Preface
He is a famous general of the People's Liberation Army of China, and some people call him "Guan Yunchang of the People's Liberation Army." This statement is not groundless. In addition to his bravery and good combat, he is also a fellow townsman with Guan Yu, a great hero in history who has been famous for his eternal history, and is both from Jie County, Shanxi.
He is Cheng Zihua.
pic | Cheng Zihua
Chairman Mao awarded Cheng Zihua the Red Star Medal
Cheng Zihua was born in 1905 in a family named Su in Chengguan, Jie County, Shanxi Province. He was later adopted by his aunt's family and changed his surname to Cheng, and his original name was "Cheng Shijie".
After Cheng Zihua graduated from elementary school, the Cheng family was unable to support him in continuing to go to school, hoping that he would go to business to earn money. At a young age, he was very ambitious and took his own initiative and was admitted to the third highest junior high school in Yuncheng with an official fee.
Shanxi people are smart and good at savings. They are recognized as good at doing business. In history, Shanxi merchants and Hui merchants divide the world. Ordinary Shanxi families aim to raise their children to enter the business journey early, and the Cheng family is the same. After Cheng Zihua graduated from elementary school, he was persuaded to do business.
Cheng Zihua is very stubborn and still has to study. At this time, Shanxi warlord Yan Xishan, with the sign of "building Shanxi", opened a public-funded national normal school in Taiyuan. Scholars who had no money could apply for the exam. Cheng Zihua wanted to apply for the exam, but the Cheng family could not even afford the travel expenses for him to Taiyuan. His biological mother raised two yuan. He brought these two dollars to Taiyuan and was admitted to Taiyuan National Normal School in the autumn of 1922. Cheng Zihua was 17 years old at this time.
In order to consolidate its position, Yan Xishan established education to attract young people. The National Normal School did cultivate many followers for him, but it also created many Shanxi talents. For example, Xu Xiangqian, Bo Yibo and Wang Shiying are also students of Taiyuan National Normal University.
In the spring of 1925, Feng Yuxiang led the National Army to prepare for the removal of Yan Xishan, the "local emperor", and Yan Xishan also actively expanded his army to prepare for war. In order to raise war expenses, he forced housing taxes across the province, and could not ask for exemption from high houses and buildings to muddy houses, which caused complaints from the Three Jins.
The Communist Party of Shanxi launched a student movement to oppose forced housing taxes, but the school authorities suppressed students. The students were very angry and set off a student wave. At the National Normal School, Communists Ji Xiuchuan, Wang Shiying and others established a student union and drove away the Director General and the head teachers of each class. Cheng Zihua actively participated in the student trend, drove away the class teacher, and was elected as vice chairman of the student union.
Under the guidance of Ji Xiuchuan, Cheng Zihua gradually transformed from a simple patriot to a belief in communism.
Soon after, the May 30th Movement broke out, and all walks of life in Taiyuan responded positively. Cheng Zihua led the students to the streets to give speeches and donate money. In the spring of the following year, he joined the Youth Society, an external organization of the Communist Party, and in June, Ji Xiuchuan introduced him to the party. At the end of
, the party organization sent him to apply for the Whampoa Military Academy. In early 1927, Cheng Zihua was admitted to the Wuhan Branch of the Whampoa Military Academy and became a student of the sixth class of Huangpu. From then on, he began his life galloping on the battlefield like the great hero Guan Yunchang.
1929, the Red Army led by He Changgong and Li Can went to southeast Hubei to engage in activities and founded the Red 12th Army. The Kuomintang transferred the 2nd Regiment of the 15th Independent Brigade where Cheng Zihua was located to Daye and Yangcheng to attack the Red Army. The Central Military Commission made a quick decision and decided to launch a military violence and seize Daye City with both internal and external forces.
Daye military violence, Cheng Zihua made an indelible contribution. This military violence was very powerful. After the riots joined Li Can and He Changgong's 5th Column, the unit's troops doubled. The 5th Column was later expanded into the Red 8th Army and formed the Red 3rd Army together with the Red 5th Army.
In other words, Cheng Zihua's troops this time of military violence account for one-quarter of the Red 3rd Legion. At that time, the newspaper published by the Party Central Committee in Shanghai reported on the Daye military violence led by Cheng Zihua with comments of "the first voice of model military violence".
was a meritorious in leading the military violence. In November 1931, at the National Congress of the Chinese Soviet Union, Chairman Mao personally awarded Cheng Zihua a second-level Red Star Medal. It is said that if you get such a medal, you can be exempted from the crime of living and reduce the crime of death. It can be seen that its glory is.
