Text/ Chen Hanchu
August 1st Nanchang Uprising is a military operation independently led by the Communist Party of China. Its leadership core is the Communist Party of China Front Committee with Zhou Enlai as secretary. The right-wing Kuomintang represented by Chiang Kai-shek betrayed the revolution on April 12, 1927. In order to save the revolution, the Communist Party of China decided to raise the flag of uprising and organize its own army. Therefore, the Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee, with the Communist Party and the left sect as the main body, was established in Nanchang , and used this as the banner to lead the armed uprising held on August 1. After the uprising was successful, the front committee of the Communist Party of China decided to voluntarily give up Nanchang City. Subsequently, under the leadership of Zhou Enlai and other communists, the uprising troops braved the scorching heat and went through a lot of hardships to march south. Their destination was the harbor city on the coast of the motherland's South China Sea, and they were preparing to do a big battle there and finally seize Guangzhou.
1927 On September 23, 2027, in addition to the troops left behind in Sanheba, more than 3,000 rebels quickly occupied Chao'an County - Chaozhou . On the 24th, the rebels successfully advanced to Shantou and reorganized and improved the organization of the Communist Party of China and the League of China in Shantou. On the 25th, the Shantou Municipal Revolutionary Committee was announced, with members including: Lai Xiansheng, Pan Nongshen, Chen Yaochao, Zheng Chenghe, Wu Huanzhu, Ma Qingchuan, Gu Mengzhen, Song Feixiong, Zhang Shangong, Bingying, Chen Zhentao, and Yang Shihun. The Municipal Political Committee Chairman was a Communist Party member, Lai Xiansheng, thus completing the establishment of the government. (Shi La Zonghui New News, October 20, 1927, page 2) Shantou Municipal Revolutionary Committee became the earliest red regime established in the history of the Communist Party of China. On the same day, Shantou City organized more than 10,000 workers and peasants to hold a rally to welcome the uprising troops into Shantou and cheer for the establishment of the red regime of . More than 400 propaganda teams in the city went to various streets to promote the city. The streets and alleys were covered with revolutionary slogans, and the revolutionary atmosphere was very lively. After the establishment of the Shantou Municipal Revolutionary Committee, it took over the Shantou Municipal Public Security Bureau and appointed Li Lisan as the director of the Public Security Bureau (Xu Guangying) to start suppressing the counter-revolutionary; take over the hospital and treat the wounded and sick; issue the "Declaration and Platform of the Revolutionary Committee" to clarify the causes and purpose of this 8-eight-level , namely "the land revolution is necessary for achieving the necessary conditions for people's livelihood"; put forward political programs such as "confiscation of more than 50 acres of landlords, capture the local tyrants", "dividing land and land", and "implementing the land revolution". (Penang New Newspaper, October 19, 1927, page 8) These greatly inspired the revolutionary fighting spirit of the poor people, and the revolutionary struggle in Shantou was vigorous.
Shantou was a famous port on the coast of the South China Sea of the motherland at that time. The United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, France, the United States, Norway and other countries all have consulates in Shantou. After the rebel army entered Shantou, ten warships from Britain, Japan, the United States, France and other countries, together with more than ten warships from the Kuomintang, entered Shantou port one after another. On the morning of the 27th, the "Flying Eagle Ship" approached the stone fortress and blew the charge whistle. The "Huayang", "People's Livelihood", and "Dayou" and other warships cruised on the sea surface of the Shishi Sea, the bay in the city, and demonstrated to the uprising troops. On the 28th, under the cover of " Flying Eagle ", "the destroyer of the 14th team stationed in Shantou immediately sent more than 6,200 Marine Corps to log in." (Chen Hanchu "Zhou Enlai in Chaoshan", Central Documents Publishing House , first edition in July 2004, page 736)
The Kuomintang sent Yao Yuping to lead military police 80 people to rush to Renhe, Zhenbang, Yongping, Shengping, Fuping and other streets. Japanese institutions in Shantou, Japanese enterprises and foreign consulates in Shantou were full of Japanese Marines, and were in a tense situation.
