When Zhu Di, the Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, launched the Jingnan Campaign to overthrow his eldest nephew, Emperor Jianwen, Zhu Yunwen, Duoyan's three guards helped Zhu Di very much, but what is puzzling was that Zhu Di wiped out Duoyan's three guards during the third ex

Doyan Sanwei is a collective name for three special wards during the Ming Dynasty period. Its troops are well-equipped Mongolian Iron Cavalry, and are the three ward wards established by Zhu Yuanzhang in the Ming Dynasty. In , the Ming Chengzu , Zhu Di launched the , the Jingnan Campaign, , to overthrow his eldest nephew, , Emperor Jianwen, , Zhu Yunwen, Duoyan's three guards helped Zhu Di very much, but what is puzzling is that Zhu Di wiped out Duoyan's three guards during the third expedition to the north of the Mo. Why is that?

In fact, Zhu Di's problem of dealing with the issue of the three guards of Duoyan was a big failure during his reign. It was precisely because he did not handle the issue of the three guards of Duoyan well that the three guards of Duoyan had caused trouble to the Ming Dynasty for many years, and indirectly led to the tragedy of Zhu Di's great-grandson Yingzong of Ming Zhu Qizhen in the "Tumu Fort Incident".

In fact, the three guards of Duoyan belong to the mercenary of the Ming Dynasty

In fact, the three guards of Duoyan were collectively known as the three guards established outside the Great Wall during the Zhu Yuanzhang period. These three guards of Duoyan are Duoyan , Taining , and Fuyu three guards of Duoyan . In fact, all of these three garrisons are Mongolians. The Doyan Guard is from Wuliangha, Mongolia, and its territory is equivalent to the current Xing'an League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; the Taining Guard is from Wengniuti, Mongolia, and its territory is equivalent to the current Tao'an area in Jilin; the Fuyu Guard is from Wujiye, Mongolia, and its territory is equivalent to the current Qiqihar area in Heilongjiang. Since the Doyan Guard is the strongest among the three garrisons, it is collectively called the Doyan Three Guards.

Originally, the area ruled by these three wards was the fiefdom of the Yuan Taizu Genghis Khan Temujin gave his younger brother Timuge Ochijin. During the Yuan Dynasty, Timuge Ochijin was named King of Liao, so the descendant of Timuge Ochijin ruled this area for generations.

In the 20th year of Hongwu (1387), Zhu Yuanzhang sent generals Fu Youde, Feng Sheng, and Lan Yu to lead a total of 200,000 troops to attack the remnants of the Northern Yuan . Under the offensive of the Ming army, the Northern Yuan Taiwei Nahachu was forced to surrender to the Ming Dynasty. Shortly after Naha surrendered, Lan Yu defeated the Emperor Tianyuan of the Northern Yuan in in Fishing Sea, which marked that the Northern Yuan forces were completely destroyed by the Ming Dynasty.

As Naha surrendered, Emperor Tianyuan was beaten and fled. The last Liao king Azha Shili was completely unable to rely on the Northern Yuan to resist the Ming Dynasty. He had only two choices at that time, one was to be wiped out by Zhu Yuanzhang, and the other was to take the initiative to surrender. Under such circumstances, Azha Sili had no choice but to surrender to Zhu Yuanzhang, so Zhu Yuanzhang incorporated the Mongolian cavalry under Azha Sili, continued the title of the Yuan Dynasty, and still established the Three Guards of Duoyan.

But Azha Sili was a Mongolian, and Zhu Yuanzhang certainly could not trust him. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang conferred the seventeenth son Zhu Quan as Ningwang to Daning (now Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia) to vassals. Although the three guards of the Duoyan belong to the garrison and enjoy a high degree of autonomy, they must be supervised by Ningwang Zhu Quan, which also made Ningwang Zhu Quan one of the King of Serbia in the Ming Dynasty, and were very strong. Among the kings of Serbia in the early Ming Dynasty, Ningwang Zhu Quan's strength was second only to King of Yan Zhu Di.

