saw a view online that the Internet has reached the point where it dare not criticize Ming Dynasty . Because the Ming Dynasty has become a "historical correctness" spontaneously formed by Ming fans in private. No matter what was ragged in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, it cannot be criticized by the Chinese dynasty established by Zhu Yuanzhang . If you dare to say a little bit of "Ming is not the Qing Dynasty", you will directly label you as "what is the intention".
So the question is, is a feudal Ming Dynasty that was blown to heaven really as beautiful as we imagined?
The death knell of the empire has never been so deafening
Chongzhen The Ming Dynasty of fifteen years has really reached the point where it can only vent its energy but not intake it. In the midst of internal and external troubles, he lives with his fingers. Outside, the Iron Cavalry of the Later Jin Dynasty was unbearable, and the Inside was the King of Breaking powers spread throughout the Ming Dynasty.
In addition to man-made disasters, natural disasters in the Ming Dynasty were also continuous, and famines caused by drought occurred in many places at the same time. In order to survive, some people do not hesitate to change their children and eat. The problems faced by the Ming Dynasty were more serious than any dynasty. Since ancient times, no dynasty faced such a difficult problem at the same time. Under such circumstances, the future of the Ming Dynasty plagued Chongzhen and the civil and military officials of the dynasty.
From the experience of previous dynasties, such as Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty , the best solution is to move the capital. The Tang Dynasty chose the Ming Emperor to stay in Shu during the Anshi Rebellion, while the Song Dynasty chose the Jianyan to cross the south due to the Jingkang change. Although it was not decent enough, it at least kept the country's fortune and continued.
At this moment, the situation of the Ming Dynasty was very similar to that of the previous dynasty. There are only two best ways to win, either exchange money for peace, or move the capital to avoid the edge and regain the old country.
However, both of the most practical methods were rejected by the ministers of the court.
Because the Ming Dynasty was a dynasty with the prevailing Confucian style, everyone advocated the so-called loyalty, filial piety, integrity and righteousness, and everyone took loyalty to the emperor and patriotism as their ability. Back then, when Taizu founded the country, he set rules to never compromise with rioters. "Don't cede land, not to marry, not to submit to the ministers, not to pay tribute, the emperor guards the country's borders, and the king dies in the country". When you are in life and death, whoever dares to ask for peace is to forget your ancestors and betray your ancestors.
So, under the instigation of the civil service group with moral articles all over the world, Emperor Chongzhen had to bite the bullet and fight to the end. The problem is that it is okay to not compromise. There must be a way to solve internal and external troubles. The civil servant group does not care about these things at all. What they need to do is to continue to perform political performances and be in a dignified state. How can they be Li Zicheng and Manchu children be humble.
One sentence "I've fought with them"!
peace talks = treason of the Ming Dynasty thinking
Emperor Chongzhen was not stupid, and all the civil and military officials were not stupid. Everyone understood that at the end of the Ming Dynasty, they could not resist the joint attack of the two forces, but no one dared to say that because loyalty to the emperor and patriotism is the most basic morality. Whoever breaks this point will become the target of public criticism.
Although everyone is not stupid, not everyone is anxious. The person who is most anxious is Emperor Chongzhen. Emperor Chongzhen was too eager to hear different voices in the court. Just as he was so anxious that he jumped over the wall, the Minister of War Chen Xinjia "stand out".
Chen Xinjia secretly discussed the agreement on a peace ceasefire with Later Jin . Chen Xinjia did not want to sell his country and seek honor, he just tried to get a chance to breathe for the Ming Dynasty from a professional perspective.
However, Jianjidian Grand Secretary and Minister of Personnel Xie Sheng After learning about this, he immediately reported to Emperor Chongzhen that Chen Xinjia was going to rebel. I heard that he was discussing peace with the Later Jin Dynasty.
Emperor Chongzhen asked him, in the opinion of the Grand Secretary, how to deal with this matter is more secure. Xie Sheng replied, "Leave it to me, the old minister has his own way."
