Lao Qin wrote the day before yesterday, " Why did Zhang Xueliang turn to the weak Red Army ? The article "The Northwest Plan formulated by Chairman Mao made it irresistible to him", which mentioned: After Chairman Mao led the Central Red Army of to northern Shaanxi, he had difficulty in supply and economic difficulties, and was suppressed by Chiang Kai-shek's army from all sides. It can be said that he had reached the situation of "no way to heaven and no way to enter the earth". However, in such a desperate situation, Chairman Mao used only resources and conditions to formulate a concept of a joint cooperation between Northwest China and Zhang Xueliang, that is, to prepare to jointly act with the Red Army and the Northeast Army and the two main forces in the Northwest China, to control the situation in the Northwest and establish a national defense government.
Shaanxi Northern Red Army only had more than 20,000 people, without any clothes, lacking food and medicine; while the Northeast Army had more than 100,000 people, with excellent weapons and ammunition, but Zhang Xueliang still agreed to cooperate with the Red Army.
The reason why Zhang Xueliang agreed to cooperate with the Red Army was because he believed that the CCP had a strong backer - the Soviet Union.
In fact, the Soviet Union also agreed to support 1,000 tons of military weapons to the CCP. This was explained very clearly before Stalin was appointed as the representative of Communist International Lin Yuying to return to China.
So, why was Stalin so generous to send such a large number of arms to the CCP?
Is it just the reason for social ideology ?
is not.
After all, the most fundamental reason is to protect its own interests.
Chapter 3 When the war madman Hitler became the German Chancellor in 1933, Stalin, the hero of the generation, immediately became keenly aware of the threat from Germany and began to prepare for the construction of the Soviet defense system early on.
In just over a year, the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression treaty with Poland , Finland , formally established diplomatic relations with the United States, signed a friendly treaty with Czechoslovak , Romania and Bulgaria , and joined the international alliance.
On August 2, 1934, the second president of the Weimar Republic , Hindenburg , passed away. Hitler naturally became the head of Germany through a series of magical operations.
Once the power is in hand, I will take the order.
After Hitler came to power, he ignored the restrictions on Germany's military development by the Versailles Contract and publicly announced without fear that the German Defense Forces would be expanded from 100,000 to 300,000.
Stalin became increasingly nervous and wanted to form an alliance with Britain and France. Unfortunately, Britain and France caused the social depression due to the economic crisis. It was unstable internally, and it was powerless and unwilling to pay attention to the changes in the international situation.
Stalin did not form an alliance with Britain and France, but Germany and Japan were in love with them.
In this way, Stalin's head became two big.
Germany and Japan are separated from both sides of the Soviet Union and have bad intentions towards the Soviet Union. Once they join forces to attack at the same time, the Soviet Union is likely to collapse in a full-scale manner.
Given that the Japanese were causing trouble in Northeast China, Stalin was eager to open up the battlefield in China and let the Chinese help him deal with the Japanese. In this way, the Soviet Union could avoid the dangerous situation of fighting on both sides.
Comintern held its seventh Congress in July 1935, and the main topic was to establish an anti-fascist united front all over the world. As a branch of the Far East Bureau of the Communist International, the Communist Party of China accepted the task of establishing a unified anti-Japanese front in the Far East.
Lin Yuying returned to China under this background to convey the spirit of the Seventh Congress of the Communist International to the Communist Party of China.
The Soviet Union also knew that the CCP’s strength was too weak. In order to strengthen the CCP so that the CCP could compete with Japan, it swears to promise to provide 1,000 tons of arms.
It is precisely because of the promise of 1,000 tons of arms that Chairman Mao has the confidence and bargaining chips to discuss cooperation with Zhang Xueliang.
However, as mentioned above, the power of the CCP is still too weak. In Stalin's view, among the various forces in China, the one he wants to unite the most is Chiang Kai-shek.
Of course, he would rather see the CCP be able to cooperate with Chiang Kai-shek to fight against Japan, so that the Soviet Union's sense of security in the East and West will be greatly enhanced.
But from the perspective of Chiang Kai-shek, the strength of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party is too different. As long as he is given a few months, he can eliminate all the Red Army.
Therefore, he shouted the slogan "We must first calm the country when fighting foreign countries", constantly mobilized troops and generals, and rushed to encircle and suppress the red people in northern Shaanxi.
His attitude towards the Soviet Union was: "It is necessary for Russia to join forces, but we must come to the post-CPPCC."
Stalin saw that Chiang Kai-shek had the possibility of unity, then his attitude towards the CCP was intriguing.
Lao Qin added here that the reason why Stalin agreed to aid 1,000 tons of arms to the CCP was that Chiang Kai-shek's non-resistance after the outbreak of the "September 18th Incident" in 1931 made him feel cold, and thus put all his hopes of fighting against Japan on the CCP's side.
However, after sending people to contact Lao Chiang secretly, he found that the two sides had the possibility of cooperation, that is, in November 1935, he agreed to sell military weapons and equipment to Lao Chiang.
Then, Chen Guofu secretly went to Moscow to negotiate a non-aggression treaty with the Soviet Union.
In other words, by the end of 1935, the Soviet Union had already made a choice between Chiang Kai-shek and the Red Army.
Sadly, Chairman Mao and others knew nothing about this at that time.
In order to jointly establish the Northwest National Defense Government with the Northeast Army, Chairman Mao kept ordering the Second and Fourth Front Army to go north.
On October 8, 1936, the 10th Division of the 4th Army vanguard of the Fourth Front Army met with the 1st Division of the First Army's First Army in Jieshipu, Huining. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "October Operation Program", which detailed the Ningxia battle plan mentioned frequently in the previous articles.
On October 30, the Fourth Front Army's Red 9th Army, Red 30th Army, and Red 5th Army, had 200 cavalry divisions, as well as the secret service regiment, teaching regiment, women's vanguard regiment, Huimin Detachment, etc., had more than 21,800 people crossed the Yellow River , called West Route Army , and fought alone in order to implement the Ningxia Battle plan.
However, on November 3, 1936, the Communist International suddenly called and said that the transfer of aid materials was changed to Hami, Xinjiang, and asked the Red Army to occupy western Gansu for convenience of receiving.
This call from Communist International made everyone stunned. Why is this happening to
?
The Communist International later gave an explanation: First, this move does not want the Japanese to know, otherwise Japan would have serious conflicts with the Soviet Union; second, in the severe winter and desert environment, it is difficult to escort such a huge amount of supplies on the Outer Mongolia border; third, Japan launched the Suiyuan plan, which would lead to bombing of Japanese aircraft.
In fact, from the beginning of the negotiations between Stalin and Chiang Kai-shek, this batch of military aid was already a silence for the Red Army and it was impossible to obtain it.
You should know that the Western Army is five thousand miles away from Hami, and most of them are deserts without people, as well as countless enemies and fortresses. Not to mention that the Soviet Union did not have such a batch of supplies in Hami, even if there were indeed them, it would be difficult for the Western Army to get them.
For this reason, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China replied to the Communist International on November 8, sincerely asking them to "delivery supplies to Anxi with cars."
Of course, this request does not receive a positive response.
What else can we do in this case?
Chairman Mao proposed a "new combat plan" on November 13, 1936, that is, to form the Southern Army with the first and second fronts, and the Fourth Front Army in Hedong , and to form the Northern Army with the West Road Army that had crossed the Yellow River.
also completely inspired Chairman Mao’s greater fighting spirit from this incident - for production and development, must not place any hope on anyone, and must be self-reliant and self-reliant.
Our party and army, under his leadership, did not rely on any external forces, overcome all obstacles and finally established a powerful new China.
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