During the Southern Song Dynasty, a young talented man appeared in Dongyang, Zhejiang. Although his family was poor, he was striving for progress and insisted on studying. He was Qiao Xingjian. One year, the famous scholar Lu Zuqian got married, and Qiao Xingjian took his work "C

During the Southern Song Dynasty, a young talented man appeared in Dongyang, Zhejiang. Although his family was poor, he was striving for progress and insisted on studying. He was Qiao Xingjian. One year, the famous scholar Lu Zuqian got married, and Qiao Xingjian took his work "Cow and Sheep Outing Spring" to congratulate him. Some people don’t believe that he is a child prodigy, referring to the couplet of "Cows and Sheep Outings in Spring": "The goat goes up the mountain, the mountain touches the goat's horns, but———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Another person said, "The golden urging moves, and I really advise you to stay still;" Qiao Xingjian continued writing: "What is the jade flute? Let's see how I am." The students at that time were amazed. Seeing Qiao Xingjian being talented, Lu Zuqian decided to accept him as his disciple and impart knowledge! Later, Qiao Xingjian became the Prime Minister Duke of Lu and became a famous politician, writer, calligrapher and poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. Today, let’s learn about Qiao Xingjian’s life together!

Discussion on preventing border diseases

In the fourth year of Shaoxi, during the reign of Emperor Guangzong of Song Dynasty, Qiao Xingjian passed the imperial examination and was promoted from the magistrate of Tongzhou to the judge of the transfer of transportation in Huainan and the prison for prison for Huainan. At that time, Mongolia rose and the Jin Kingdom was suppressed. Qiao Xingjian analyzed that Jin would die, saying that our dynasty should wait and see, guard against Mongolia, and should not be enemies with Jin. discusses four major events in preventing border troubles. However, the court was dominated by the war-oriented faction, and Qiao Xingjian's opinions were overwhelmed and no one paid attention to them. Soon, Emperor Ningzong of Song issued an edict to attack Jin, and Han Tuozhou presided over the Northern Expedition. In the end, the Northern Expedition failed and the Song army was repelled by Jin.

Political opinion was not adopted

When Song Lizong ascended the throne, Zong Zheng Shaoqing and Secretary Qiao Xingjian wrote a letter to Prime Minister Shi Miyuan, asking Lizong to follow the example of Xiaozong's mourning period for three years. He also submitted a memorial to his own suggestions: "After the promulgation of Your Majesty for talent, those noble and noble people have never been summoned. Everyone in the world suspected that Your Majesty was just a form and that he had talent and was famous. People in the world thought that Your Majesty did not like kind officials, and that the country's governance, chaos, safety and danger were all caused by this." After the memorial, the court did not pay attention to his suggestions and did not reply.

advises the emperor to establish authority

When the Empress Dowager passed away, Qiao Xingjian, the official in the Privy Council, wrote a memorial: "Your Majesty is now mourning, so you should pay attention to the following things. First, beware of guards, and whether there are strict legal constraints between the harem and the court. Second, Your Majesty has many concubines and attendants, so you must restrain yourself. Third, Your Majesty should be diligent, establish authority, and handle the world's official affairs with all your heart. You should not be misled by the behavior of villains. Fourth, villains deceive Your Majesty in the court, which will attract resentment from the world. Indulging them will hurt kind people." Later, Qiao Xingjian reported many things again, but they were not accepted by the court.

Say the improper appointment of the court

The leader of the uprising armed Red Coat Army entrenched in Shandong is becoming increasingly powerful. Although he surrendered to the Song Dynasty, he had to be wary. The court hastily selected the Wu Kingdom to defend Li Quan. Qiao Xing wrote a letter to Prime Minister Shi: "The commander often uses famous generals, such as Han Shizhong, Yue Fei and others. How can Wu Kingdom be the major event of the border commander? In a hurry, he changed from a military general to a Qingwang official. He would try his best to modify the border, barely trying his best to make his words and deeds match his official position. But if he imposed pretentiousness, might make people feel more contemptuous and unfair. This must be considered carefully." Prime Minister Shi refused to listen. After Wu Kingdom arrived in Shanyang, he put on an airs of an important official in the court. The entire army was very angry, so he killed Wu Kingdom and the riots were difficult to calm down for a long time.

suggests punishing domineering generals

In the third year of Baoqing of Emperor Lizong of Song Dynasty, the governor Shi Qing was invited by Li Quan, the leader of the Red Coat Army, to Huaiyin, and was killed by Li Quan. Shi Qing and Li Quan both participated in the Red Coat Army and resisted Mongolia. Later, they surrendered to the Song Dynasty. Qiao Xingjian reported to the press and said: "Shi Qing is a general in the border area of the country. He was suddenly killed by Li Quan. There will definitely be people in the army who are indignant about this. It is better to take this opportunity to select outstanding talents from the Huaiyin Army to control their army and give Shi Qing additional rewards. Then the forces in the army will naturally decompose and we can control them. If does not punish the domineering Li Quan, who can guarantee that anyone will follow the example one after another? " The court did not adopt his suggestion and took action, but Li Quan surrendered to Mongolia, and the Mongolian army entered Qingzhou.