Cheng Zihua was in full swing and was transferred back to serve as Secretary of the Shanxi Provincial Party Committee
12 On December 14, 1931, under the influence of the Red Army's victory in anti-"encirclement and suppression", the 26th Route Army of the Kuomintang, led by Ji Zhentong and others, held an riot in Ningdu, Jiangxi, and announced an uprising, carrying more than 17,000 people and more than 20,000 weapons, and entered the Soviet area.
Chairman Mao reorganized this uprising force into the 5th Corps of the Red Army, and Ji Zhentong served as the commander of the legion. Chairman Mao is responsible for the construction of the adapted Red 5th Army. First, Chairman Mao selected Xiao Jinguang to serve as political commissar in the 5th Red Army, and He Changgong went to the 13th Army of the 5th Red Army to serve as political commissar.
In order to transform this old army into the main force of the Red Army as soon as possible, Chairman Mao also selected a group of cadres with experience in renovating the old army to go to the Red 5th Army. Among them, Chairman Mao specially ordered Cheng Zihua.
Cheng Zihua received the task assigned by Chairman Mao and came to the Red 5th Army. He served as the political commissar of the 41st Division of the 14th Army and the commander of the 42nd and 14th Divisions. When he first arrived at the Red 5th Army, Chairman Mao sent an art performance team to publicize to the officers and soldiers that in the past it was to fight for warlords, but now it was to fight for the Soviets.
Literary and Art Propaganda Team compiled a drama "For Whom to Sacrifice", reflecting the tragic experiences of the Kuomintang army soldiers at that time. After the performance, it received a good result.
When Cheng Zihua arrived at the Red 5th Army, Liu Bojian, Zuo Quan, Song Renqiong, Zhu Liangcai and others also arrived one after another, strengthening the transformation of the old army.
After a period of work, this former Kuomintang army later became the main force of the Red Army, and Chairman Mao was very satisfied.
In June 1934, Cheng Zihua was appointed commander of the 25th Army. In December of the same year, Cheng Zihua led the 25th Army to Luonan County, southern Shaanxi during the Long March. While in Gengjiahe, the 25th Army was suddenly attacked by the enemy. The enemy occupied the favorable terrain and attacked the military headquarters. The head of the
army led the troops to command the enemy to seize the position on the mountain. The battle was extremely fierce, and the position was lost and regained many times. During the fierce battle, Deputy Commander Xu Haidong was seriously injured. Cheng Zihua was also hit by a bullet, his wrist bone was shattered, his artery blood vessels were broken, and he lost a lot of blood.
Picture | Xu Haidong
During the Shanxi Movement Committee, Cheng Zihua became weaker and weaker, and often had fever and diarrhea. Although Yan Xishan cooperated with our party, he only gave a small amount of funds to the Mobilization Committee. Cheng Zihua only received a subsidy of 6 yuan per month, and the medicines were even less.
Sometimes, Commander He Long and Guan from the 120th Division asked Political Commissar Ying to send some comrades from the Ministry of Health, but their medicines were also very limited. Therefore, Cheng Zihua made a decision on his staff: No one is allowed to trouble the chief of Cong or Guan again.
Once, the guard asked for a chicken from the kitchen and wanted to stew the soup for him. As a result, Cheng Zihua told them a lot of reasons why they could not use their food, and forced the guard to send it back.
Once, the translator Guo Bohai ran over excitedly and said, "Chairman Mao has sent a telegram and wants to subsidize Minister Cheng 100 yuan."
It turned out that when Chairman Mao learned about Cheng Zihua's condition, he specially sent a telegram on July 4, 1938 to express his condolences and asked the Northern Bureau to subsidize Cheng Zihua 100 yuan.
The staff around Cheng Zihua were very happy to hear the news. Doctor Fang Zhongxian immediately said to Cheng Zihua, "You can buy a few chickens to supplement nutrition."
Cheng Zihua smiled and said, "This is the care of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao, but we cannot use this money. You must know that they are much more difficult in Yan'an than us." After hearing this, Dr. Fang had to shake his head and whisper, "There is really no way."
This is Cheng Zihua, an iron soldier from Guan Yu's hometown.
In early 1949, after the People's Liberation Army entered Peiping, Cheng Zihua served as the first security commander and political commissar of Peking, and began to accept and clean up this big city in chaos.