The Communist Party of China's Front Committee with Zhou Enlai as secretary was clearly aware that in order to concentrate all efforts to deal with the Kuomintang reactionaries, foreign relations have become a very important task before the new red regime. Therefore, the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang appointed Communist Party member Guo Moruo as "Chao Customs Supervision" and "Shantou Negotiator". His letter of appointment is no longer visible. However, the Guangdong Provincial Archives contains a letter sent by Guo Moruo to the Shantou Bu Taxation Department using the "Chao Customs Supervision Bureau".The original letter said:
who opened it directly is now issued under the No. 145 appointment letter of
Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang, appointing Guo Moruo as the supervisor of Chao Customs; and placing him on the No. 146 appointment letter of
, appointing Guo Moruo and a Shantou negotiator. In view of this, this supervisor and negotiator will be in office on the 25th of this month. In addition to reporting and separate letters to consult and order verification, the corresponding letter will be issued to
. Shunhou
Days Essay
Chao Customs Supervision Administration (original document is stored in Guangdong Archives)
Guo Moruo then became the first diplomatic official of the red regime led by the Communist Party in Chinese history.
At that time, Guo Moruo also held an important position in the Nanchang Uprising army - Director of the General Political Department of the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang. On September 26, the "Revolution Daily" sponsored by the Propaganda Department of the General Political Department of the Revolutionary Committee was founded. The newspaper was hosted by Yun Daiying, the head of the Propaganda Department of the General Political Department, and written by Guo Moruo. 's first issue number is all red, and there is a "Notice of the General Political Department of the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang" written by Guo Moruo inscribed with a brush. According to Xu Meixun (Xu E), the streets and alleys in Shantou were covered with the first issue of "Revolution Daily". He also clearly remembered several sentences in the announcement of the General Political Department: "Cheng Yizhong rebelled before and Wang Yizhaoming rebelled after and the great mountains were broken. ... This association uprising Nanchang and inherited the orthodox revolution. ..." This announcement solemnly condemned the crimes of Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei's group's rebellion and revolution, and stated that the Nanchang Uprising troops were a revolutionary and a righteous army, and played a certain role in appeaseing the expatriates and stabilizing social order.
◆Chao Customs Supervision Letter to the Shantou Taxation Department Guo Moruo take up his new position.
After Guo Moruo took office as the supervisor of Chao Customs, he established the "Chao Customs Supervision Office" in Shantou and took over the former negotiation office of Shantou, and issued a notice saying "Please ask the original staff of the negotiation office to work as usual." Guo Moruo is responsible for supervising customs and diplomatic negotiations, and is responsible for supervising Chao Customs occupied by imperialist countries. In the name of negotiators, he carried out domestic and foreign public relations activities such as notifying foreign envoys to Shantou and appeaseing domestic and foreign merchants and expatriates in Shantou.
htmlOn the 527th, Guo Moruo convened a meeting of the Shantou General Chamber of Commerce to listen to the opinions of the merchants. The merchants of the Shantou General Chamber of Commerce asked "Do not use central banknotes in Guizhou, Hunan and Hubei, and Guo Moruo agreed to check." In the "Notice" issued by the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang (signed by Guo Moruo, Deng Yanda, Soong Ching Ling , Tan Pingshan , He Long, Yun Daiying), it clearly declared: "The issuance of National Bank banknotes is prohibited from exporting existing silver. If central paper is used, it is a crime of conspiracy." Guo Moruo also negotiated with merchants on fundraising matters of the rebel army. In the end, the Chamber of Commerce agreed to raise 100,000 yuan and pay 50,000 yuan a day to support the uprising troops. (Shi La Zonghui New News, October 20, 1927, page 2)
On September 28, Guo Moruo personally wrote a letter from a customs office to negotiate a secondment of an English translator. His letter said:
was launched directly. At 1:00 p.m. today, Superintendent Guo of this office visited the local tax department and the consuls of various countries in Shantou respectively. He urgently needed an English translator to accompany him.
Your department’s translator can second a member to our department, which is what we hope.
Sincerely
Chao Customs
Chao Customs Supervision Office (the original is stored in Guangdong Provincial Archives)
28 at 1:00 p.m. on the afternoon of the 28th, Guo Moruo, accompanied by Chao Customs English translation, borrowed a small ship from the Shantou Taxation Department and shuttled through the Wushi Mountain in Shantou City and across the sea. He visited the Chao Customs Taxation Department and consulates in various countries in Shantou to publicize to them the purpose of the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and to publicize the foreign policies of the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang and the Revolutionary Committee of the Shantou Municipality, so that foreign personnel stationed in Shantou fully understand the external propositions of the August 1st Nanchang Uprising Army. After Guo Moruo's full mediation, the Japanese troops with live ammunition withdrew, and foreign warships such as British, Japanese, American, and French entering Hong Kong also headed to the outside ocean.
◆Guo Moruo handwritten letter to Chaochao Customs seconded the English translator.
