Kangxi Zhuban memorial
author/刘念尔
Kangxi is the "initiator" of the memorial system
20 years after Kangxi, the Qing government's internal affairs were increasingly handled Towards standardization. According to Kangxi's opinion, very few trusted officials began to submit memorials to him.
From this memorial gradually became the official document of the Qing Dynasty. The memorial has open memorial, or secret memorial, or single stage memorial, or multi-person unison. This communication between monarchs and ministers has since become an important means of communication between the Qing Dynasty and the upper and lower levels, but this work seems to be serious, but in the end it became a flicker of the "big routine". Due to the different levels of ethics and standards of officials in the Qing Dynasty, the memorials were also uneven, and even filled with a lot of nonsense, which annoyed these emperors who read memorials. Sometimes it was so annoying that even the emperors were dumbfounded.
Picture from the Internet
In the Kangxi Dynasty, only 137 officials had the power to write notes. This was a great honor at the time. Kangxi once said to some officials who could not distinguish the memorials from those who greeted them: "Please, An Zhezi should not be confused with this matter. It is very disrespectful. You know a few stinky words, don't you know them?"
Some ministers, out of diligence, repeatedly submitted memorials to Kangxi and sent them to various places to eat: "The minion bought fresh ones on April 28, sweet and slightly sour, and their honey soaked and salt soaked. It's not as good as the original taste. Cut into strips and dried, save the original flavor, the minion will inspect it, store the vial, and show it to the court." Kangxi did not like to eat after tasting, so he instructed him: "It's useless You don’t have to enter it again.” However, it didn’t take long for the things to be delivered again. Kangxi repeatedly told me not to send them in the memorial, and I don’t want to eat them. Although I knew that the minister was out of filial piety, the cycle continued. In addition to dealing with government affairs, it was necessary to give instructions on this, and it was a lot of trouble. Kangxi himself, who created this system, had no choice.
The picture comes from the Internet
After Yongzheng ascended the throne, the memorial will be fully open, and there are more than 1,000 people who have the right to directly give him the memorial. In this way, Yongzheng has to personally review the memorials of tens of thousands of words almost every day, and then he has to make a large number of responses to implement his opinions. Due to the single-minded handling of government affairs, the memorial has more content, wider angles, and sincere personality, a lot of interesting comments appeared in the instructions. He himself summed up the work and said: "The memorials of civil and military officials in various provinces can be tasted in a day, ranging from 20 to 30, as many as 50 to 60, and I personally read and read the memorials, and I have never stayed. No one praised them." In the face of the memorials like snow flakes all day, Yongzheng did not ask anyone to help. The workload was quite huge.
The memorial at the time was that the local officials sent their family members or members to Beijing and sent them directly to the palace gate, so the cost of this work was huge. So how many times is suitable for an official to report to the emperor in a year? Yongzheng once gave a clear answer to Zhu Pian, an official of Ningxia: "Whenever you encounter something that should be reported, it should be played several times within a month; if there is nothing to report, even if there are no notes for several years, I I won’t blame it.”
In February of the second year of Yongzheng (1724), the General Soldier of Yunnan stated in the Zhezi that, when he met in the capital a few days ago, he was ordered to report twice a year. Wang sent someone to give the papers once. Yong Zheng said impatiently in his reply: "There is no limit to you twice a year. If you have to report something, how can you stop reporting it twice? It's safe and sound, why bother to do something twice? "In addition, Yongzheng also took great pains with regard to how his ministers gave Zhezi. At that time, the governor Zhang Da, who was in charge of water transportation affairs, asked the court to allow him to use post-station horses to report water transportation affairs. Yongzheng replied: "If there are important memorials, they can be delivered by a stagecoach; for ordinary memorials, like a ship passing a certain lock, not only should you not ride a stagecoach, but you can also avoid it."
Picture from the Internet
More than a hundred years later, Zeng Guofan is a confidant of Yongzheng. When teaching his brother Zeng Guoquan how to make memorials to the imperial court, Zeng Guofan was very good at this long-standing system. Fire innocent. For the memorial, Zeng GuofanHe believed that "the vision should not be too high, and the self-effacement should not be too high". When dealing with the memorials, he taught his brother that: I don't have to limit my memorials to once a month. If there is something to do, he will play more, and if there is nothing to do, he will play less. Qing Dynasty Officials who have made achievements in history are all masters of memorials. On the whole, Zeng Guofan's memorials are nothing more than vigorous writing, which not only meets the requirements of memorials themselves, but also can be theoretically innovative in the content of memorials. The specific style is "spicy and accurate." , Ruthless", unfortunately, Yongzheng did not encounter a memorial master like Zeng Guofan.
