Zhai family Sixth examination of figures in history : The Han prime minister Gaoling Hou Zhai Fangjin
Zhai Fangjin (53 BC-7 BC), whose courtesy name was Ziwei, Runan 【1】 Shangcai (now Shangcai County, Henan Province), a minister in the Western Han Dynasty, and the prime minister at the time of Emperor Cheng of Han . Gong Fang Jin was born in a poor family and was poor and studious. He lost his father in his early years and worked as a minor official in the prefect's mansion. Because he was not agile in his work, he was insulted by the government many times and resigned in anger. Later, he traveled to Chang'an and studied "Spring and Autumn" diligently. His stepmother pityed him for his young age and went to Chang'an with him to weave shoes for his study. After more than ten years of knowledge, he gained great progress. At the age of 23, he was promoted to the position of the Ming Dynasty and transferred to the position of the Minister. He served as the prefect of Shuofang, Prime Minister Sizhi, and Censor. In 15 BC, he was promoted to prime minister at the age of 38.
0 The Prime Minister of Han Gaoling Zhai Fangjin
00 The second year of Heping Emperor Cheng of Han (27 BC), Fang Jingong was promoted to doctoral degree. A few years later, he was appointed as the governor of Shuofang. He was cautious in his duties and praised him and was transferred to Prime Minister Sizhi. He dared to write a letter and impeach the court officials who were dereliction of duty, and was valued by Prime Minister Xue Xuan , saying that he had great talents and would definitely be the prime minister in the future. Soon, he was promoted to , Jingzhao Yin , cracking down on illegal tyrants and political voices.
In the second year of Yongshi (15 BC), Gong Fang Jin was promoted to the Censorate, and soon he succeeded Xue Xuan as prime minister and was granted the title of Marquis of Gaoling. Fang Jingong was prime minister, upright and upright, and adhered to principles, so he offended many people, and these people would wait for an opportunity to retaliate.
In the second year of Suihe (7 years ago), landslides, floods, solar eclipses and other celestial phenomena occurred one after another, and the government and the country were panicked because he had too many evil deeds. Some people took the opportunity to write a letter saying that the celestial phenomena were changing and the will of heaven was furious. They needed a minister's substitute to eliminate the disaster. They also blamed him for being the prime minister for nine years and could not follow the heavens and respond to people, resulting in the yin and yang imbalance. Emperor Cheng immediately summoned him into the palace, ordered him to commit suicide, and gave him cattle wine (a sign of death).
Zhai Fangjin
The following is the vernacular translation summary of "Han Shu·Biography of Zhai Fangjin" is as follows:
Zhai Fangjin's family inheritance and ancestral property was already declining when he reached his father. Zhai Fangjin's father was diligent and studious, and he served as a professor of literature in Runan County . When Fang Jin was twelve or thirteen years old, he lost his father and left school. He went to Chang'an with his stepmother to study. He worked as a minor official in the Dashou Mansion and was often insulted by the officials. Fang Jin felt sad and asked the prime minister Cai's father what profession he was suitable for. Cai's father was very surprised by his appearance and said to him: "If you have a title, you should be enterprising in the art of classics and techniques and study the knowledge of various scholars."
Fang Jin had originally hated being a minor official, and after hearing what Cai's father said, he was secretly happy and returned home with illness. He left his stepmother and wanted to go to Chang'an, the capital to learn the art of classics and techniques. The stepmother pityed her young age and went to Chang'an with him to study. Fang Jin studied "Spring and Autumn" as a doctor. After more than ten years, he studied the Confucianism very thoroughly. His disciples were numerous, and the scholars in the capital were highly praised. He is the son of the Shece Jia Department. At the age of 23, he was transferred to the position of the Minister of Justice.
Zhai Fangjin
At that time, there was a Qinghe old scholar Hu Chang who studied classics and techniques like Fang Jin. His official positions were higher than those of Fang Jin and his research on knowledge were too early, but his reputation was inferior to Fang Jin. Hu Chang was jealous of Fang Jin's talent, and he was disrespectful to discuss it. After Fang Jin found out, whenever Hu Chang gathered all the students to preach, he would send his disciples to Hu Chang's place to ask difficult questions and remember his theories for a long time. Later, Hu Chang learned that Fang Jin was doing this to respect and humble himself, and felt very ashamed. Later, Hu Chang often praised Fang Jin during his contacts with scholars and officials, and the two became close friends.
In the second year of Heping (27 BC), Fang Jin was transferred to serve as a doctor. After a few more years, he served as the governor of Shuofang. He is not afraid of cumbersome as an official, and his government affairs are implemented in accordance with regulations and are very famous. A few years later, he was promoted to Prime Minister Sizhi. At that time, a royal tomb was established in Changling. Many noble and close ministers and ministers were arbitrarily and profited from it. Fang Jin deployed a case to file a case for investigation, repeatedly checked and recovered tens of millions of stolen money. The emperor believed that his talent was worthy of being a minister and asked him to be the imperial court of Jingzhao. He attacked the powerful and powerful people in the capital were afraid of him.
