The above mentioned determines the "Panglong Agreement" that determines Myanmar's independence and political system .
This article continues to talk about the evolution of the political situation in Myanmar.
In January 1948, Myanmar broke away from British colonial rule, declared independence, and established the Federation of Myanmar.
Active supporter of the "Panglong Agreement", Shan ethnic group toast Surita (remember this person), was elected as the first president of the Myanmar Federation , but did not hold real power.
Myanmar Federation's first president, Shan chieftain Su Ruitai (picture from the Internet, delete if infringement)
After Myanmar's independence, the "Freedom Alliance" led by Wu Nu was in power and vigorously promoted "Big Burmese racism" .
The Wu Nu government strengthens centralization and reclaims local rights. takes measures such as restriction, weakening and reclaiming of the rights promised by the Binlong Agreement to all ethnic minority areas. At the same time, the shelving of the "right of independence between the two states" has caused dissatisfaction among Shan State and Keye State .
In January 1949, Kye tribe first publicly withdrew from the Federation of Myanmar and declared independence. Other ethnic minority areas emerged, setting off a wave of struggles to establish independent countries, establish national states, or seek greater autonomy, and armed conflicts are one after another.
In March 1962, General Naiwen launched a military coup , overthrowing the Wu Nu government, disbanding the democratic parliament, and abolishing the "Myanmar Federation Constitution" and becoming the origin of the " arms control " government .
Newen government announced that put aside the "free withdrawal of the rights of the Federation of Myanmar" , imprisoned many Shan and Kayah leaders and other upper-level leaders of ethnic minorities, and increased the intensity of military strikes on ethnic minorities.
At that time, the resigned Shan gentry Su Ruitai and his young son were arrested and imprisoned, and died in prison in November 1962. Su Ruitai's wife (Mahadevi) and son (Chao-Tzang) formed the Shan State Army on the grounds that the military government violated the Panglong Agreement and the Federal Constitution. At this point, the Shan people have also embarked on the path of "five-land martial arts".
Since then, the Myanmar military group has been controlling the government. Although has changed its name four times (called the Myanmar Revolutionary Committee from 1962 to 1974 to 1988 to Myanmar Socialist Programme Party , 1988 to 1994 to 1994 to the National Committee for the Restoration of Law and Order of the Federation of Myanmar, and began to be called the National Peace and Development Commission in 1997), is ultimately a military government that pursues "Great Burmese racism" and implements military dictatorship.
takes the perspective of the "Panglong Agreement" and stands from the standpoint of Shan State, Kachin State and Qin State, and looks at the Wu Nu government, Naiwen government, and later military government. It really responds to the old saying, is easy to get off the ship and it is difficult to get off the ship.
Before boarding the boat, you hit your fish and I will spread my net. After we got on board, we would send the captain back to the British Isles, and then we would get off the boat and separate them, stand on the docks, and live our lives freely. Unexpectedly, after really getting on the boat, the old captain was sent away and the first mate took over. The fishermen became crew members, and everything had to be followed by the captain's command and management.
By the end of the 1980s, there were 29 ethnic minority anti-government armed forces in Myanmar (including the Communist Party of Myanmar), mainly including Shan, Kachin, Kayah, Kron , Meng, Rakhine, Boo, Benglong, Lahu , Wa and other ethnic armed forces.
Myanmar's military distribution map (pictures come from the Internet, delete if infringement)
By the end of the 1990s, 17 armed forces signed peace agreements with the military government, and their controlled areas became the "special administrative region" in form. Although the armistice agreement and the SAR model have brought Myanmar 20 years of relative peace, it has formed a separatist situation of "there are countries in the country" and "one country has many armies".
In February 2021, Myanmar President Wen Min and State Counsel Aung San Suu Kyi were detained by the military, and the trial has not been completed until today. It is reported that Aung San Suu Kyi, 78, has been charged and prosecuted in 19 cases since the military coup, of which 14 have been sentenced to 26 years in prison. At present, the trial of related cases is still continuing.
Aung San Suu Kyi (Pictures are from the Internet, delete if infringement)
To sum up, it can be said that Myanmar chaos is a "hodgepodge" of issues such as the United Kingdom, ethnicity, and ambitious people, causing the headquarters of Myanmar to break up for a long time with the mountain ethnic minority areas.
Until today, the situation in Myanmar is still turbulent.
[Note: There are many contents of the original manuscript in this article that are too sensitive and have been deleted. Interested readers can search for more historical materials. The next article of finally talks about Shan State, involving Ruili , Qingshuihe, Nanshan, Menglian, Daluo and other border ports . Follow this headline account and continue. 】
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