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Introduction:
After the founding of New China, my country was still in the exploration stage in the field of diplomacy. At that time, Premier Zhou not only served as Premier of the State Council, but also served as Minister of Foreign Affairs.
In the years since he devoted himself to the diplomatic cause, Premier Zhou has received unanimous praise from political leaders from all countries and has made many indelible contributions to our country's diplomatic cause.
In diplomatic occasions, there will always be many emergencies. Although some are not malicious, if they cannot be dealt with in a timely manner, it will cause considerable trouble.
At a diplomatic meeting, a foreign guest suddenly shouted the slogan "Long live Zhou Enlai", which shocked the translators at that time.
However, just as the staff had not yet reacted, Premier Zhou had cleverly dealt with the "trouble".
So, what was the situation at that time?
Flexible response to changes and resolve diplomatic crises
In 1955, the Bandung Conference was officially held in Indonesia . This was the first meeting of Asian and African countries that did not participate in the colonial country after the end of World War II . The delegations of each country wanted to seek welfare for their own people.
A considerable number of small countries have only gained independence shortly after they have not had a high voice in the international community and have been oppressed and exploited by colonial countries and other Western powers. Therefore, they are very cautious when studying the content of each treaty at the meeting.
New China had just been established at that time. This meeting was also the first time that our country has conducted diplomatic activities with Asian and African countries.
At the same time, Western capitalist countries are encircling this new communist country in all kinds of ways, distorting and smearing the image of New China in the international community.
Due to the lack of understanding of the New China government and the influence of this negative propaganda, at the beginning of the meeting, many small Asian and African countries who were already very vigilant had considerable prejudice and hostility towards the Chinese delegation.
In the discussion on many issues, this suspicion has even seriously affected the negotiation process. If the issue cannot be properly resolved, my delegation may return in vain.
In order to break the deadlock, Premier Zhou immediately decided to give up his original speech during his public speech and temporarily draft it using the short rest time at noon.
is urgent, and even as soon as I finished writing a Chinese manuscript, I immediately gave it to the translator for translation. However, before the afternoon meeting began, the manuscript was successfully completed.
In his speech, Premier Zhou sincerely explained our country's position to representatives of various countries. He said:
China and Asian and African countries have very similar destinies and also have the same goals and demands.
Although many countries in Asia and Africa have different political systems and concepts, the purpose of China's participation in the meeting this time will not export political forms or concepts, and will respect the sovereignty of each country and will never interfere in the internal affairs of other countries. What the Chinese delegation hopes is to exist rather than innovation.
Premier Zhou sincerely called for the people of Asia and Africa to look forward to the success of this meeting, looking forward to peace, let us unite and find the foundation of peace and cooperation.
Hearing these sincere words, representatives from various countries were impressed by Premier Zhou's attitude, and the situation of the meeting immediately reversed. Not only did the progress of various negotiations progress smoothly, but many representatives also personally found Premier Zhou to apologize for their previous actions. After the meeting ended, with the unanimous consent of representatives of various countries, the " Asia-African Conference Final Communiqué " with the purpose of promoting world peace and cooperation as the purpose of promoting world peace and cooperation has been successfully passed. Since then, cooperation among Asian and African countries in various fields has been fully carried out.
This meeting not only deepened the mutual understanding between my country and Asia and Africa, but also established a good image for my country in the international community and is an important milestone in China's diplomatic history. After the Bandung meeting ended, Asian and African countries' impression of China has improved comprehensively, and diplomatic activities between the two sides have also increased frequently.
In the following days, Premier Zhou also visited Asian and African countries, setting off a diplomatic trend.
1956, in order to accelerate the development of my country's economic construction and ensure the smooth completion of the first five-year plan, the Party Central Committee held the National Advanced Producer Representative Conference in Beijing .
Because of the participants, there are not only advanced producers from our country and representatives of trade union , but also trade union delegations and accompanying reporters from all over the world.
Therefore, this conference has also become a display window for our country in the field of diplomacy.
The entire meeting was going very smoothly. After the meeting, delegations from various countries also participated in the closing ceremony with our leaders.