In the article "The Complete Record of the Nanchang Riot", Liu Bocheng also recorded the diplomatic activities of Guo Moruo to appease foreign institutions and personnel in Shantou one by one after taking office as a negotiator. He said that after the eight rebels entered Shantou, the imperialist warships were held in Shantou ports and landed in the name of protecting the expatriates. The uprising troops were surrounded by the reactionary Kuomintang army and the military situation was urgent, so they treated them with a gentle attitude. After negotiations between the two parties, imperialism forced to withdraw its troops from the city of Shantou, thwarting their attempt to kill the new regime.
Just as the revolutionary struggle in Shantou was in full swing, the enemy had surrounded Shantou, Chaozhou and other places, and the uprising troops immediately adjusted their deployment. On the afternoon of the 27th, He Long led 2,000 troops and a total of about 4,000 people, along with the Agricultural and Industrial Army, and took 7 electric ships and 4 sailboats to transport troops from the water toward Jieyang , and joined forces to the Chaozhou troops stationed in Jieyang. The total force reached 6,500 people, and fought a decisive battle with more than 15,000 enemies in the Fenshui River in Jieyang. Later, because the enemy was strong and we were weak, we fought for two days and two nights, and finally lost on the 30th. After learning about the military situation on the front line, the rebel army stationed in Shantou had to withdraw from Shantou in advance. After meeting with leaders such as He and Ye, Guo Moruo attended the "Fresh Sand Meeting" chaired by Zhou Enlai. According to the arrangement of the meeting, Guo Moruo arrived safely at Shenquan Port, Huilai County with the help of Fang Jiawu and Chen Kaiyi, a cadre of the district farmers' association. Later, under the cover of Chen Shaoguang, the owner of Shenquan Pottery Store, he arrived in Hong Kong safely. ("Party History of the Communist Party of China Puning County", Central Party History Press, first edition in October 1994, page 68)
The revolutionary red regime established by the Nanchang Uprising Army in Shantou, the Shantou Municipal Revolutionary Committee, was strangled by the Kuomintang reactionaries after only seven days. However, the revolutionary influence of the Nanchang Uprising Army going south to Chaoshan was huge. The revolutionary fire they sowed was burning, and they transported armed backbones for the future Guangzhou Uprising and the establishment of the Hailufeng Revolutionary Base and the Dananshan Revolutionary Base. The Chaoshan people affectionately called the short seven days of the Nanchang Uprising Army going south to Chaoshan as "Chaoshan Seven Days Red". (Information of Nanchang Uprising, People's Publishing House , first edition in July 1979, page 339) Guo Moruo was also famous in history for being the diplomat of the first red regime in the history of the Communist Party of China.
The revolutionary activities of the Nanchang Uprising Army in Chaoshan left unforgettable memories in Guo Moruo's mind. In his documentary literary work "Haitao Collection", he gave a detailed description of his experience after evacuating Shantou. ("The 27th Classic Works of Guo Moruo·Haitao Collection", China Overseas Chinese Publishing House , first edition in 1997, pages 204-230) On March 24, 1956, Guo Moruo also wrote a letter to Chen Kaiyi, a farmer who helped him escape from the tiger's mouth more than 20 years ago, and called him affectionately "Big Brother". He also recalled: "Twenty years ago, you helped several of our comrades escape from the tiger's mouth, and I often left it in my memory." He also specifically asked "the young friend who led us to your house" and "the owner of the pottery shop in Shenquan".
1965, the talented Guo Moruo returned to the old Chaoshan area for inspection. After visiting the Chaozhou Hanbilou and the Puning County Liusha Revolutionary Memorial Hall, he wrote poems and ambitions one after another. His poem in Hanbilou says:
Time flies for 38 years, Chao'an always spins in his dreams.
The floor reflects the blue sky, and the flag is high like a fire.
One night, the book of the Tangkeng is forbidden, and the blood of heroes gushed out of the past.
is here to visit Kingsoft, and the sun and moon are updated in another world.
His poem titled "Freshsha Revolutionary Memorial Hall" says:
Thirty-eight years are like a blink of an eye, I will come back to the quicksand scenic spot.
At that time, the torch spread thousands of miles, and from then on, the wind and thunder were everywhere.
The right way is vicissitudes by mastering the new sky, and the sun and moon fees are arranged.
Now the US imperialists are so crazy, and the paper tiger must be taught to turn into ashes.
Now, these two pieces of Guo Moruo's calligraphy have been displayed on the former sites of the Hanbi Tower in Chaozhou and Puning "Fresh Sand Conference", and the originals are collected in Chaozhou and Puning Museums.
This article is original " Party History Bo Cai "
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