After three years as Jingzhao Yin, in the second year of Yongshi (15 BC), Fang Jin served as the censor. A few months later, he was demoted to the position of Jinwu because he was a funeral while serving as Jingzhao Yin and harassing the people.More than 20 days later, Prime Minister Xue Xuan was dismissed from office and his prime minister was vacant. Most of the ministers elected Fang Jin as prime minister. Emperor Cheng of Han also valued his talents very much, so he promoted Zhai Fang Jin as prime minister.
Henan Shangcai location map
Fang Jingong is loyal to the country and filial to his family. He is a filial son. After he was in the prime minister, his stepmother was still there and he offered great support to his stepmother. The stepmother died of illness and 36 days after the stepmother was buried, she immediately took out mourning clothes and handled government affairs. Never entrust anyone to handle their own private affairs, strictly act in accordance with the law, do not favor personal feelings, and strictly require officials such as Mu, Shou, and Jiuqing. Crack down those who form cliques and engage in private affairs.
Fang Jingong is knowledgeable, knowledgeable, good at using people, and uses Confucianism to modify the law. He is more intelligent and known as "a clear-headed person". The emperor valued him very much. He is good at understanding the emperor's intentions, and everything he reports is in line with the emperor's wishes. At the beginning, Dingling Hou Chunyu Chang 【2】 Although he was a relative of the foreign country, he was ranked among the nine ministers with his talent and wisdom.
When he first took office, Fang Jin dated him and praised and recommended him many times. Later, Chunyu Chang was killed for being ruthless. Many people who had close ties with Chunyu Chang were removed from office. Fang Jin became prime minister and was always valued by the emperor, but he was not blamed. Fang Jin felt ashamed and apologized and asked to resign. The emperor replied: "Marquis Dingling has confessed his guilt and was sentenced. Although you have had dates with him, you have never heard of his evil deeds. You have made changes every day and are praised by gentlemen. What doubts do you have? You should concentrate and not slacken. Seek medical treatment and take medicine to protect your body."
Although Fang Jingong studied and taught "Guliang", he liked "Zuoshi" and astronomical astrology. His teacher in "Zuoshi" is the master of ancient classics Liu Xin [3] . Teacher Xingli was the Chang'an Lingtian Zhongshu. In the spring of the second year of Suihe (7 years BC), Mars met the heart star. People were superstitious and believed it was ominous, calling it "Yinghuo Returns to the Heart" and saying that the ministers should bear the responsibility.
Emperor Cheng of Han gave a book to scold Fang Jin: "As a prime minister for 10 years, disasters have arrived, and the people are hungry; there are many thieves, and officials and people are traitors; the people are ruthless, and the people are traitors; the government orders are changing impermanent." Emperor Cheng then forced Fang Jin to commit suicide, and Fang Jin committed suicide today. Emperor Cheng visited Zhai Mansion many times to pay his respects. His etiquette and the gifts were beyond the previous old rules of burying the prime minister, and he was posthumously named "Horse Gong".
Eastern Han historian Ban Gu selected the "Book of Han·Biography of Zhai Fangjin" in "Biography of Han·Biography of Zhai Fangjin" at the end of the article "Biography of Han·Biography of Zhai Fangjin" to praise Zhai Fangjin for "being a Confucian scholar, he became the prime minister and became prosperous." The most beautiful thing!
A comprehensive look at what Zhai Fangjin did throughout his life, he worked hard in his studies, was strict and capable in governing, served his mother very filial, and served the king very loyal. He was not only knowledgeable, but also able to govern the country and govern the country. He was able to be called a loyal minister and filial son.
Fang Jingong's unjust death is an inevitable tragedy under the autocracy of the imperial power. If the world is not well governed, the emperor should be responsible for the crime of his own crime, but Emperor Cheng of Han believed in the slander of the sorcerer and put all the blame on the prime minister. It is likely that Emperor Cheng of Han found out that he was very conscientious and that he had been there in person, and the gifts were different from his story. He was posthumously named Gonghou. The eldest son Xuan Sijue.
According to the "Preface to the Genealogy of Zhai Family Union of Guangdong and Jiangnan" copied by Mr. Zhai Xianchang's father, Siyu, Guiyang: "Hong 2 Fang Jingong married Tang and gave birth to a fourteenth son: the eldest son was Xuan; the second son was Yi, whose courtesy name was Wenzhong, and he was the prefect of Dongjun . Wang Mang usurped the treasure, and the righteous raised an army to fight against him; the third son was Guang; the fourth son was Fu; the fifth son was Qing; the sixth son was Zhai Yi; the seventh son was Hua; the nineth son was Pei; the tenth son was Sheng; the tenth son was Xu; the tenth son was Xu Qiu; the twelve son was Hua; the three were Ni; the fourteenth Pei Qiu... I cannot carry all of my grandsons."
Fang Jingong's eldest son Zhai Xuan , the second son Zhai Yi , etc., left a heroic mark in the tragic history of the ancients' loyalty and patriotism.