Among these foreign representatives, Bill Gardner, the representative of the Australian Coal Mine Union, has always admired Prime Minister Zhou very much.
During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Gardner accidentally saw a news and propaganda film against the Japanese invasion of China. In that propaganda film, it described Japan's ambitious militarist face and the inhumane crimes committed by many Japanese troops in China.
And what impressed Gardner the most in the whole film was the reporter's interview with a Chinese soldier at the end.
The soldier's eyes were firm and powerful, without overly excited words or behaviors, but it was more powerful than any roar and roar, making people feel deeply his deep hatred for the invaders and his determination to drive the Japanese out of China.
Since then, the image of this Chinese soldier has remained in Garner's heart.
was also influenced by this Chinese. Garner participated in a strike movement in Australia to oppose the sale of pig iron to Japan in order to express his support and support for China. The Chinese soldier back then was the current Premier Zhou.
In Garner's heart, Premier Zhou can be said to be the embodiment of Chinese soldiers and anti-Japanese spirit. When he heard that he could meet Premier Zhou who had admired for many years at this meeting, Gardner was always very happy.
Therefore, when the final session of the delegation shaking hands with the senior leaders of our country, Gardner was very excited to hold Premier Zhou's hand and shouted in English - "Long live Zhou Enlai".
You must know that long live has a different meaning in our culture. Hearing this sentence, the translator next to Premier Zhou was shocked, not knowing what to do next.
Premier Zhou immediately thought that perhaps it was just that people shouted "Long live Chairman Mao" when Chairman Mao came to the stage to speak, making the representative think that long live is a blessing to the Chinese. Although Gardner's original intention was good, this statement was inappropriate after all.
If representatives of other countries are misunderstood, they will say it on other important diplomatic occasions, or even make a fuss about it.
So, Premier Zhou immediately signaled to the translators around him not to translate this sentence to other countries, and directly avoid the possible diplomatic troubles in the future.
Just like that, this small storm was quickly calmed down in silence and did not attract the attention of delegations from other countries.
Then, the closing ceremony ended successfully, bringing the diplomatic activity to a successful end.
Make good use of flexibility and strive for Western countries
1963, former French Prime Minister Edgar Fur as the special envoy of President Charles de Gaulle . Although France was inevitably constrained by the United States, it was moving towards complete independence step by step.
Before Fur came to China, Charles de Gaulle told Fur that he hoped to obtain unconditional recognition from China. If this goal cannot be achieved, then he would strive for conditional or short-term recognition.
On October 23, Premier Zhou formally met with Fur, beginning the first meeting between China and France after the founding of New China.
Due to US surveillance, the meeting can only be held in the form of such a secret informal private visit. For this reason, Fuer expressed his apology for not being able to come directly, and submitted President Charles de Gaulle's handwritten letter to Premier Zhou.
Premier Zhou first expressed his understanding of the French side's difficulties and carefully browsed the letter.
In the letter, Charles de Gaulle expressed his sincere desire to enhance relations between China and France. Premier Zhou also responded positively to this. During this meeting, China and France reached a preliminary consensus.
Two days later, Premier Zhou held a second meeting with Ful. During this talk, Ful went straight to the point and directly expressed the three ideas of Charles de Gaulle.
Premier Zhou knew that the international foundation of the new China was not deep enough at that time, and Western powers such as the United States not only suppressed countries in the communist camp in every possible way, but also publicly expressed support for the Kuomintang regime entrenched in Taiwan, believing that the Kuomintang is the legal representative of China.
Under this environmental pressure, France also has diplomatic relations with the Kuomintang government.
At this time, France has not been able to completely get rid of the control of the United States. If its position on the Taiwan issue becomes too rapid and clear, it may arouse US vigilance and retaliation.
However, as we all know, adhering to the Government of the People's Republic of China as China's only legal government is the bottom line that our country must never waver in diplomacy.
In this regard, Premier Zhou first made it clear that China-France cooperation must be based on mutual benefit and win-win and mutual respect.
