The late Qing Dynasty was very chaotic, with some people causing trouble in China, and many countries abroad rushed to ask for "benefits". Especially foreign forces, once they compromise, they will be out of control.

The late Qing Dynasty was very chaotic, with some people causing trouble in China, and many countries abroad rushed to ask for "benefits". Especially foreign forces, once they compromise, they will be out of control. So what are these forces and what exactly is going on?

Since the Qing Dynasty signed the " Treaty of Nanjing " with the UK, the UK has tasted the sweetness from it, and the United States is also envious. Subsequently, the United States followed the example and forced the Qing Dynasty to sign a peace agreement. In 1844, also the Daoguang period, Gu Sheng from the United States and the Qing Dynasty signed the "HTM2 Wangxia Treaty " at the Wangxia Village in Macao, also known as the "China-US Five-Port Trade Charter". This treaty is the first unequal treaty signed by the Qing Dynasty and the United States.

After Emperor Daoguang Minning passed away, Emperor Daoguang's son Yizhu ascended the throne and became Emperor Wenzong of the Qing Dynasty, also known as Emperor Xianfeng. At this time, the Qing Dynasty was already declining and had constant internal and external troubles.

Xinfeng Emperor Yizhu took office, Hong Xiuquan started to make trouble. In fact, as early as the late Daoguang period, Hong Xiuquan and Feng Yunshan established the God worship association organization and secretly carried the banner of anti-Qing. After Emperor Xianfeng Yizhu ascended the throne, Hong Xiuquan launched the Jintian uprising in Guangxi and established Taiping Heavenly Kingdom . Hong Xiuquan called himself the Heavenly King and also conferred five kings, namely East King Yang Xiuqing, Southern King Feng Yunshan, Western King Xiao Chaogui, Northern King Wei Changhui, and Wing King Shi Dakai. At the same time, Hong Xiuquan also established some military and political systems, known in history as " Yong'an Establishment ".

Two years later, the Taiping Army took Nanjing and renamed Nanjing to Tianjing, and since then it has established its capital in Tianjing. In addition, Hong Xiuquan also promulgated the " Tianchao Land Acre System ", in which the ideal egalitarian measures were not implemented. However, this concept of everyone being equal and equality between men and women severely impacted the feudal system of the Qing Dynasty.

soon, the Taiping Army began the Northern Expedition and the Western Expedition. The Northern Expedition was led by Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang and , but failed. Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang both lost their lives because of this. The Western Expedition was led by Hong Xiuquan's brother-in-law Lai Hanying and others. Taiping Army expeditions to in the west. Although it occupied Anhui, Jiangxi, and some parts of Hubei, it was also taught a lesson by Zeng Guofan's in the middle of the journey, and was dragged into the quagmire of tug-of-war by the Qing Dynasty.

After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom established its capital in Tianjing, the actual ruler of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was Yang Xiuqing, and Hong Xiuquan became a puppet. Afterwards, Hong Xiuquan secretly asked the Northern King Wei Changhui, the wing king Shi Dakai and others to rush back to Tianjing to deal with Yang Xiuqing. Wei Changhui went to Beijing first and killed more than 20,000 Yang Xiuqing and his subordinates. Not long after, Shi Dakai also entered Beijing. Wei Changhui wanted to kill Shi Dakai again, which scared Shi Dakai and ran away quickly.

Later, Hong Xiuquan killed Wei Changhui with the help of his ministers. Afterwards, Hong Xiuquan asked Shi Dakai to go to Beijing to assist him. But Hong Xiuquan was very suspicious of Shi Dakai. The following year, Shi Dakai simply led an army of 100,000, fled from Tianjing and began to act alone. It is known in history as Tianjing Incident . After

, the Taiping Army won once. In the Battle of Sanhe in Sanhe Town, Anhui, Chen Yucheng killed Zeng Guofan's Hunan Army general Li Xubin, and also killed all of his 6,000 elite Hunan Army soldiers, which is known in history as Sanhe Victory . But after 14 years of fighting with the Qing Dynasty, it swept over most of China's Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement. At the end, it was pacified during the Tongzhi period.

As for external troubles, the Yaro incident occurred during the Xianfeng period. The UK falsely accused the Qing Dynasty of tearing up the British flag on the Chinese ship Yaro, and used this as an excuse to launch the Second Opium War of . In fact, the British later told the truth in the House of Commons that the ship's British registration certificate had expired and the British flag was not hung on the ship.

But with the support of Russia and the United States, British and French coalition forces took the opportunity to take Guangzhou, and also captured the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi Ye Mingchen , and then fought to Tianjin, and threatened to take Beijing. In a hurry, the Qing Dynasty and Britain, France, Russia and the United States signed the unequal Treaty of Tianjin respectively.But Britain and France were not satisfied, and soon they attacked Tianjin's Dagu , but failed. Afterwards, Britain and France increased their troops and successively captured Dagu and Tianjin, and fought to the city of Beijing. Emperor Xianfeng Yizhu asked his younger brother Yiliu to stay in Beijing and be responsible for peace talks with the coalition forces, while he ran away with his ministers and concubines.

When the coalition forces invaded Beijing, Yi Yi of the Qing Dynasty signed the unequal " Beijing Treaty " with Britain, France and Russia respectively. Afterwards, the coalition forces looted , and then burned the Old Summer Palace.

When Britain and France bullied the Qing Dynasty, France also extended one hand to Vietnam. In 1883, France forced Vietnam to sign the Hue Treaty and seized the "right to protect" of Vietnam. At the end of this year, France had the idea of ​​the Qing Dynasty again, and the Sino-French war began, and the two sides won and lost each other. Later, the Qing Dynasty and France signed the Sino-French New Testament, which mainly allowed the Qing Dynasty to recognize the treaty between France and Vietnam, as well as the withdrawal of the French army from Baodao and Penghu, etc.

After the Second Opium War, the Qing Dynasty, which was full of holes, wanted to make some changes. After all, on the outside, although the Qing Dynasty signed a treaty of humiliation with Britain and France, it only received temporary peace. These Western forces may use the same trick again at any time. Internally, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement tortured the Qing Dynasty and it was endless.

Therefore, for the Qing Dynasty, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement that was close to us was the main threat. Western forces are secondary threats. Therefore, at the suggestion of some enlightened ministers, the Qing Dynasty decided to obtain advanced technology and technology from foreign countries, which is the so-called "new policy on self-improvement." Of course, this advanced technology is mainly military technology.

In other words, in order to suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement in the country, the Qing Dynasty even compromised and concessions in exchange for foreign military support. These enlightened ministers are called "Western Affairs", such as Yilian, Guiliang, Wenxiang in the court, or Zeng Guofan in the local area, Li Hongzhang , Zuo Zongtang , Zhang Zhidong, etc.

Western Affairs Movement mainly purchases foreign guns and cannons and builds new military industries. For example, various official ordnances, machine manufacturing bureaus, ship affairs bureaus, etc. During the Guangxu period, the court also focused on building the Beiyang Navy and Beiyang Fleet . In addition, the Westernization Movement also founded some civil industrial enterprises, namely ship shipping, telegraph, textile industry, mining coal mines, and smelting other metal deposits, etc. #History##Funny History# #Qing Dynasty# #Historical Story#

However, the Westernization Movement, which had been carried out for more than 30 years, came to its forefront in China-Japan Sino-Japanese War of 1895. So what exactly happened? How did the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 begin? The next article will continue. I am in the present and in plain language, and systematically talk about Chinese history according to the order of dynasties. If you like history, follow me. Text/History Current.