Clothing and footwear notes: Last time we mentioned that Dou Xian proposed to the old lady Dou, Queen Mother, that he would bring a group of people to attack the Northern Huns. Back then, he was able to beat Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, and he fought fiercely with the Xiongnu for more than ten years. His record was brilliant, but he actually failed to make the Xiongnu hurt. This time, Dou Xian proposed to fight the Northern Huns. Why does he have such confidence? It turns out that during this period of time, the Northern Huns were in chaos, and it was a rare opportunity to be beaten.
In 85 AD , a large defect occurred in Northern Hungary, and a total of 73 groups of people defected to the Han Dynasty. The neighbors of the Northern Huns all took advantage of the fire and looted: the Southern Huns (the royal court is located in Meji, Inner Mongolia Zhungeer Banner) fought from to the south of , the Dingling tribe (Siberian Lake Baikal) fought from to the north of , and the Xianbei tribe (the upper reaches of the Xiliao River in Inner Mongolia) fought from The east side of is played at , and the countries in the Western Regions that have been attached to the Han Dynasty are played from on the west side of . What is beset on all sides? This is embarrassing on all sides! In desperation, the Northern Huns had no choice but to flee farther (Wang Ting moved west to the West Sea, near the East Hara Lake in Kobdo City, Mongolia).
[Unlucky people, ghosts blowing lights, farting all hit the heel! ] Z2z
Zhang Baohe has an allegro phrase: people are unlucky, ghosts blowing lights, farting all hit the heel . The North Huns were disadvantaged in the fleeting years, and they lost their teeth when drinking cold water. In 87 AD , the Xianbei tribe once again attacked the Northern Huns. It is estimated that even they themselves did not expect that actually left you to kill ! In the Northern Huns, another 58 tribes and 280,000 people went to Yunzhong County (Tuoketuo County, Inner Mongolia), Wuyuan County (Baotou City, Inner Mongolia), Shuofang County (Dengkou County, Inner Mongolia), and North Dijun (Jinji Town, southwest of Wuzhong City, Ningxia), returned to the Han Dynasty.
is the most cruel to one's own person, usually .
The more miserable the Northern Huns, the more hey the Southern Huns.
The Southern Huns, Xiulan’s corpse, Hou Dan, Shanyu Luanti and Tun Tuhe (Shan Yu’s name is really crazy) wanted to destroy the Northern Huns, AD 88, , July, the Eastern Han Dynasty government:
now, Civil strife is happening in the north. At this time, your majesty will send troops to crusade, and we will be able to reunify the north and south, and we will never worry about the north in the Han Dynasty. We have lived in the territory of Dahan for a long time. Only when the Dahan gives us food, we have food; if the Dahan does not give us food, we have no food. Dahan rewards us with hundreds of millions every year. We enjoy peace, but we have never repaid, which is really ashamed. This time, we plan to recruit the headquarter and the elite of the Huns scattered in various counties, including the newly surrendered tribe of the Northern Huns. They will be divided into several routes and set off at the same time. In December, they will meet in the Northern Huns court. However, our strength is not enough at present. We ask the Han Dynasty to send Jinwu (Luoyang Garrison Commander) Geng Bing, Duliao General Deng Hong, and Xihe County (southwest of Zhungeer Banner, Inner Mongolia), Yunzhong County, Wuyuan County, The prefects of Shuofang County and Shangjun (Nanyuhepu, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province) and other counties joined forces to march north. Hopefully, with the divine power of the sage, he can quell the disaster in the north in one fell swoop. The fate of our Huns is at this moment. Please consider your majesty .
Yi Zilu said: Zhang Emperor Liu Jin passed away in April this year, therefore, the Southern Xiongnu should add the words "Sorry". Z2z
Empress Dowager Dou showed the memorial book to Geng Bing. Geng Bing said: At the time of
, Emperor Xiaowu (Liu Che) was very talented and used all the power of the world to make the Xiongnu surrender. However, the time was too late and ultimately failed. At the time of Emperor Xiaoxuan (Liu Bingye), Huhanxie Shanyu came and descended. In this way, the people in the border area found peace and peace for more than 60 years. Nowadays, there is indeed a god-given opportunity. The internal division of the Northern Huns, we use the barbarians to defeat the barbarians. This is the benefit of the country. I think the request of the Southern Huns is reliable.