Fang Jingong is also the ancestor of the old Zhai family in Taohuatan . Check the genealogy of the old Zhai family in Taohuatan. See "Nanyang Zhai Family Genealogy Volume 2" Shizuokao" as follows:
"Zhu Fang Jin: his courtesy name is Ziwei, he was appointed as prime minister, and he was granted the title of Gaoling Hou"
"Zhu Yi: his courtesy name is Wenzhong, and he was appointed as the Tai of Dongjun. Keep it, and die with a recklessness”
This is a photocopy of the Nanyang Zhai family genealogy treasured by teacher Zhai Guangzhu of Wanxi (discovered in 2021)
This is a photocopy of the Nanyang Zhai Guangzhu of Wanxi (discovered in 2021)
Song Yuanyou 3rd year (1088) Fan Zhongyan second son Fan Chunchen wrote in the "Preface to the Genealogy of Zhai Family":
"I once said: "There is a family tree, just like the country has a history." The history of the country is to record the punishment and the government, to clarify good and evil, to show the origin, to support the principles of heaven, to plant the people's Yi, and to carry the great laws of the world. The family genealogy traces the origin and worships the origin, and the family is connected to the clan to be rich, respects the ancestors and calls them the order, and is a true record of the family. Although the calligraphy examples are different, they all support people's hearts and worldly ways, and their meaning is the same.
Those who recently wrote their clans often forget their true nature and follow the wrong and praise them, which may be even worse! The lady must take my surname as my name, but not my surname. I secretly saw the descendants of Huazhou, and the friends were mixed together; the son of Shengshu, who had only one wise man, turned into a prominent family. This is not valued by the surname, but by the person. If the branch tradition is far away and the beauty is more prosperous and the present is more prosperous, and the beauty is more prosperous and prosperous, how can it be regretted?
According to , the Zhai clan was the descendant of Huangdi, and lived in Zhai, and their descendants regarded the country as their clan. Later, Huang was the superior Wei Wenhou , Jing was the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the rank of the 3体 is the prefect of Dongjun; the most taboo 小时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时时It clearly explains the origin of the Zhai family in Taohuatan, Jing County, Anhui Province.
[Note]
[1] Runan: The name of 4 counties. In the second year of Emperor Gao of the Western Han Dynasty (205 BC), the county was established in Shangcai, and the county was under the jurisdiction of Pingyu , Yichun and Ancheng County. Shangcai: Today, the southeastern Henan Province Shangcai County , belonging to Zhumadian City . Shangcai County is the location of ancient Cai State , and is the hometown of Qin Prime Minister Li Si and Han Prime Minister Zhai Fangjin, and the Cai family at home and abroad The ancestral land is the birthplace of "Dongyang Culture". Ancient Cai Bajing has been listed as a national key protected scenic spots and historical sites
【2】Chunyu Chang : The courtesy name is Zihong, a native of Yuancheng, Wei County, Western Han Dynasty (now Daming of Hebei Province). Although his father's clan had no power, his mother's clan was very prominent: his aunt Wang Zhengjun , was the queen of Han Yuan Emperor 3 Liu Shi, and the empress dowager of Emperor Cheng Liu Yang; his uncle Wang Feng is the Grand Sima , the general; the second uncle Wang Tan , the third uncle Wang Shang, the fourth uncle Wang Li, the fifth uncle Wang Gen and the sixth uncle Wang Fengshi, On the same day, he was named Ping Ahou , Chengdu Hou, Hongyang Hou, Quyang Hou and Shangping Hou, and was famous as the "Five Housings". Based on this, he became the Huangmen Lang in his 20s, and could go in and out of the palace and travel between nobles. From then on, he did his best to flatter and approach and please Cheng Emperor in every way. He gradually gained the trust of Cheng Emperor, and was soon promoted to Weiwei , becoming one of the nine ministers.
【3】Liu Xin , Zijun, Gaozu of Han , and was The fourth brother of Liu Bang King of Chu Yuan Liu Jiazhi Later, the son of Liu Xiang . He was an important figure in the history of Chinese Confucianism. Later, he committed suicide because of his failure to kill Wang Mang. In the first year of Jianping (6 BC), he changed his name to Liu Xiu. He was a famous scholar in the late Western Han Dynasty and the true pioneer of ancient classics. He was not only very accomplished in Confucianism, but also known as a master in proofreading, astronomical calendar, history, poetry, etc. The "Three-Unit Calendar Prize" he compiled is considered to be the prototype of the world's earliest astronomical calendar. In addition, he also contributed to the calculation of pi . He was the first Chinese to not follow the "three-way diameter one", and set the important constant to be 3.15471, which was only slightly less than 0.0131.【4】The story of gifts different from his appearances :Yan Shigu quotes "The Prime Minister is sick, and the emperor personally came to ask about his illness, and entered from two doors. He died and moved to the middle school. He drove to the carriage and gave him a coffin, a coffin burial, and a money and a burial place. On the day of the burial, the ministers and ministers will be buried here.
【6】This article is based on the content of the humanistic biography of the "Zhai Family Genealogy" compiled by Zhai Xianchang and Zhai Peijiang, a clan of Zhai in Guizhou. I would like to thank you! I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Zhai Guangzhu of Wanjin School for providing his treasured genealogy materials!
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