suggests sending troops to attack the rebels

Li Quan besieged Taizhou. Qiao Xingjian submitted a memorial to the court and said: "Li Quan besieged Taizhou. We cannot relax our encirclement and suppression of him. This man has no strategy. He has been stationed in many places and has lost his troops. Now he surrendered to Mongolia. He is really a defeated general. He was originally a poor Bai Ding. Within ten years, we have made him rich. is an ungrateful person. We must take action to deal with him. "The court ignored his memorial. At this time, the central government of the Southern Song Dynasty, even though he knew that Li Quan surrendered to the Mongolians, did not intend to break up with Li Quan.

suggests heavy troops to defend Yangzhou

At the end of the third year of Shaoding, Li Quan openly raised the banner of rebellion and prepared to attack Yangzhou. Qiao Xing reported to him, ": Yangzhou city is strong, our army stationed here is enough to be in charge of the entire Huai River. It cannot be occupied by those bandits. If they occupy it, Huaidong will not belong to us. Your Majesty must consider it in advance." The Southern Song Dynasty court agreed and sent Zhao Fan and Zhao Kui to live in Yangzhou, preparing for a decisive battle to defend the city. Li Quan was in a dilemma. Zhao Fan and Zhao Kui fought to the death. Li Quan was defeated and stabbed to death by dozens of spears. Qiao Xingjian requested to use heavy troops to garrison the coastal areas, so that it could become a barrier to the Wu and Yue land and serve as a boundary between the north and the south. The court agreed.

suggested stop regaining the Three Kings

1234, Caizhou of the Jin Dynasty was captured by the Mongolian and Song coalition forces, and Emperor Aizong of Jin hanged himself. When the Jin Dynasty perished, the Southern Song Dynasty faced the threat of Mongolia going south, which was stronger than the Jin Dynasty. The court discussed recapturing Nanjing, Tokyo and Xijing. At this time, Qiao Xingjian, who was also the official in charge of the Privy Council, learned about this incident and wrote a memorial saying: "I am worried that our strength will not be able to continue this matter. first , from the wise monarchs in ancient times, they must first govern domestic affairs and then engage in external wars. Nowadays, the literati and officials in China have no enterprising spirit, and local officials in prefectures and counties embezzled and accepted bribes, and the implementation of paper money to stabilize prices is also constrained everywhere. The laws and regulations are mostly destroyed, and the orders for reward and punishment have been ignored. Now, if you want to unify the territory of the country, can you achieve the expected results? second , For decades, the court has been selfish, the people are disappointed, the people are ineffective, and there are no soldiers who are brave to move forward. This is the case. Your Majesty But I want to drive them to regain their hometowns in the Central Plains in the north. Is it possible? If there is a war outside and other things happening in the Yangtze River, Fujian, and East Zhejiang areas in the mainland, what will happen? 3, the Northern Expedition must choose generals and train soldiers, and only after they have enough food and clothing can they take action. Does Your Majesty have a general who can stand alone? Is there a soldier who can fight tens of thousands of soldiers? To dispatch 100,000 troops, it will cost as much as a thousand gold per day, and transport food thousands of miles away. I am worried that the north has not yet taken a plan, and there has been riots in the south. I hope Your Majesty will make a decision to cut off other different discussions. "Qiao Xingjian's suggestion did not obey, and Song Lizong ordered troops to regain the three capitals, namely the former Northern Song Dynasty Kaifeng Prefecture, Xijing Henan Prefecture and Nanjing Yingtian Prefecture, which are located in Henan, which is known in history as "Duanping into Luoluo". "Duanping into Luoyang" ended in failure. The Song army was defeated by the Mongolian army and retreated to the Qinling and Huaihe River defense line.

became the Prime Minister of the Lizong Dynasty and the military soldiers in the palace were in chaos. Qiao Xingjian, the head of the Privy Council, killed more than 20 people, and the soldiers stopped causing trouble. Soon after, he was appointed as the right prime minister and still submitted suggestions many times, with his words very sincere and earnest. The imperial court appointed him as the left prime minister . He requested that the military affairs and financial and tax expenses be entrusted to the three governors respectively, and requested to compile the historical books of the five dynasties since Emperor Gaozong.

dedicated his life to the court

In the third year of Jiaxi, Qiao Xingjian was awarded the title of Pingzhang's military and national affairs and was named Duke Suguo. Worried about the upstream military important areas, he requested the establishment of a military governor Xuanfu envoy to dispatch troops to guard Kuizhou Road. The court agreed that the border could be peaceful. Qiao Xingjian wrote a letter to retire and return home eighteen times, but the court disagreed. In the fourth year of Jiaxi, he was granted the title of Shao Shi, the governor of Baoning Army, and the envoy of Liquanguan, and was granted the title of Duke of Lu .

1241, Qiao Xingjian died at the age of 86. He was posthumously awarded the title of Grand Master and was given the posthumous title "Wenhui".

evaluation:

Qiao Xingjian has a wide range of knowledge and a grand spirit. He has submitted many comments and suggestions to the court and put forward his own opinions and suggestions. He puts the overall situation first and considers it carefully in everything. The people he recommends have become prominent and virtuous people. Qiao Xingjian spent the first half of his life in a standing position, and he has always been unknown and his suggestions have never been adopted. However, he has achieved great success in his later years and eventually became a famous minister and prime minister during the reign of Emperor Lizong of Song Dynasty.

Note: I have simplified all the articles submitted by Qiao Xingjian in this article for easy reading. The articles in "History of the Song Dynasty" are very long. If you are interested, you can read them.