Geng Bing also said that the Geng family was deeply favored by the emperor, and it was his duty to go out and serve.
Queen Mother Dou intends to adopt Geng Bing's opinion. Shang Shu (Secretary of the Palace) Song Yi objected, he wrote:
Xiongnu is a barbarian, there is no etiquette, do not talk about the ruler and his ministers. Within them, whoever has a hard fist is the boss (isn’t that the case in the Han Dynasty?). Since the establishment of the Han dynasty, they have been crusade against them countless times, but the gains gained far outweigh the losses of the country. Emperor Guangwu had personally experienced the war and knew the suffering caused by the war to the people and the country. Therefore, when the Huns came and surrendered, his elderly adopted a policy of sheltering the people. The people in the frontier gained vitality and reduced labor. It has been more than forty years. Up. Now, Xianbei submits to us and beheads and captures tens of thousands of Northern Huns. We sit back and enjoy great achievements, and the people don't have to work hard. zSince 5z Hanxing, there has been no other contribution. Why does say that? Because , Yi and Di attack each other, we won't even lose a . According to my observation, Xianbei attacked the Northern Xiongnu for robbery; and then dedicated his military exploits to us in hopes of rewards. Now, if we allow the Southern Huns to return to the north and the Huns achieve reunification, then we have to restrict Xianbei's actions. In that case, Xianbei would neither be able to rob nor get our reward for the merits. This group of greed like wolves will surely become our northern border trouble. Now the Northern Huns fled westward and asked for a good relationship with the Han Dynasty. Z5z should take the opportunity of their submission and turn them into outer feudal . There is no greater achievement than this. If the army is recruited, national power is consumed, and the wishes of the Southern Huns are complied with, but the best strategy is missed, and security is given up, it will be dangerous, and the request of the Southern Huns cannot be agreed.
Yizi said: which is right and wrong? Both sides seem to make sense. From the later development, I personally think that Song Yi is not a ruthless Confucian, but is indeed insightful. However, from another perspective, if the Eastern Han Dynasty itself is weak, no matter what foreign policy is, it will be useless. They are strong, so they are all right. If you fight, you will be convinced by the fight; if you don't fight, you will be allowed to fight each other. The pros and cons of
are so reasonable. If you send troops, you can’t decide for a while.
[Dou Xian: Queen mother girl, fighting this thing, I am good at it! ] Z2z
At this moment, what we talked about last time happened, which caused the balance to tilt to the side of the war. The Queen Mother Dou's older brother, Shizhong Dou Xian, killed Liu Chang, the capital of the township, and framed Liu Chang's brother Lihou Liu Gang (for details, please refer to the book " Shizhong Dou Xian: Buying and selling the princess’s manor, and the killer The son of the son’s head sacrificed to his father, assassinated the royal family members and blamed others ”), but was verified by a group of ideal supervisory cadres. The Queen Mother Dou was furious and shut Dou Xian in the palace. This time, I heard about the war, Dou Xianxin said, this is my strength, my specialty, let me go! Therefore, he applied to the Queen Mother Dou to conquer the Northern Huns to offset his capital crime. Queen Mother Dou approved. On October 17th, Dou Xian was appointed as the chariot general to defeat the Northern Xiongnu; Geng Bing was appointed as the deputy commander, and the Northern Army (field army) was appointed to mobilize the army, Yueqi, infantry, Changshui, Shooting Fifth School Corps and Liyang Camp The cavalry from Yongying, the Twelve Frontier counties, as well as the Qiang and Hu troops, went out for war.
Yi Cilu said: Explain a few concepts.
Liyang Camp, Liu Xiu relied on the cavalry from the three states north of the Yellow River (Youzhou, Jizhou, and Bingzhou) to defeat the heroes and establish the Eastern Han government. He set up a large camp in Liyang (Jun County, Henan Province, Jundu Ruxun) to accommodate the three states Of troops.
Yongying, the Youfufeng County militia headquarters set up Yong County (Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province), responsible for protecting the Sanfu area (Great Chang'an area) and the tombs of successive emperors.
