However, after the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in January 1931, the Communist International began to interfere in the Chinese revolution and began a four-year "left" rule.
established the Provisional Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China and continued to implement the "left" adventurism represented by Wang Ming .
In early November 1931, the Central Soviet Area held the first party congress in Gannan , and Mao Zedong attended the meeting as the acting secretary of the Central Bureau of the Soviet Area.
meeting established the Central Military Revolutionary Committee and abolished the names of the commander-in-chief of the First Front Army, the general political commissar and the secretary of the general front committee.
Mao Zedong's leadership position in the Central Soviet Red Army was excluded, and only one Chinese Soviet Central Government Chairman was retained.
Zhou Enlai served as secretary of the Central Soviet Area Central Soviet Area and became the highest leader of the Central Soviet Area of the Communist Party of China.
Mao Zedong created a stable and reliable revolutionary base for the Party and the Red Army. In the historical context at that time, his achievements were particularly great.
Zhou Enlai had a special understanding of Mao Zedong in adversity, and he respected Mao Zedong very much, and cared about his life very much.
Due to the left-leaning error and the poor health, the central government decided to ask Mao Zedong to take He Zizhen and the guard squad to go to Donghuashan east of Ruijin for recuperation.
Mao Zedong was on the mountain, and he was worried about the foot of the mountain. The only thing he couldn't rest assured was the fate of the revolutionary base areas, the Party and the Red Army.
The Provisional Central Committee of the Communist Party of China continued to promote adventurism and decided that the Red Army would attack Ganzhou , which made him worried.
Mao Zedong stepped aside. Some people began to look at Mao Zedong, but Zhou Enlai was different from others and still cared about him very much.
He went to Mao Zedong's residence to visit him. Mao Zedong was moved and inspired by adversity.
Before leaving, Zhou Enlai held Mao Zedong's hand and left a sentence: "Take care for the overall situation and be patient with each other." In Zhou Enlai's heart, Mao Zedong had extraordinary military talents, and the Party and the Red Army were inseparable from him.
While Mao Zedong was recuperating, he also entrusted the client to give some of the seized spoils to Mao Zedong, especially when the battle in Greater Ganzhou was difficult, the first person he thought of was Mao Zedong.
He asked Comrade Xiang Ying to personally invite Mao Zedong to go down the mountain to command the battle, ending Mao Zedong's recuperation life. Xiang Ying rode a fast horse and rushed to Mao Zedong's residence.
Mao Zedong was surprised and asked, "The war is so tense, why are you here to do? Is there anything?" Mao Zedong asked with concern.
Xiang Ying said: "Comrade Enlai asked me to come and invite you down the mountain."
"Is it for the fight against Ganzhou?" Mao Zedong roughly guessed Xiang Ying's purpose.
"Yes, the fight was not going smoothly. So, Enlai asked you to go to the front line as soon as possible." "Didn't the attack on Ganzhou have started long ago? Mao is right-leaning and conservative, can he trust him?" He Zizhen complained.
Xiang Ying felt uncomfortable when she heard this, and also blamed herself for not agreeing to attack Ganzhou and seize the central city with both hands, and her face was a little embarrassed.
He said: "The enemy's city defense is strong, reinforcements are here again, our army suffers a lot, and the situation is very difficult..."
Xiang Ying was worried that Mao Zedong would not go down the mountain, and he was thinking about using something to convince the other party. Unexpectedly, Mao Zedong stood up suddenly and said: "Then you take a step first, I will go down the mountain immediately."
However, Xiang Ying refused to leave for a long time. He was worried that Mao Zedong would not go down the mountain, because Mao Zedong was excluded, so he must have resentment in his heart.
Xiang Ying saw Mao Zedong ask the guards to pack his luggage, and he went down the mountain with confidence. After walking for two or three miles, Xiang Ying turned back.
Mao Zedong said: "Don't worry, I won't let you visit the cottage three times. I'm still a Communist Party member, and I have to take the overall situation into consideration."
At this time, it started to rain heavily. He Zizhen was worried and said, "Let's go down the mountain after the rain."
Mao Zedong said, "You can't wait anymore. Life is at stake. Take your time, we'll leave first." As he said that, he rolled up his trousers and left.