Grand Secretary Xie Sheng thought he was extremely talented and had perfect plans. He was very careful of the thief in his house. A big mouth servant in the mansion leaked the matter.
This matter is related to the highest secret of the Ming Dynasty. The court immediately became an uproar. The so-called "loyalty to the emperor and serve the country" civil officials appeared one after another, and began their righteous performances, impeaching Xie Sheng for ineffective work and trying to punish him. Xie Sheng himself is in this industry. He knows what the consequences will be if he falls into the hands of these civil officials who are full of benevolence, righteousness and morality.
In order to make up for the mistake, Xie Sheng stood on the side of righteousness and deliberately said that he would hear Chen Xinjia’s thoughts, but in fact he wanted to sell Chen Xinjia. Chen Xinjia didn't know that the court had been in a bad mood and thought the emperor had adopted his idea. As a result, what we got was that our colleagues attacked him. Everyone compared who had a loud voice, what was Chen Xinjia's intention? Have you forgotten the ancestral system of the Ming Dynasty? Who gave him the courage to use peace and rebellion to commit corruption?
Even though Chen Xinjia cried and cried for justice, Emperor Chongzhen still dealt with Chen Xinjia under the kidnapping of the benevolence, righteousness and morality of civil officials.
Chen Xinjia is not the first Ming general who advocated peace talks. Former Minister of War Yang Sichang In the eleventh year of Chongzhen, he suggested to Chongzhen that peace talks are not cold. Emperor Guangwu of Han, Liu Xiu, had discussed peace talks with Xiongnu . Can you say that Emperor Guangwu is not wise enough?
Chongzhen deeply agreed with it. Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu had done this, and it would not seem embarrassing if I followed him. As the saying goes, to fight against foreign countries, you must first settle the country. It is better to temporarily reach a ceasefire agreement with the Later Jin Dynasty and settle Li Zicheng first.
After Yang Sichang received the consent of Chongzhen, he sent a confidant to contact Huang Taiji . At that time, Huang Taiji was not particularly confident about him. He was a tribal chief and wanted to win the great Ming Empire, but he had never been able to sit down and talk about peace all the time.
After Yang Sichang got over Chongzhen and Huang Taiji, he was preparing to publicly propose it in the court. After all, this kind of thing is related to the emperor's dignity. Even if Chongzhen agrees to acquiesce, it must be proposed by the minister. Yang Sichang never expected that this move would almost cost his life.
The patriotic civil servant of the Ming Dynasty immediately stood up and accused Yang Sichang of his hats selling the country and seeking honor and having ulterior motives on Yang Sichang's head. Qingliu people Wuying Palace Grand Secretary Huangdao Zhou From the perspective of the Three Bonds and Five Constant Permanence, they directly came up with the argument:
peace = treason = violation of human ethics = unwilling to heaven!
Patriotic performance has reached this point, and Yang Sichang's plan to discuss peace and save the country has been completely blocked.
In the 16th year of Chongzhen after Chen Xinjia and Yang Sichang, the last general who could fight in the Ming Dynasty was Sun Chuanting and died in battle. The Ming Dynasty had no sensible people who could fight again. Li Zicheng's army rushed to the capital in a mighty manner.
1 The next year, Minister Li Mingrui realized that the Ming Dynasty was really going to be over, so he risked his life to advise Emperor Chongzhen to move south. To put it bluntly, he was running away.
Chongzhen agreed and handed over the matter to Li Mingrui, but with the lessons of Yang Sichang and Chen Xinjia, Emperor Chongzhen told him to plan quietly and not be known by other ministers until the planning is thorough and then brought to the court for discussion, ensuring that there is no mistake.
Li Mingrui thought that after he planned it thoroughly, he threw out his suggestions for everyone to discuss, but the result was surprisingly similar. The plan was once again refuted by literati doctors. Their argument is that only a foolish monarch like Zhao Gou will run away and leave a joke in history that "searches mountains, checks the sea and captures Zhao Gou". How can the emperor of the Ming Dynasty be compared with Zhao Gou? Chief Supervisor Chen Yan concluded that Li Mingrui wanted to kill the emperor for being unkind and unrighteous.