Frontier twelve counties, Shangjun, Xihe County, Wuyuan County, Yunzhong County, Dingxiang County (Youyu County, Shanxi Province), Yanmen County (Southeast of Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province), Shuofang County, Dai County (Shanxi Province) Yanggao County), Shanggu County (Huilai County, Hebei Province), Yuyang County (Miyun County, Beijing), Anding County (Guyuan County, Ningxia), Beidi County.
in 89 AD, at the beginning of the year, Dou Xian will set out to conquer the Northern Huns. The three gongs and nine qings, all assembled, went to the court to dissuade them. They believed that the Northern Huns did not infringe on the frontier fortress, but we had to labor expedition for no reason, consume the state's assets, and seek merits thousands of miles away. This is really nonsense.
Yi Cilu said: If the letters expressed in the letter are all similar views, then the level of San Gong Jiuqing is far worse than Xiao Shang Shu Song Yi, Song Yi said, is the true meaning of international exchanges, whether with the North Huns is a border , There is nothing to do with half a dime. The
memorials were submitted one after another, but they were all shelved. Taiwei Song You was a little frightened, so he no longer signed the memorials. Most of the officials at the Jiuqing level stopped writing to advise. However, Situ Yuan'an and Sikong Renwei kept upright, and even took off their official hats to fight in court (taking off the official hat means that I would rather not be an official and stick to my proposition). They have written more than ten times. Everyone felt a sense of peace for them, but Yuan and Ren both looked calm and behaved as usual.
Yi Cilu said: Yuan An is the great grandfather of Yuan Shao, the first generation of the fourth generation and three masters of the Yuan family. Ren Wei is the son of Ren Guang, one of the twenty-eight generals of Yuntai.
Inspired by these two people, Shi Yushi (law enforcement inspector) Lu Gong, Shang Shuling (palace secretary) Han Leng, QiDuwei Zhu Hui, Yilang Lehui, etc., etc., a large number of people all wrote to discourage.
Yi Cilu said: After reading this, I found that Dou Xian and Baiguan’s Liangzi had an unusually deep bond. From the historical records, Yuan An and others were all gentlemen of the time, and a group of gentlemen opposed the expedition of the Northern Huns, but Dou Xian insisted on going on his own way and had to go on the expedition. Moreover, the results of the war were glorious for the past and present. In the end, Dou Xian was forced to commit suicide on the charge of conspiracy to commit suicide. Therefore, I have a feeling that when the historian recorded him, the atmosphere he exaggerated was different from the atmosphere when Wei Qing and Huo Qubing beat the Huns. The impression that victory is meaningless.
In June, the army of the Han Dynasty was divided into three groups. Dou Xian and Geng Bing set off from Shuofangjilusai (70 kilometers northwest of Dengkou County, Inner Mongolia), and the Southern Huns set off from Manyi Valley (north of Baotou City, Inner Mongolia). Du Liao General Deng Hong set off from Zhenyangsai (East of Ancient City Bay in the southeast of Baotou City, Inner Mongolia. Yidu Rugu), and was scheduled to meet in Zhuoxie Mountain (Bayan Wenduer Mountain in Mongolia).
[Battle of Jiluo Mountain]
Dou Xian dispatched deputy lieutenants Yan Pan, Sima Gengkui, and Geng Tan, and led more than 10,000 elite cavalry soldiers from the Southern Huns to fight with the Northern Huns in Mount Jiluo (Ihe Bayan Mountain, Mongolia). Defeating the Northern Huns, the Northern Huns fled. The Han army pursued the various tribes of the Northern Huns and reached the Beidanhai, a private channel (Benchagan Lake, southwest of Bayanhongor, Mongolia), and killed 13,000 people below the king of the tribe. Many people were captured and captured. There are more than one million heads of various livestock. The deputy king and Xiao Wang led the crowd to surrender, and there were 81 units and more than 200,000 people.
Dou Xian and Geng Bing went out of the prefecture for more than 3,000 miles and climbed to Yanran Mountain (Hangai Mountain in Mongolia), and ordered the Central Guard Army Bangu to set up a stone tablet on the mountain to record the prestige and grace of the Han Dynasty, and then class teacher.