Azha Sili was enthroned by Zhu Yuanzhang as the commander of Taining Guard by Zhu Yuanzhang, and he did not even get a title. Therefore,Azha Sili was very dissatisfied with Zhu Yuanzhang. In addition, Zhu Yuanzhang sent the young Zhu Quan to be Azha Sili's nominal boss, so soon Azha Sili took his clan members and his direct subordinates to find Emperor Tianyuan.

Although Azha Shili took away many subordinates, there were still many Mongolian cavalry in the three guards of Duoyan. These Mongolian cavalry did not dare to resist Zhu Yuanzhang, so they expressed their loyalty to the Ming Dynasty. However, although the three guards of Duoyan expressed their loyalty to the Ming Dynasty in name, they were actually just Mongolian mercenaries incorporated by Zhu Yuanzhang.

After Zhu Yuanzhang passed the throne to the crown prince Zhu Yunwen. After Zhu Yunwen ascended the throne, he was very afraid of the uncles of the vassal kings who held heavy troops in various places, so he began to severely reduce the vassal states after he ascended the throne.Zhu Yunwen's harsh methods of reducing the vassals forced Zhu Di, the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, to launch the Jingnan Campaign to resist the reduction of the vassals.

When Zhu Di launched the Jingnan Campaign, he controlled an area as a vassal king to fight against the national power controlled by Zhu Yunwen, which was a situation where he fought against the whole country in a corner. Zhu Di is actually a disadvantage in strength, so Zhu Di is determined to enhance his own strength, so he put his ideas on Duoyan Sanwei.

But if Zhu Di wants to control the three guards of Duoyan, he must face his younger brother Zhu Quan. He knows that Zhu Quan is good at plotting, and maybe Zhu Quan cannot accept Zhu Yunwen's reduction of the vassals, but he will not easily resist Zhu Yunwen. Therefore, Zhu Di knows that it is almost impossible to win over Zhu Quan and start the Jingnan battle with him, so Zhu Di decided to take Zhu Quan's wisdom.

In the first year of jianwen (1399), Jiangyin Hou Wu Gao led his army to attack Yongping (now Lulong, Hebei), controlled by Zhu Di. After Zhu Di rushed to help Yongping and repelled Wu Gao, Zhu Di took the opportunity to Daning to find Zhu Quan.

Zhu Di first came outside Daning City with a single horse. Zhu Di and Zhu Quan walked around frequently because their fiefs were close, and their relationship was quite close. Therefore, when Zhu Di came to Daning alone, Zhu Quan did not suspect him, but went out of the city to greet him in person.

. After Zhu Di saw Zhu Quan, he started the show. He cried to Zhu Quan with tears and tears. He was defeated by Jiangyin Marquis Wu Gao, and was almost wiped out. He came to Daning just to ask Zhu Quan to plead for his nephew Zhu Yunwen.

Zhu Quan had known about the besiege of Jiangyin Marquis Wu Gao, so he believed in Zhu Di's confession and really thought that Zhu Di was defeated by Wu Master. He expressed sympathy and sympathy for Zhu Di, and promised to plead for Zhu Di in front of Zhu Yunwen, and also tried to keep Zhu Di in Ningwang Mansion . While writing a pleading memorial to Zhu Yunwen, he also comforted Zhu Di not to worry.

However, what Zhu Quan did not expect was that during the period when Zhu Di lived in the Ning Prince's Mansion, Zhu Di's subordinates had already divided into two groups, sneaking into Daning City secretly and bribing the leaders of the three guards of Duoyan. After Zhu Di lived for a while, he said goodbye to Zhu Quan. Zhu Quan also diligently saw him off. When Zhu Quan left the city to see Zhu Di, Zhu Di's subordinates suddenly raised an uprising and controlled the city of Daning, and Zhu Quan, who saw Zhu Di off, was also controlled.

