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In mid-January, 1935, in the street-facing archway of the commander of the 25th Division of the 25th Army of the Qian Army in Zunyi, a serious military town in northern Guizhou, the discussion on the wrong routes of Bogu , Li De and others was very fierce.
This is exactly one of the important turning points of the Red Army , and in this meeting, the central government made a solemn criticism of the wrong idea of "left-leaning"ism, but there is no shortage of people who still support this wrong idea to refute it.
In order to continue to support Bo Gu's wrong route, there were even people who sarcastically criticized Chairman Mao, who reversed the defeat of the Red Army, who would not fight: your military strategy was learned from " Sun Tzu's Art of War ", and it is no longer useful now!
However, this statement seemed pale and powerless in the face of facts. Chairman Mao also refuted this very calmly. Instead, the person who attacked the attack was asked by Chairman Mao's rebuttal, which also left a deep impression on the central leaders who attended the meeting at that time.
The person who spoke mocked Chairman Mao at the Zunyi meeting was Kaifeng (formerly known as He Kequan).
Kaifeng
A fiercely debated conference site
On January 15, 1935, as the Red Army entered Zunyi, Guizhou, this meeting that changed the fate of the Red Army was also held. Although the situation of the Red Army eased at that time, the pursuit of the Kuomintang reactionaries was still very fierce, and there was no chance to breathe.
Therefore, the convening of the Zunyi meeting was also very urgent, but what is more urgent is to promptly correct the wrong lines within the party.
For this reason, Chairman Mao could not sleep for several days and nights at that time, and exchanged and summarized wrong experiences and lessons with leaders such as Chen Yun and Nie Rongzhen who were also aware of the wrong route. After the meeting began, Mao Zedong, as the initiator of this meeting, became the target of many people. These people are naturally those who insist on supporting Bo Gu and Li De, who oppose depriving Bo Gu and Li De of military command and leadership.
Bo Gu also tried his best to punish himself during the meeting, hoping to push all the ideological mistakes he made with Li De and the difficulties the Red Army encountered because of them to objective reasons. He always emphasized that the Red Army encountered such dangers because the reactionary enemy was too strong.
Bogu attempted to use such reasons and excuses to completely shirk all the mistakes he and Li De made in command, but Chairman Mao had already summarized all the mistakes they made.
Chairman Mao listed the mistakes made by Bo Gu, Li De and others and the consequences one by one. The most representative of them is the short-term assault tactic that Li De has always emphasized in the fifth "anti-encirclement and suppression operation".
can implement this tactic and need to form an advantage in the number of personnel and firepower to play a role. At that time, the number and firepower of the Red Army could not meet such conditions at all. Therefore, in the fifth "anti-encirclement and suppression operation", the Red Army suffered huge losses.
However, Bo Gu and Li De blamed the front-line commanders all for the failure, and even punished many front-line commanders for this, which also reflects the arbitrary wrong behavior and wrong ideas of Bo Gu Li De and others.
Faced with such an ironic fact, Bogu was completely speechless. At this time, he could only hope for those who still supported him, but those who supported Bogu at this time also understood that they could not fully support Bogu in this matter.
Bogu
At this moment, Kaifeng, the Central Committee of the Red Ninth Army, who had been paying close attention to the situation at the meeting, stood up and supported Bogu:
"Your military strategy is just learned from "The Art of War" and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", and it is not available at all!"
Kaifeng was also a staunch supporter of Bogu at the time. Before the meeting, he also "advised" Nie Rongzhen to continue to support Bogu under Bogu's instruction. However, Nie Rongzhen, who clearly realized Bogu's mistakes, was unmoved at all, and was therefore called a "stubborn person" by Kaifeng.
At this time, Kaifeng did not realize that he was the "stubborn person". He continued to support Kaifeng on the wrong route and even made a sarcastic statement to Chairman Mao. This scene also left a deep impression on Chairman Mao and other comrades attending the meeting.
At that time, many people attributed Chairman Mao’s military and strategic thoughts to the famous "The Art of War" and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" in history because of their prejudice against Chairman Mao, based on Chairman Mao’s hobby of reading books. This was tantamount to a denial of Chairman Mao’s contribution.
, and this is one of the few places that can make Chairman Mao feel sad, but Chairman Mao's emotions did not fluctuate too much. Instead, he asked Kaifeng very calmly:
"Have you read "The Art of War"? Do you know how many chapters of "The Art of War" are there? What is the first sentence?"