This is the famous Yanran Leshi!
Ban Gu is the author of "Han Shu", a college enquirer and a great historian at that time. The inscription is as follows:
Only in the first autumn of the first year of Yongyuan, in the autumn of July, there is an uncle of Han Yuan who said that the riding general Dou Xian, Yin Liang Shengming, Dengyi royal family , Na Yu Dalu, Wei Qing Jixi. It is with Jinwu Gengbing, debriefing and inspecting. Li Bing Yu Shuofang. The school of Yingyang, the scholar of Chihu, the Sixth Division of Yanchai, Shanyu of Jinan, Wuhuan of Donghu, Diqiang of Xirong, and the long group of King Hou, Xiaoqi 30,000. Yuan Rong Qingwu, with four points in the long hub, with clouds covering the road, there are more than three thousand times. Le Yi eight formations, come to Yi Wei Shen, Xuan Jia is dazzling, Zhu Qi Jiang Tian. Suiling Gaoque, down the chickens and deer, pass through the moraine, and destroy the desert, cut the Wenyu to provoke the drum, and the blood corpses will be dyed. Then the four schools ran across, the stars swept across, and they were depressed for thousands of miles, and there were no relics. So the domain was wiped out, turned back and forth, tested and passed the map, and looked at its mountains and rivers. Then he surpassed Zhuo Xie, crossed Anhou, took advantage of Yanran, and walked through the districts of Maodun, and burned the old dragon court. The upper one is to push the high, the literary anger, the profound spirit of the ancestor; the lower is the descendant of Angu, restore the realm, and revitalize the heavenly voice of the great man. The so-called one-time effort and long-term rest, and the temporary expense and the Yongning people also sealed the mountain and published the stone, Zhaoming Shengde. The remarks read:
shao, the king's master, conquered the wild descendants, and suppressed the ferocity and cut off overseas. It is the boundary of the earth, the gods of the hills and the building of the dragons, and the emperor Xi will be vibrating forever!
Yizi said: We won’t translate the inscriptions. To be honest, the translation of such a thing is as boring as the translation of Tang poems and Song lyrics into vernacular. If you are interested, please Baidu it yourself.
[It is said that this is the inscription on the stone tablet]
It is said that Inner Mongolia University issued a message saying: From July 27 to August 1, 2017, the Mongolian Studies Center of Inner Mongolia University of China and Mongolian Genghis Khan University cooperated on site inspection and interpreted the East Han Yong In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (89 AD), Dou Xian led an army to smash the cliffs after the Northern Huns. After careful identification, it is preliminarily confirmed that the stone at this moment is the famous "Yanran Mountain Inscription" written by Ban Gu. This is a major archaeological discovery obtained through the Sino-Mongolian cooperation. The detailed process, content and data compilation and interpretation are in progress. After
, Dou Xian sent troops Sima Wu Pun and Liang Xian to bring their gold and silk property to Shanyu of the Northern Huns. At that time, the Northern Huns were in turmoil. Wu and Liang went to the West Sea to catch up with Shan Yu. They declared to him the prestige and credibility of the Han Dynasty, and rewarded him in the name of the emperor. Shan Yu accepted it with his bow. So Liang Xie persuaded Bei Shanyu to follow the example of Huhanxie Shanyu and become a vassal of the Han Dynasty. Bei Dan Yu's bones had been beaten up a long time ago, and he immediately agreed, and then led his troops back south with Liang Yan. When the team arrived at Beidanhai, the private channel, it was heard that the Han army had retreated into the frontier fortress. Beidanyu then sent his brother Youwenyu Wang to take the tribute to the Han Dynasty as hostages and followed Liang.Satire entered Beijing together. Seeing that Bei Danyu hadn't come in person, Dou Xian felt angry, so he reported to Queen Mother Dou and told Bei Danyu's brother to go back.