At the same time, it expresses that China has a very good understanding of the difficulties of the French side at this stage, and has made certain changes in the proposal, changing from the policy of breaking first and then establishing first and then breaking.
means that the French government first establishes diplomatic relations with the government of the People's Republic of China, and then breaks diplomatic relations with the "Republic of China" of Chiang Kai-shek , and the timing of the diplomatic relations is also left to the French side to grasp.
This not only maintained China's bottom line in diplomacy, but also gave the French government time to turn around and buffer all parties, fully demonstrating China's sincerity.
After hearing Premier Zhou's adaptable plan, Fuer naturally agreed very much. He said:
According to international law , a country's sovereignty is inseparable. If diplomatic relations are established with the government of the People's Republic of China, it will naturally recognize the one-China principle.
Hearing this, Premier Zhou knew that the purpose of this diplomacy was successfully achieved, and Chiang Kai-shek would lose France's support from then on, and this would also be China's first step to breaking the Western diplomatic blockade.
On January 27, 1964, China and France issued the Joint Communiqué , which symbolized the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between the two sides. Since then, the pattern of Cold War has begun to change, and world history is about to move towards a new chapter.
In July 1971, Kissinger, who was originally visiting Pakistani , disappeared from the public eye on the excuse of physical discomfort and secretly went to Beijing for a state visit.
At that time, the relations between China and the Soviet Union deteriorated, and not only were various aid withdrawn, but it also began to be suppressed by the Soviet Union in many aspects.
The United States has also begun to gradually fall into a disadvantage in the battle for hegemony with the Soviet Union. For both China and the United States, it is imperative to let go of prejudice and eliminate hostility.
However, due to the differences in ideology and other aspects between China and the United States, and the international situation and international situation during the Cold War were quite serious, this meeting between the two sides could only be held secretly in this way.
During the conversation, Premier Zhou was neither humble nor arrogant, and he reflected respect for guests in details, leaving a very good impression on Kissinger, which also laid a good foundation for the later normalization of Sino-US relations.
In October of the same year, Kissinger came to Beijing for a state visit for the second time. Although this time it was still a private visit in name, it was no longer a low-key. He flew directly from Washington to Beijing by a special plane.
For China, this can be regarded as a good signal for further easing of Sino-US relations.
When negotiating with Kissinger, Premier Zhou directly brought up the issues that were not completed in the last meeting again, giving people the feeling that the meeting had never been interrupted.
Kissinger once commented that this negotiation method was very clever and could catch the dull-headed opponent off guard. After the meeting, the arrangements for US President Nixon 's visit to China were officially put on the agenda.
On February 21, 1972, Nixon arrived in Beijing with the welcome of Premier Zhou and other Chinese leaders. Since then, Sino-US relations have officially broken the ice.
2-28 , the two sides also jointly drafted a joint communiqué in Shanghai. At the beginning, the first draft submitted by the US was very traditional, which not only blurred the consensus reached by both sides, but also covered up the differences with diplomatic rhetoric.
Premier Zhou smiled and shook his head after seeing it, saying: The surface peace disguised as
is meaningless. Only by putting the problem out can we solve the problem next.
Subsequently, Premier Zhou suggested that the differences between the two sides be clearly listed in the communiqué, and then the consensus reached was written, which not only was it more sincere, but also made the consensus reached appear more weighty.
Finally, the US side adopted Premier Zhou’s proposal. In response, Kissinger sighed: The flexible writing method of
has never appeared in previous diplomatic history. After the announcement of
was published in Shanghai, it did achieve very good results. Since then, it has ended the long-term isolation between China and the United States.
On January 1, 1979, the diplomatic relations between China and the United States were officially established, and since then, China's international relations have entered a new stage.
Summary:
In recent years, our country has gone from being isolated internationally to establishing diplomatic relations with Western countries, from being hostile to being sent to the United Nations by African brothers.
To this day, my country has become the second largest economy in the world and one of the Five Constables of the United Nations. Its international status has become increasingly difficult to ignore. And the important nodes in the history of New China's diplomacy all contain Premier Zhou's efforts and efforts.
Today's China has never let down Premier Zhou's efforts. Generations of Chinese people will always remember Premier Zhou's efforts and dedication and build the motherland more prosperous.
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