Zhu Di expressed his intention to raise Zhu Quan to raise an army to calm the crisis. If the two brothers succeed and the world is equal, Zhu Quan has fallen into Zhu Di's hands, and he has no other way, so he can only be coerced by Zhu Di to agree to raise an army to calm the crisis. In this way, Zhu Quan agreed to raise an army to rectify the crisis, and Zhu Quan was the nominal boss of the three guards of Duoyan. With Zhu Quan nodded, and the leaders of the three guards of Duoyan were all bribed by Zhu Di, so naturally the three guards of Duoyan naturally became Zhu Di's troops and participated in the Jingnan Campaign.

Because the three guards of Duoyan are mainly Mongolian cavalry, they have strong attack power and mobility. In addition, the strong and brave spirit of the Mongols make the three guards of Duoyan a heavy force that Zhu Di relied on. Whenever he encounters a tough battle, Zhu Di will definitely send the three guards of Duoyan to succeed.

in "History of Ming Dynasty" records: was the three guards who charged forward. Chengzu had the world since he conquered Daning.

But after all, the three guards of Duoyan belong to Mongolian mercenary , and their loyalty is not so reliable.

Do Yan Sanwei mercenaries attributes destined to be unloyalty

After Zhu Di succeeded in the Jingnan Campaign, his eldest nephew Zhu Yunwen was missing, and Zhu Di successfully ascended the throne to the throne. However, after Zhu Di ascended the throne, he promised to divide the world equally with Zhu Quan, but it didn't count. After all, that was just an excuse for Zhu Di to fool Zhu Quan. After Zhu Di became emperor, he not only did not want to share the world with Zhu Quan, but he even did not want Zhu Quan to continue to become a vassal king with heavy troops.

Soon Zhu Di issued an order to let the court take back the military power of the Daningdusi controlled by Zhu Quan. Of course, Zhu Di not only took back the military power of Zhu Quan, the military power of the king of Zhu Quan, but the military power of other kings of Zhu Di was also successively taken back by Zhu Di. When Zhu Quan saw Zhu Di's like this, he was also a smart person. He knew that he had not only not received the reward from Zhu Di, but also was already suspicious.

, and Zhu Quan also understood that Zhu Di raised an army with the military power of King Se to ascend the throne, so he would naturally be suspicious and guarded against the King Se who held military power. Therefore, Zhu Quan did not dare to ask for Zhu Di's reward or equal share of the world. At that time, he had only sought to protect himself.

Therefore, Zhu Quan took the initiative to submit a memorial to ask Zhu Di to transfer his fiefdom from a border fortress like Daning. Zhu Quan hoped that Zhu Di would seal himself to wealthy places like , southern , Suzhou. However, Suzhou was a place of taxation in the Ming Dynasty, so how could Zhu Di seal his wallet to Zhu Quan? Therefore, he politely declined Zhu Quan's request.

Zhu Quan had no choice but to ask Zhu Di to change his fiefdom to a slightly worse Nanchang , and Zhu Di disagreed. This time, Zhu Quan was a little unhappy, so Zhu Quan used his influence in the Daning Dusi. He incited the Ming army of the Daning Wei Office to flee or mutiny on the grounds that Zhu Di rewarded him injustice, which eventually led to the Daning military chaos.

Zhu Di saw that Zhu Quan had a great influence in Daning, so he could only agree to change Zhu Quan's fiefdom to Nanchang. After Zhu Di agreed on this, Zhu Quan quickly used his influence to calm the military chaos in Daning. After the military chaos subsided, Zhu Quan took his family to Nanchang to take advantage of the vassal. After that, in order not to arouse Zhu Di's suspicion, Zhu Quan closed his door to Nanchang to thank the guests, kept a low profile, and finally Zhu Quan was able to die a good life. However, it is a pity that Zhu Quan's great-grandson Zhu Chenhao did not forget the promise of Zhu Di and the Ning Wang family to share the world. During the Zhu Houzhao period, Zhu Chenhao rebelled and was pacified by the Ming Dynasty saint Wang Yangming, and the title of Ning Wang was abolished from then on.