On September 7th, the Queen Mother Dou promoted Dou Xian as a general, and the Zhonglang general Liu Shang as a general. Dou Xian was named Wuyanghou, and 20,000 households in Shiyi. Dou Xian resolutely refused to accept the knighthood of , and Dou Xian approved it. According to the old rule, the generals were under the Taiwei, Situ, and Sikong. At this point, the Queen Mother Dou issued an edict, stipulating that the general Dou Xian was under the Taifu and above the San Gong. The long history of the generals and the quality of Sima Ranked as two thousand stones in the middle. Z2z
named Geng Bing a beautiful young man.
Yi Cilu said: Regarding Dou Xian's refusal to be nominated, I cannot guess whether it is sincere or acting. Interested readers can look back at Wang Mang's part. Wang Mang often resigns, but he is to get the reward to the extreme. He resigned part of it, and the part that he accepted is still terrifyingly high. In this way, both the benefits of the award and the reputation of humility were obtained. As for Dou Xian, he personally felt that he was different from Wang Mang. Z2z
explain a little bit, rank is the level of civil servants’ welfare benefits. Two thousand stones are divided into several levels. Among them are two thousand stones, two thousand stones, and more than two thousand stones. Two thousand stones are the highest. This is based on the General’s Mansion. The level is determined.
The Dou brothers are proud and indulgent, and they are particularly prominent when they hold Jinwu Dou Jing. His servants and subordinates robbed the people of property, raped and looted women, and committed almost every crime. Dou Jing also arbitrarily recruited the elite of the cavalry units in the frontier counties for his own use. No one in the relevant department dared to report.
is also Situ Yuan An, impeaching Dou Jing, saying:
Dou Jing arbitrarily confiscated the frontier people, disturbed and deceived the officials and the people, the prefect of the border county did not wait for the letter of the transfer of troops, but always followed the letter of Dou Jing, and the crime of Dou Jing should be executed. Show the public.
[Old Comrade Yuan, has roots and hard bones]
Old Yuan also sent a letter to impeach the mayor of Luoyang:
Sili Lieutenant and Henan Yin (Mayor of Luoyang), flattery clinging to relatives of the emperor, they should not be prosecuted for wrongdoing. Dismissal and investigation.
These memos have all been shelved. Among the brothers of the Dou family, Dou Gui is the only one who likes Confucian scriptures and self-cultivation.
In 90 AD , Dou Xian faction deputy Lieutenant Yan Long (reading Rulong) led more than two thousand cavalry troops to attack the North Huns' defenders in Yiwu (Hami City, Xinjiang) and reoccupied the area. Che Shiguo (referring to the former and latter two countries) was deeply shocked, and the former and latter kingdoms sent princes to the Han Dynasty as hostages.
Yi Cilu said: Dou Xian's military action is a great support for Ban Chao who is still in the struggle and mediation among the countries of the Western Regions.
The Queen Mother Dou issued an edict and named Dou Xian as the champion, Dou Du as Xihou, and Dou Gui as Xiayanghou. However, Dou Xian once again refused to be banned from .
Yi Cilu said: Champion Hou is particular about it. At that time, Emperor Wudi Liu Che named Huo Qubing the champion, and the Queen Mother Dou named Dou Xian as the champion. It may be a commendation of his achievements in the process of defeating the Huns, which can be compared with Huo Qubing. However, Dou Xian refused again. It is difficult for me to attribute this incident to Dou Xiangu's reputation. The reason why I am struggling with Dou Xian’s psychology is that in 92 AD, the Han and Emperor Liu Zhao murdered Dou Xian and a bunch of brothers on charges of insurrection. Readers can also think while reading, what is Dou Xian? Is it "rebellious" or "rebelled".
The northern Xiongnu Shan Yu sent back his younger brother as a hostage because of the Han Dynasty. In September of this year, he sent an envoy to the frontier fortress to show his service, and asked to come to Beijing to see him.
In October, Dou Xian sent Ban Gu and Liang Yan to greet him. At the same time, Shanyu from the Southern Huns once again submitted a letter requesting the elimination of the Northern Huns. Hearing this news, he sent Zuoguli Wang Luanti and others to lead two 8,000 cavalry troops out of the Jilu Stop (70th in the northwest of Dengkou County, Inner Mongolia). Kilometers). Zhong Lang used Geng Tan's mission as a prison army and attacked Shanyu the Northern Huns. The army arrived at night and launched a siege to Shan Yu, the northern Huns. The Northern Huns were only injured and only survived. The Southern Huns captured the Northern Huns and their five children, beheaded 8,000 people, and captured thousands of them. Z2z
Ban Gu and so on arrived at Beidanhai, private canal, and returned without success.