Chairman Mao's calm question made the aggressive Kaifeng speechless. Kaifeng's toughness cannot change the result of the Zunyi meeting.
In the end, Bo Gu and Li De's military sovereignty was deprived, and Zhang Wentian, then chairman of the People's Committee of the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Union, temporarily took over Bo Gu's position. At the same time, the Red Army also established an important decision with Chairman Mao as the core.
Kaifeng's wrong position is closely related to his earlier study in the Soviet Union.
Kaifeng This person is
Kaifeng was born in Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province in 1906. After being exposed to revolutionary ideas in middle school, the belief in revolution has already taken deep roots in his heart. After being admitted to , Wuchang Sun Yat-sen University, he also came into contact with many revolutionary newspapers, which allowed him to embark on the road of revolution.
He really devoted himself to the revolution in 1926. Kaifeng, who returned to his hometown during the summer vacation, devoted himself to the construction of the local farmers' association under the influence of the Communists in the Revolutionary Army, and became an outstanding propaganda officer of the farmers' association and began to gradually come into contact with Marxism-Leninism .
After returning to school, Kaifeng was soon developed by the superior party organization and officially joined the Chinese Communist Youth League . Later, he received the attention of his superiors for his outstanding performance and was appointed as the party branch secretary of Sun Yat-sen University in Wuchang.
During this period, Kaifeng showed excellent theoretical publicity skills. During , Sun Yat-sen University, he developed many passionate young people through publicity, and therefore received more attention from his superiors and began to undertake more important revolutionary work.
On April 12, 1927, the reactionaries led by Cheng Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup, and many Communists fell under the reactionary knife.
At this moment, Kaifeng suddenly received an order from his superior to go to Shanghai. Kaifeng was still a little confused about his superior's decision.
Isn’t Shanghai the white terror center of the enemy? Is it a very difficult task to go to Shanghai at this time?
It was not until after arriving in Shanghai under the arrangement of the organization that Kaifeng learned that the party organization decided to send many outstanding comrades from our party, including him, to the Soviet Union for study, which also laid the groundwork for Kaifeng's mistakes in his later position.
When Kaifeng arrived in the Soviet Union, he had already studied at Sunshan University in Moscow in 1926. As a representative, Kaifeng and others who had arrived in the Soviet Union had just welcomed Kaifeng and others. It was at this time that the two established a deep revolutionary relationship.
When Kaifeng and others returned to China, they had been working under Bogu's leadership. Therefore, Kaifeng trusted Bogu very much. Because of his experience in staying in the Soviet Union, Bogu trusted more comrades in the party who had lived in the Soviet Union.
However, during his study in the Soviet Union, Bo Gu did not know much about the situation in the country, which also led to a wrong judgment on the situation of the enemy and us in the country after he returned to China. Moreover, because of his experience in staying in the Soviet Union, he did not care much about other comrades.
This has also led to many people who support Bo Gu being affected by this, including Kaifeng.
After the Zunyi meeting, Kaifeng fell into a very embarrassing situation. On the one hand, Chairman Mao proved his shallowness with practical actions, and every resurrection of the Red Army made him feel ashamed of being. On the other hand, he expressed his regret at this time, and felt it was a bit too late.
In fact, after the Zunyi meeting, our party did not give up on comrades such as Bo Gu, but instead patiently helped these comrades recognize their mistakes and correct their thoughts. This is also the consistent principle of our party, and we must be patient with comrades.
Two months later, Kaifeng realized his mistakes and Bo Gu and others through the help of the party organization and his own personal feelings.
He takes the facts of his mistakes very seriously and tries his best to make up for the mistakes he has made.
After the Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi, he also actively participated in the Zhiluo Town Battle and the Eastern Expedition Battle.
Especially when Zhang Guotao intends to split, Kaifeng even stood up and expressed his objection, and also conducted a special investigation to write an article criticizing Zhang Guotao, which is also the first article publicly criticizing Zhang Guotao.
Our party is naturally very tolerant of a comrade who is open and honest, knows his mistakes and is very capable, and attaches great importance to Kaifeng in both work and life, and Kaifeng is still fighting on the propaganda position he is familiar with.
Return to the right path
Kaifeng attended the meeting under the order of his superiors and also put forward very constructive suggestions.
In November 1937, the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, adapted from the Red Army University, started its work in full swing on the land of northern Shaanxi. Many passionate young people and patriots at home and abroad joined the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University.