曾国范奏折
However, after the full implementation of this system, Yongzheng was regarded as stabbing his ministers. In the hornet’s nest, a large number of local officials have nothing to look for, and they frequently play to Yongzheng, in order to flatter and show their courtesy. They are in a good mood to catch up with Yongzheng, but they are also very useful. For example, on March 25th, Yongfu, the commander of the protection army, reported him to pray for his recovery. The matter said: "First I hear about the holy bow and owe peace, the slave weeping and praying to the sky, and the holy lord will suffer from this malaria, I would like to double the sickness of my body, and also pray for the holy bow for peace. "It's not difficult to see that Yongzheng was moved by his words, but deliberately said: "Yongfu Hushou's language is not formal. The nonsense is extremely nonsense. ”
Yongzheng Zhuban Zou Zhe
Many times, due to excessive busyness, Yongzheng inevitably gets annoyed, and many courtiers often flattered the horseshoes. February of the third year of Yongzheng Nian Xiyao, governor of Guangdong, sent Yongzheng three folds at once. Yongzheng saw that what he played had already been reported to the ministries, so he was very angry and asked him, “I have already reported to the ministries, why do you need to do more? Music, is it because you have nothing to report in Guangdong Province but you have to find something to play? For such a long journey, I sent someone to send these useless memorials, I don't know what your intentions are! "However, Yongzheng's continuous application still failed to prevent the influx of a large number of "junk memorials". This work was injected with a lot of "routines" by the courtiers. The article made Yongzheng angry and very helpless.
"Bullshit" memorials, Yongzheng is often "fucked" by
Yongzheng with high emotional intelligence and careful thinking is good at handling interpersonal relationships. Although he He is the lord of a country, but sometimes he can put aside his arrogance, communicate with his ministers and workers like friends, and often reward his ministers and their families with medicine. On the courtesy of the ministers, he will criticize and write in a very kind and gentle tone: "I Gong'an, how are you? "Or "I am very peaceful, how good is it?" "On the invitation of the governor of Shanxi Nuomin, he wrote: "I am very peaceful. How are you? Happy New Year! With the blessing of the gods and Buddhas of the world, the rain is smoothed in the province of Erzhi, the food is harvested, the military and the people are happy, everything is good! ". This is when the mood is good. In the Qing Dynasty, "Any memorial booklet must be accompanied by a copy of the security package....Please ask the security package for official business, and just ask "wellness"." (Tong Hong held: " Interesting Discussion on the Collection of Folklore Documents"
永正朱批收折
After receiving the memorial from the Governor of Guizhou, Yongzheng took a look at the memorial, except for a few small things, he just showed himself to be diligent. He replied: The journey is such a long way, if there is nothing that must be done, don’t go back and forth in vain. If you report memorials from time to time, it’s especially impossible to "coerce your boss and intimidate your members, especially not". Talent and skill are not long-term strategies." However, at the time of Yongzheng's "weibo"-style memorial interaction, he still encountered "chaotic articles" from time to time. Zhili officials hurriedly reported to Yongzheng because of the rain, and Yongzheng instructed: "Next It’s raining and talking.” Jiangxi governor Li Lan wrote “the emperor’s great prosperity” after the trivial matter, and Yongzheng Zhu commented: “I hate this kind of false writing.” Fujian governor Zhao Guolin always emphasizes himself.” "One gets the foolishness", Yong Zheng just saw his hypocrisy: "You write too many stupid words. How can I assign a stupid person to the post of a feudal vassal?" Sometimes when he meets a despised subordinate, he will Ironically. When criticizing Tong Jitu's memorial, he mocked the other party like this: "Knowing people is wise, and it is difficult for the emperor. How can I be able to use a person like you like an ordinary emperor like me!" He wrote when criticizing Hu Fenghui's memorial. : "Reward you more, so that you can use it to drill and pierce you."
From then on, there are still ministers who have nothing to do with him. When he is angered, Yongzheng swears and scolds him lightly. Confused, ignorant, Disgusting, but in the worst case, it is not a person, a dead person, or a dog, and the usual demeanor of cultivation disappears.
雍正行乐图
He is very disgusted with flattery and flattery, if someone behaves too humbly and lowly in front of him, he will be very disgusted. Yongzheng had a good face and asked his ministers to take care of their faces, because the use of them was Yongzheng's intention. "My face is Er's life. Whether it's good or not, it's all up to you." In the memorials of Yin Tai, the Yushi of the left capital, Yong Zheng cursed to such a point: "Yin Tai, what did you do before? Damn old man. Beast!" "Fuck old shit!" "Yongzheng Files" "Are you a god? Such ignorant and deceitful words, how can you speak nonsense before your father!" Sometimes Yongzheng spit out quite a reply. The momentum, even the confrontation, is neat, and it is not allowed to say "Happiness depends on you, laughs also depends on you, anger also depends on you, guilt also depends on you, feelings also depends on you, and annoyance also depends on you. I never agree with each other." The memorial system initiated by Kangxi allowed Yongzheng not only to "carry forward", but also to inject a large amount of Yongzheng's personal touch. Under the strong red wall, it conveyed the vivid and rare "talking" of palace politics.
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