At this time, most of the leading cadres of the People's Liberation Army troops took captured jeeps. After entering the city, many jeeps were painted again. The comrades in the security headquarters wanted to paint the commander's jeep, but Cheng Zihua disagreed and said, "We will go south soon. The new paint cannot make the jeep run faster. The car I am in is not painted.”
On April 21, Chairman Mao and Zhu De issued an order to march across the country. Cheng Zihua was appointed as the commander of the 13th Corps of the Fourth Field Army, leading four troops to go south along Pinghan Road, preparing to liberate Central and South. Before leaving, his lover was weak due to dysfunction and hoped to temporarily live in his original residence in Peiping.
But Cheng Zihua said: "We must firmly implement the central government's instructions that the generals who went south should not stay in the mansion in Beijing. "
's lover asked, "What should we do?" "Cheng Zihua said: "You should live in the Corps' remnant with the families of cadres in the organs. "
As a result, Cheng Zihua really asked his secretary to arrange for his lover to move and moved to the Beiping Remaining Office of the 13th Corps. Cheng Zihua led a large army south, from Henan and Hubei to Hunan. Just as he was winning the flag, a telegram suddenly called him and Chairman Mao transferred him back to the good center.
It turned out that a new mission was waiting for him. On September 1, the Shanxi Provincial System was restored according to the order of the North China People's Government. On the same day, the Shanxi Provincial People's Government was established and Cheng Zihua was appointed The deputy chairman of the Shanxi Provincial Government is Wu Xinyu, Wang Shiying and Pei Lisheng, and 17 provincial government members.
html At the end of 6, 44-year-old Cheng Zihua returned to his hometown - Shanxi, and served several positions - the Secretary of the Shanxi Provincial Party Committee, the Chairman of the Provincial Government, the commander and political commissar of the provincial military region, and became the top leader of the party, government and military in Shanxi Province. Cheng Zihua took off his military uniform and started a new journey.
Cheng Zihua only stayed in Shanxi for 8 months. Although only 8 months, his heart has been all over the people of Shanxi. His footprints are spread across the mountains and rivers of Shanxi, and his name has taken root in the hearts of simple Shanxi people. On September 4, 1950, the order was transferred from Beijing, and he was transferred back to Beijing to serve as the director and secretary of the Party Group of the National Cooperatives United Corporation.
Cheng Zihua devoted himself to the construction and vowed to relieve Chairman Mao’s great heart disease at the age of 60 l1
At that time, whether it was a city consumer society or a rural supply and marketing cooperative, there was a question of what principle and what form to organize. After Cheng Zihua took office, he proposed the principle of building a society with town-centered construction in rural areas.
Some cadres in Gaogang and Northeast China insisted on building a society with villages as units. Other regions also had different understandings. In cities, trade union cadres in many places advocated building a society based on industries or factories and mines, while cadres in cooperatives advocated building a society based on residential areas.
Cheng Zihua went to East China and Central China for more than 20 days of investigation, and felt confident. In mid-April 1951, Cheng Zihua and Bo Yibo jointly wrote a report on the issue of changing the organizational form of rural and urban grassroots cooperatives", affirming the principle that rural grassroots cooperatives should build a society centered on market towns or larger villages, and clarifying the centralized form of urban consumption cooperatives that should build a society mainly in residential areas.
Chairman Mao believed that these opinions were correct, and approved the report to be implemented nationwide, and established a cooperative in this spirit.
cooperative, a mass organization, gradually grew up with the support of the state, and undertakes many important tasks for the country. In 1951, the task of collecting cotton in East China and North China was well completed. On December 19, Cheng Zihua wrote a "Summary Report on Cooperative Cotton Collection Work" to Chen Yun, director of the Central Financial Committee. In the report, he It is recommended that the state hand over the acquisition of cotton and grain to the cooperative to complete.
state-owned commercial department is a little worried and doubts whether the cooperative has such great power.
Chairman Mao saw the report and believed that the past three purchases of state-owned, cooperatives and private merchants were changed to one-time purchase of cooperatives. The advantage is that it can ensure the actual collection price of cotton farmers, and there is no disconnection between the label and market prices. Therefore, he quickly issued an instruction on December 24: It agreed that the state would entrust all cotton to cooperatives to purchase one head.
Chairman Mao also called Cheng Zihua and asked about changing from three heads to cooperatives to one heads to cooperatives. What is the power of the cooperative? What are the difficulties?
Cheng Zihua was full of confidence and said there were no difficulties.