Among the students, there are many Red Army generals like Xu Shiyou and Chen Geng, as well as Northeast Army Young Marshal Zhang Xueliang younger brother Zhang Xuesi , and college students who came from Peiping and all over the country. In this way, the original school song is no longer applicable.
Chairman Mao also considered this issue and proposed to rewrite a school song for the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, and remembered Kaifeng, who had been fighting on the propaganda position, and handed over this task of Xiang Guangrong and significant to Kaifeng.
Kaifeng was very excited after receiving this task, but at the same time he realized that this task is of great significance. The new school song must conform to the spirit of the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, and at the same time it must be memorable and easy to sing, which is still difficult.
For this reason, Kaifeng chose to look for inspiration in the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University. When he saw the active and hard-working students' enthusiasm for anti-Japanese war, he suddenly felt excited. He quickly wrote the first draft of the lyrics and handed it over to the Lu Ji , responsible for composing.
After Kaifeng completed the task successfully, Chairman Mao was not even stingy with his praise, but Kaifeng was still very guilty of his mistakes and sarcastic remarks at the Zunyi meeting at that time.
In his later publicity work, Kaifeng often made mistakes he had made. While alerting himself, he could also help other comrades conduct self-inspection and correct mistakes.
In December 1937, in order to welcome the "Seventh National Congress", the Political Bureau of the Central Committee established the "Seventh National Congress" Preparatory Committee. Kaifeng, who had made significant contributions to the party's theoretical propaganda front, was also appointed as a member of the Preparatory Committee, which also made him feel more of a heavy responsibility.
Soon as the full-scale war of resistance against Japan gradually became more and more intense and some Kuomintang diehards had ulterior motives for our party, our party decided to establish the Yangtze River Bureau of the CPC Central Committee based on the Wuhan Eighth Route Army Office, and all of them were handed over to Zhou Enlai, who was the director.
This work is actually dangerous, because Chiang Kai-shek has been hostile to our party since the establishment of the Anti-Japanese National United Front, and has vigorously pushed and blocked the work of our party, and even sent spies to brutally kill members of our party.
However, even in this case, Kaifeng still did the publicity work in full swing. Before Wuhan fell, Kaifeng followed the organization to work at the Chongqing Eighth Route Army Office, which had a more severe struggle environment.
The contributions made by Kaifeng in the propaganda position were also seen by the organization. In November 1941, Kaifeng, then the Standing Committee Member and Minister of Propaganda of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, was transferred back to Yan'an, the revolutionary holy land, to serve as the Minister of the Central Propaganda Department.
After he returned to Yan'an this time, his contact with Chairman Mao gradually became more frequent and he realized the correctness of Chairman Mao.
Kaifeng once said in an exchange with Chairman Mao:
"At that time, I didn't know enough about the mistakes made by the Central Soviet Area, but I insisted on standing on the wrong side at the Zunyi Conference. It is also very ridiculous to think about it now. It is also under the criticism of the central government that I can recognize my mistakes in a very short time."
5Although Chairman Mao was impressed by this, he admired Kaifeng's attitude very much. He also wrote in a letter to Kaifeng:
"An unpleasant thing will be fine in a while."
After the founding of New China, Kaifeng served as Secretary of the Shenyang Municipal Party Committee.
During his tenure, Shenyang City became my country's first industrial city, and there are also many efforts and contributions made by Kaifeng.
Even after the outbreak of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, Kaifeng organized a successful support for the frontline.
953, Kaifeng was again appointed as the Minister of the Central Propaganda Department, but shortly after taking office, he was diagnosed with advanced liver cancer and could no longer continue his high-intensity work.
Kaifeng
Even though the superiors gave Kaifeng the best treatment conditions at that time, facing the incurable liver cancer , Kaifeng's physical condition is still gradually deteriorating.
On March 23, 1955, Kaifeng died in Beijing at the age of 49.
Kaifeng's life has made contributions to the Party and the country, both during the Agrarian Revolution and in the early days of the founding of New China. After he made a mistake, what he most grateful for was Chairman Mao who he criticized at the time.
He had mistakenly gone astray, but Chairman Mao and his party comrades pulled him back, allowing him to finally see the victory of the revolution. He has long admitted that Chairman Mao is not what he once thought, whether it is strategic thinking or character.
Heroes should not be asked about the source.
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