At this time, the power of the Southern Huns became stronger and stronger, with a population of 34,000 households and 50,000 soldiers.
in 91 AD, due to the weak power of the Northern Huns, Dou Xian decided to take advantage of the situation to eliminate them. In February, Gengkui, the left school lieutenant, and Renshang, the army Sima, were dispatched to live in Yansai (Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia) to encircle Shanyu, the Northern Huns in Jinwei Mountain (Altai Mountains, Mongolia).The Han army defeated the Northern Xiongnu army and captured the old mother (Mu'an) of Shanyu of the Northern Huns, and killed more than 5,000 people below the tribe king. The Northern Huns ran away without knowing where to go. After the Han army went out of the Forbidden region for more than 5,000 miles, the distance was far beyond that since the Han Dynasty sent troops to the Huns.
The Eastern Han Dynasty government named Gengkui as Suyihou.
Yizi said: Dou Xian beat the North Xiongnu painfully, and this is over. It must be over, because it didn't take long before he was killed on the grounds of treason. We will talk about this next time.
Mr. Bo Yang commented: Wars between China and foreigners are often limited to border areas and rarely affect the world situation. However, the Battle of Jinwei Mountain was not only important to the Han Dynasty, but also allowed the Han Dynasty to relieve the threat of the Xiongnu, which lasted for three hundred years, and take a big breath. It seems that China is more fortunate than Rome. In the end, Rome was still planted in the hands of the northern barbarians. Although China suffered a lot from the powerful northern forces, it was still able to get rid of them. For the Western world, the battle of Jinweishan is even more important. The remnants of the Northern Huns were unable to gain a foothold in Mobei, so they wandered west. The wandering time was so long that it was out of the scope of Chinese history and no written records were left. However, three hundred years later, the revived and re-strength Northern Huns finally wandered a distance of four thousand kilometers by air and arrived at the northern shore of the Black Sea, causing a domino-style ethnic migration. The West Gothic tribe, who originally lived on the northern shore of the Black Sea, could not stand the pressure of the Northern Huns and invaded the upper reaches of the Danube westward. The Vandal tribe, who originally lived in the upper reaches of the Danube, could not stand the pressure of Sigot and invaded the Roman Empire westward. Rome finally died in the hands of these barbaric nations.
The Northern Huns have since disappeared in Chinese history. Except for occasional intermittent information, only the Southern Huns are left, and they will always become vassals of China. This powerful force that once humiliated China has continued to exist in form for a hundred years, but it no longer plays an important role. At the beginning of the third century, its last term, Shanyu, went to Yexian (Ye Town, southwest of Linzhang County, Hebei Province) to meet the then Chinese Prime Minister Cao Cao. Cao Cao left him behind, and the Xiongnu Khanate finally died.
Yi Cilu said: Dou Xian’s policy of eliminating the Northern Huns is right or wrong. This can be discussed. However, the great achievements of Dou Xian in Chinese history books are surprisingly consistent-basically not affirmed. To be honest, Dou Xian was in pain against the Northern Huns. His opponents were certainly not as strong as those of Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, but the results far exceeded those of Wei and Huo. In the past, some readers suggested that I analyze it in conjunction with Wang Fuzhi's "Dutongjian Lun", but I later discovered that my opinion differs more than ten thousand miles from Mr. Wang! As long as I quote him, I can't help but criticize. Regarding Dou Xian, I specifically looked at what Elder Wang had insights, and found that, apart from saying that the Han and the emperor killed the Dou clan’s comrades, Comrade Wang was extremely correct. He basically didn’t say anything about Dou Xian’s northern conquest of the Huns, everyone. Say, can I not scold this old rotten man?
Forget it, I won't say it anymore, it's tempting. Even if the Northern Huns are a group of puppets, it is not easy to cut them down!
This time, I'm talking about the hero Dou Xian .
Next time, we will talk about chaos and thief Dou Xian .
[picture from the Internet]
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