After the Daning military chaos, Zhu Di felt that Zhu Quan had too much influence on Daning, and even if he was far away in Nanchang, he was not relieved. So Zhu Di decided to abolish the border army of the Daning Vanguard and instead martyr Duoyan three guards replaced the border army of the Daning Vanguard to garrison Daning City. Therefore, Zhu Di awarded the leaders of the three guards of Duoyan with great honors and asked them to move to Daning City to guard the border for the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Di is definitely a great wise ruler in Chinese history. He created the Yongle prosperous era , but asking the three guards of Duoyan to move to Daning was definitely a big failure in Zhu Di's imperial career.

Why is it said that Zhu Di gave up the Daning Guard border army and re-hired the mercenary Duoyan three guards to station Daning? I have to first talk about the importance of the Daning Guard. Daning and Kaiping (now Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia) were two strategic fortress cities that Zhu Yuanzhang snatched from the defeated forces of the Yuan Dynasty. The main purpose of Zhu Yuanzhang's establishment of the Daning Village Station and the Kaiping Village Station was to resist the Mongol counterattack of the Central Plains through the formation of a horn in these two regions.

So Zhu Yuanzhang established the two Davids in Daning and Kaiping to defend against the Mongols, and who are the three guards in Duoyan? They were all Mongols and Mongolian mercenaries of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Di asked Mongolian mercenaries to defend the Mongols against the Central Plains. This practice was tantamount to losing its strategic significance to the Daningwei.

Of course, this is also a solution that Zhu Di had no choice. After the Daning army was in chaos, he had lost credibility in the minds of the Daning border army, and Zhu Quan's influence on Daning was far above him, which was something he could not accept and was worried about. In addition, he wanted to deeply win over the three guards of Duoyan for his own use, so he had to further expand the territory of Duoyan's three guards, and Daning became the only choice.

During this period, Zhu Di could be said to be good to the three guards of Duoyan. The three guards of Duoyan totaled less than 50,000 soldiers and civilians, and more than 3,000 people were appointed as commander, ,000 households, and 100 households. Zhu Di awarded the leaders of Duoyan's three guards in this way to sincerely win over them to work hard for him.

However, Zhu Di did not think that the three guards of the mercenary nature would not be loyal to the Ming Dynasty, and where they were beneficial. Therefore, over time, the three guards of Duoyan began to secretly collude with the Tatar tribe in eastern Mongolia with Zhu Di on their backs.In the early days of Zhu Di's succession, he did not want to continue to fight against the remnants of the Northern Yuan in Mongolia. He also wanted to rest and recuperate. After the Northern Yuan was stolen by Zhu Yuanzhang, it was completely divided. Eastern Mongolia was called Tatar by the Ming Dynasty and western China, and therefore, the two remnants of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, did not dare to easily invade the Ming Dynasty.

However, due to the secret collusion between the three guards of Duoyan and the Tatar tribe, they provided a lot of information about the Ming Dynasty, which rekindled the idea of ​​restoring the Yuan Dynasty. Yongle Seventh year (1409), the powerful minister of the Tatar tribe, Arutai, supported Benyashuli, the grandson of Ayushiri, of Yuan Zhaozong, to succeed to the throne. Arutai relied on his alliance with the three guards of Duoyan, and planned to invade the Ming Dynasty. Arutai killed the envoy sent by Zhu Di, which made Zhu Di furious. Zhu Di sent Duke Qi Qiufu Arutai to lead a large army to conquer Benyashuli.

