Half-territorial King of England Henry II . In order to weaken Henry II's power, Philip II tried his best to instigate the relationship between Henry II and his sons (Henry, Richard, John ). Philip II formed an alliance with Richard and instigated Richard to fight with Henry II, while he himself reaped the benefits of the fisherman and regained some territory. In 1189, Richard succeeded to the throne and became " Lionheart King " Richard I . In order to attack Richard I, Philip II actively attracted Charles I's younger brother John to fight against the Lionheart.
As the news of Saladin occupying Jerusalem spread to Europe in 1187, triggering an unprecedented wave of public opinion, and the third crusade began. After discussion, Philip II and Richard I decided to temporarily put aside their personal grudges and join the ranks of Crusade . But this Eastern Expedition was fruitless. Philip II and Saladin's army fought fiercely for nearly a year, and Richard I came, which further intensified the conflict between them. Philip II withdrew halfway through anger and launched a fierce attack on the British king's territory in France after returning home.
Richard I had to return to China and respond hastily. The war lasted for many years and finally reached a five-year armistice agreement in 1199. Later, Richard was shot by an arrow during a siege and died soon afterwards due to serious injuries. After Richard I's death, Philip II's opponent was replaced by his successor, John the Landless King. Philip II once again used his usual tricks to incite John's nephew Arthur to fight against him and gain profit from it.
Later, John married Isabella, the fiancee of Poitou, angered the Lüjion family, so Philip II took the opportunity to form an alliance with Lüjion, announced in 1202 that the British king's territory in French territory and launched a war to attack Normandy. 1 In October 206, Philip II and John signed a contract on Tuar , stipulating that John abandoned all the original Prague territories north of Royal, including Normandy, Aquitaine, Anjou and Tuarine.
John, who lost his territory, was not willing to be outdone, and he formed an anti-French alliance with several princes such as Earl Flander, as well as Holy Roman Empire Emperor Otto IV to form an anti-French alliance to fight against Philip II. Philip II also formed an alliance with Pope Innocent III and Sicily King Frederick II. At this point, the contradictions between Britain, France, Germany and Italy were finally connected. Philip II won the famous Battle of Bouven, not only completely defeating John, but also replaced , Germany, and , becoming the most powerful country on the European continent.
In order to strengthen his rule, he operated Paris into the political center of France, changing the king's tradition of not having a formal office. Moreover, Paris was finally established as the French capital during this period.
From the establishment of lords to the formation of a highly centralized nation-state, it was a long and difficult process, in which the reign of Philip II was a period of critical qualitative change.
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