Li Mingrui asked Chen Yan back, what strategies does the Prime Minister have to retreat to the enemy?
Chen Yan said, "I have no such thing as old man, so I would rather destroy my country than do things that future generations laugh at me."
The only opportunity to continue the reign of the Ming Dynasty and save Chongzhen's life was strangled by the collective opposition of this group of loyal and patriotic scholars.
When Li Zicheng broke the city, his close servant told Emperor Chongzhen that "the emperor guards the country's gates, and the king dies in the country" is the emperor's obligation, but the prince does not need to fulfill it, so it is better to send the prince out. When the emperor and the prince are together, it is easy to repeat the old mistakes of the Jingkang Incident.
The staff member Shiheng Kong, he immediately took advantage of the issue. I ruled the world with filial piety in the Ming Dynasty, and the kings must swear to live and die with the country. Isn’t the prince’s escape letting the prince bear the infamy of being unkind, unrighteous and unfilial? The emperor must not. What's more, during the Anshi Rebellion, Emperor Minghuang of Tang ran to Shu, and the prince Li Heng was supported by everyone to ascend to the throne. Later, the Anshi Rebellion was put down, Emperor Minghuang of Tang could only be the Supreme Emperor. This kind of relationship between the monarch and the minister, father and son is difficult to deal with.
Crown Prince Zhu Cilang was also forced to stay and failed to leave. In the end, Chongzhen watched the city break and the country fall.
How high is the voice, how fast is the surrender
cannot negotiate peace, cannot escape, and cannot properly place the crown prince to prevent future troubles. What are the behaviors of those patriots who expressed their loyalty to Chongzhen all day after the demise of the Ming Dynasty?
Emperor Chongzhen's family, a man, a woman, a young man, a young man, and a young man, was not left behind, and the civil servants turned against each other faster than reading books, so no one else said much.
Xie Sheng was restored to his post after the Qing army entered the pass, and lived until the second year of Shunzhi. After his death, he was posthumously awarded the title of Taifu by the Qing Dynasty, and his poem was posthumously named "Qingyi".
The prime minister Chen Yan chose to stay in the capital to surrender Li Zicheng, but was not favored by Li Zicheng. Liu Zongmin, the general of the King of Breaking, imprisoned him and handed over 40,000 taels of money to help him in various beatings. Li Zifeng wanted to let him go, but then he thought that he was Chongzhen's confidant and killed him again. When the city was broken, Shi Heng surrendered to Li Zicheng and became the military officer of Dashun .
donglin leader, the most knowledgeable and loyal and patriotic slogan of the Ming Dynasty, the minister of the Ministry of Rites, Qian Qianyi . When he saw the demise of the Ming Dynasty, his concubine Liu Rushi persuaded him to sacrifice his country and show his ambitions, and he accompanied Grand Secretary Qian to die with his own death. Qian Qianyi took Liu Rushi to the lake. As soon as his toes were on the water, he immediately shrank back and said: The water is too cold, and my old body bones may not work. Let's talk about it another day. He turned around and surrendered to the Qing Dynasty and became the Minister of Rites of the Qing Dynasty.
Huang Daozhou was quite honest and insisted on fighting the Qing Dynasty. He was eventually captured and died heroically.
Ming Dynasty It was really not necessary to have lost the country, and Chongzhen, the king who lost the country, was extremely wronged.
The reason why the Ming Dynasty lost its country was completely ruined by those with ulterior motives. These people under the banner of "loyalty to the emperor and patriotism", but in fact they are doing things to deceit and eliminate dissidents. How could such ministers who were "loyal to the emperor and patriotic" not resist Li Zicheng and the Later Jin Dynasty?
This is not a problem of the combat effectiveness of the Ming Dynasty, but a terminal illness that causes the collapse of human hearts.
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