As a result, Qiu Fu underestimated the enemy and led to the annihilation of the entire Ming army. Qiu Fu himself died in the battlefield, and four marquises were also killed in the battle. The Ming Dynasty suffered great losses in this battle. Not only was the entire army wiped out, but one Duke and four marquises also lost. So Zhu Di got angry. In the eighth year of Yongle (1410), Zhu Di personally led a large army to fight against the Tatars, and started the fifth Northern Expedition of Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Di's personal action was of course very powerful. The Tatar tribe was completely destroyed by the Ming army. Benya escaped to Oirat and was killed by his brother-in-law Mahamu . Arutai was beaten and surrendered directly. Zhu Di conferred Mahamu, the leader of the Mongolian Wala tribe, as King Shunning, and Alutai as King Hening, and asked the two to rule the Tatar tribe and the Wala tribe.

This time, the attack on the Tatar tribe made Zhu Di discover that among the prisoners were the noble leaders of the three guards of the Duoyan who were canonized by him. So Zhu Di understood that the reason why the Tatars dared to invade the Ming Dynasty was that they had colluded with the three guards of the Duoyan. Therefore, Zhu Di was still very angry, but he just issued an imperial edict to the three guards of the Duoyan to warn them: The number of the people of Wuliangha was plundered by the Tatars and could not be settled, so he led his support and sweared to guard the integrity of his ministers. Emperor Taizu Gao was proud of his poverty, and appointed Fuyu, Duoyan, and Taining, and gave you official positions. The rule was to lead their own people. After the ministers were long, they rebelled. When Lian ascended the throne, he sent envoys to the court again, Lian reviewed his mistakes and added his intentions to pacify and comfort him. Over the past few years, the court could be more generous to you. Bizhe was threatened by Benyashuli, and plundered the soldiers on our side, and sent Kulier to Yunma City to spy on his watch. If you are so cunning, how can you tolerate sin?

This means that the three guards of Duoyan had betrayed before during the reign of Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhu Di was magnanimous and rewarded them with such kindness that they actually colluded with the Tatars. It was really unforgivable.

Do Yan's leaders saw that the Tatars were defeated by the Ming Dynasty, so of course they had to surrender. They quickly wrote a letter to Zhu Di, saying that they were coerced by the Tatars and asked for forgiveness. So Zhu Di clicked until he hit the three guards of Duoyan, and stopped probing them to collude with Tatars.

However, later, Mahamu of the Ola tribe felt that he had the strength to challenge the Ming Dynasty again, which led to Zhu Di's second personal expedition to the north of the desert for the second time in the 12th year of Yongli (1414). Mahamu was soon defeated and surrendered by Zhu Di. After Mahamu was defeated by Zhu Di, Alutai raided the Ola tribe and attacked Mahamu, and thus the Tatar tribe's strength increased significantly.

After the strength of the Tatar tribe increased greatly, Alutai began to secretly win over the leaders of the three guards of Duoyan, so the three guards of Duoyan fell into Alutai's arms again. In the 20th year of Yongle (1422), Alutai provoked the Ming Dynasty again, and Zhu Di began the third battle to personally fight against Mobei.

This time, Alutai was very smart and did not dare to face the Ming Dynasty. He first sent someone to fight with Zhu Di. When he saw that he had never fought, he immediately led the remaining troops to escape. Zhu Di bit Alutai in the desert and chased after him for a long time but did not catch up, so he had to withdraw his troops.

But this time Zhu Di found the people of the Three Guards of Duoyan among the Tatar prisoners, so Zhu Di became angry and threw all the anger that he did not catch up with Alutai on Duoyan's three Guards. After all, this expedition to the north of the desert was exhausted and the people were in trouble. Zhu Di had to face great public pressure at home. If he didn't have some results, he would definitely be even more embarrassed.

So Zhu Di wanted to destroy Duoyan's three guards and regain his face. He could also give an explanation to the subjects of the world when he returned.Therefore, Zhu Di summoned the army and announced the conquest of the three guards of Doyan: so the winged Alutai was a rebel Urianha gang. Now Alutai flew away in a mess, and the Urianha gang is still there, so he should return the army to cut it off.

In this battle, Zhu Di sent elite cavalry to divide into five routes, and quickly surrounded the three guards of Duoyan with extremely fast lightning tactics, and finally wiped out most of the troops of Duoyan's three guards.