Chairman Mao said: "We must ensure the price of cotton farmers and do this work well in a planned manner. "
Chairman Mao's instructions gave Cheng Zihua and the cadres of the cooperative with great trust and encouragement.From then on, the cooperative undertakes all the acquisition tasks of important agricultural and sideline products such as cotton, flue-cured tobacco, and wool, ensuring the needs of domestic market and foreign trade exports.
One day in the spring of 1955, Cheng Zihua received a call from Luo Qingchang, Minister of the Central Press: "Chairman Mao is very concerned about the work of the supply and marketing cooperative and asks you to hold an exhibition in Zhongnanhai. In this way, you should understand more deeply and more realistically than just looking at the text materials."
Picture | Luo Qingchang
Cheng Zihua received the call and immediately organized the comrades from the headquarters to prepare. Soon, the exhibition was started, mainly an exhibition of the innovative achievements of the National Handicraft Cooperative.
On April 6, Chairman Mao drove to Yingtai. Cheng Zihua first reported on the development of handicraft industry, and then followed Chairman Mao to introduce it while watching. Chairman Mao looked at each part of the
exhibition carefully and asked carefully. During the more than an hour of visit, he saw almost all the main exhibits on display. Among the exhibits, the double wheels and double birch plows were the most prominent innovative agricultural tools at that time. After reading it, Chairman Mao asked about the operation method and operated it himself. He said: "It would be better to be able to save manpower and improve efficiency than the old plowshares."
Cheng Zihua reported on the production process and cost of the double-wheeled birch plow and how much efficiency it improved compared to the old plowshares used by farmers. Chairman Mao nodded frequently with a smile. Chairman Mao said at the end of the visit that more exhibitions should be done.
Since the late 1950s, Sino-Soviet relations have been deteriorating, and Chairman Mao has had to consider guarding against threats from the north. Therefore, we have made up our minds to establish a number of key enterprises in the mainland. In 1964, Chairman Mao analyzed the severe international situation and put forward strategic deployment for the construction of the third line of the southwest.
Immediately, Cheng Zihua received a transfer order in his position as deputy director of the State Planning Commission: serves as the first deputy director of the construction of the Southwest Third Line and supports daily work.
At that time, one of the key points of the construction of the Southwest Third Line was to build a large steel plant in the Southwest.
Cheng Zihua and engineering and technical personnel were busy on Shu Road and finally selected two factory sites, Panzhihua and Leshan. Then, he and the engineers went to Beijing to report to Chairman Mao. After listening to Cheng Zihua's report, Chairman Mao believed that although the address of Leshan was wide, it had no coal or iron, and was not suitable for steel. Therefore, Chairman Mao tended to build a steel plant in Panzhihua.
However, the proportion of iron ore produced in Panzhihua is too high to contain titanium vanadium, which is difficult to smel. At that time, the whole world could not solve this big problem. Cheng Zihua was a little worried. After hearing this, Chairman Mao didn't make a sound for a while, and finally decided to build a steel plant in Panzhihua.
Cheng Zihua admires Chairman Mao's determination, and he vows: "I will organize scientific researchers to solve problems immediately when I go back. I must take down this world-class problem and you will not regret it!"
After he returned to Chongqing, he immediately organized scientific and technological personnel to solve problems. After countless unremitting efforts, the technology of smelting Panzhihua iron ore finally made a breakthrough. Cheng Zihua immediately sent someone to write a report to announce good news to Chairman Mao.
1965, the international situation became increasingly unoptimistic. Once something happens, the Southwest will become a strategic rear. Can this rear shoulder such heavy responsibilities be taken? Chairman Mao was unable to sleep or eat. Once, he told Cheng Zihua and others who returned to Beijing that Panzhihua should be built quickly, but not sloppy. Cheng Zihua deeply understood Chairman Mao’s concerns and called on the builders to redouble their efforts after returning.
He said this: "Don't be afraid of all difficulties and dangers, and through all the hardships, we must do a good job in Panzhihua construction and let Chairman Mao sleep well!"
Cheng Zihua has worked in the third line for three years, and there are always three treasures around him: towels, straw hats, and kettles. He took the lead in setting a rule: does not work in the office, does not rely on file transactions, and goes to the scene to solve the problem on the spot.
In 1970, Panzhihua Iron and Steel Plant finally refined the first furnace of iron, which also relieved Chairman Mao of this "heart disease".
On March 30, 1991, Cheng Zihua passed away in Beijing.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-