Zhu Di's extermination of the three guards of Duoyan was not thorough, and it also left behind future troubles for the Ming Dynasty

However, Zhu Di's extermination of the three guards of Duoyan was not thorough, especially brought future troubles to his descendants. After Zhu Di's death, both Ming Renzong and Zhu Gaochi and Ming Xuanzong and Zhu Zhanji paid more attention to developing national strength, and their strategy for Mongolia also changed from attack-oriented to defense-oriented during the period of Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Di.

Therefore, since Zhu Di's death, the Ming Dynasty has basically not launched a large-scale war against Mongolia, which also gives Tatars, Oirat and the three guards, including the Duoyan. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty, the three guards of Duoyan were resurrected in full blood. They often followed Daning to enter Hebei to plunder, which made the Ming Dynasty very troubled. Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty specially conquered the three guards of Duoyan for this, but it was obvious that he was not as good as his grandfather Zhu Di in war and did not achieve ideal results. After

, the three guards of Duoyan became the fragrant buns that made the Tatars and the Oirat compete to win over. It was also under the support of the Tatars and the Oirat that the three guards of Duoyan occupied the entire Daning area during the reign of Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty. The three guards of Duoyan also changed from the original Ming Dynasty mercenaries to the border trouble that caused the Ming Dynasty to a headache.

When Emperor Yingzong of Ming Dynasty Zhu Qizhen personally led the "Tumu Fort Incident" in the Oirat, the three guards of Doyan led the way for the Oirat, allowing the Oirat to successfully defeat the Ming army and capture Emperor Yingzong of Ming alive, which made Emperor Yingzong of Ming happy to be nicknamed "God of War in Ming". Later, the Oirat army was able to attack the suburbs of Beijing along the way, which was also due to the three guards of Duoyan.

When the Ming Yingzong was reset again, the three guards of Duoyan had occupied the vast area outside the Xilamulun River and the Liaohe , starting from Kaiyuan in the east and near the west of Xuanfu , and its strength was far beyond the Zhu Di period. After Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty, the military power of the Ming Dynasty further deteriorated. The Ming Dynasty could only protect itself against Mongolia and was unable to restrain the expansion of the various Mongolian divisions. Although the three guards of the Doyan tribes were later divided and annexed by the Tatar tribes and the Oirat tribes, the two major military fortresses of Daning and Kaiping fell into the hands of the Mongols. In addition, the military power of the Ming Dynasty deteriorated. After that, the Ming Dynasty completely fell into passive defense, and Mongolia was occasionally in trouble with the Central Plains by Daning and Kaiping from time to time.

The two Daweis of Daning and Kaiping were abandoned by the Ming Dynasty, which actually started with Zhu Di. He first used the three Duoyan guards to station Daning, which marked the abandonment of Daning. Later, the Ming Dynasty was forced to give up Kaiping and lost these two major military fortresses, which also brought endless troubles to the later Ming Dynasty.

When Zhu Di was in power, he was able to use attack instead of defense. Frequent conquests and suppress Mongolia could not reflect the strategic significance of losing Daning. However, after Zhu Di's Ming Dynasty's policy on Mongolia turned offensive to defense, the strategic flaws of losing Daning and Kaiping were revealed. In addition, the Ming Dynasty's military layoff and military strength deteriorated. Without the horn advantage of Daning and Kaiping, the Ming border army was very passive against Mongolia since then.

So these are the chain effects brought by Zhu Di's poor handling of the three guards of Duoyan. It can be said that Zhu Di left behind future troubles to the Ming Dynasty.

was written at the end

Therefore, Zhu Di wiped out the three guards of Duoyan to teach them a lesson in colluding with the Tatars, but Zhu Di handled the issue of the three guards of Duoyan very poorly, which also left troubles for the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, the issue about the three guards of Duoyan was a major failure in Zhu Di's rule in his life.