He Zizhen smiled, "You are still sick, so you dare not get wet in the rain again." Mao Zedong said, "As soon as I arrive on the battlefield, my illness will be cured." Mao Zedong went down the mountain in the rain.
Mao Zedong arrived at the front line and went deep into the position to conduct investigations. The battle in Ganzhou lasted 33 days from February 4 to March 7.
The Red Army suffered two general attacks and several blasts, but failed, and suffered major casualties, losing many favorable opportunities to expand the base area and develop the Red Army.
After Mao Zedong's investigation, he advocated that the Red Army resolutely withdraw from the siege of Ganzhou and repair it in southern Ganzhou.
On April 2, Zhou Enlai accepted Mao Zedong's suggestion to attack Longyan and Zhangzhou , and appointed Mao Zedong to lead the Red Army to attack Longyan and Zhangzhou as the chairman of the central government. Zhou Enlai personally went to Changting to be Mao Zedong's "back".
Mao Zedong was indeed a strategic vision, and he won the favor and support of Zhou Enlai.
Zhou Enlai found that it was indeed inconvenient for Mao Zedong to "move with the army" as the chairman of the government.
On July 25, Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong, Zhu De and Wang Jiaxiang, jointly called the Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China Soviet Area, proposing that "the army will be renamed political commissar system , and Mao Zedong will be appointed as the general political commissar."
However, the Central Bureau did not agree and insisted on appointing Zhou Enlai as the general political commissar.
htmlOn July 29, Zhou Enlai replied to the Central Bureau of the rear in his personal name, emphasizing that : He served as the general political commissar, which would make multiple commanders and make the government chairman have nothing to do, and it was really inconvenient for Mao Zedong to be in the front in the name of the government chairman."Zedong's experience and strengths are to command operations." "He must be tried to make his performance." "He is commanded by Zedong, and the command can be appropriate."
After Zhou Enlai's repeated persistence, the Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China Soviet Area finally agreed to appoint Mao Zedong as the General Political Commissar of the First Red Front Army.
On August 8, Zhu De, Vice Chairman Wang Jiaxiang and Peng Dehuai formally appointed Mao Zedong as the General Political Commissar of the First Red Army.
Chiang Kai-shek launched the fourth counter-revolutionary encirclement and suppression. The Central Bureau of the Soviet Area insisted on implementing the "active offensive line" and asked the Red Army to attack the central county town and find the main force of the enemy to attack.
Central Committee held the Ningdu meeting with the purpose of unifying strategic thinking. At the meeting, Mao Zedong firmly opposed it and argued, so he stabbed the hornet's nest again, and Mao Zedong was left aside again.
Central Bureau members proposed : "Comrade Enlai is responsible for the general responsibility of the war leadership, and Comrade Zedong returns to the rear to bear the responsibility of the central government's work."
Zhou Enlai did not expect that Mao Zedong, who he recommended, was suppressed again. He appreciated Mao Zedong's military talent and insight. At this moment, he tried his best to control his excited feelings and put forward his own opinions calmly and seriously:
The purpose of this meeting is to formulate a correct strategic policy, and listening to all kinds of opinions is not without benefits. Mao Zedong's opinions are not entirely his personal. My thoughts are:
. If I am responsible for presiding the war, Mao Zedong must "assistant in the front"; 2. Mao Zedong is still "bearing the responsibility of presiding the war", and I am responsible for supervising the general policy of action in the front."The general principle of Zhou Enlai's opinions is to keep Mao Zedong ahead and give full play to his military strengths.
Zhou Enlai also proposed that Mao Zedong's strengths, experiences and interests are military, and insisted on choosing one of the two plans, Zhou is in charge, Mao is in charge, or Mao is in charge, and Zhou is in charge.
Zhou Enlai has the noblest personality and the broadest mind. He appreciates Mao Zedong's talent and recommends it with all his strength. He is a great man who does not fight for power or profit.
According to his position at that time, he was the instructor and organizer of the work of the whole party, but he never regarded himself as the nominal "top leader".
Han Suyin commented on Zhou Enlai : "Zhou Enlai did not win even if he had an copper plate , but in terms of personality, he won a lot of things."
Zhou Enlai's opinion was unanimously opposed by the Central Bureau, and he also accused him of not having a firm stance and not concentrating his firepower to oppose Mao Zedong. It was a harmoniousism and a mixed solution.
Mao Zedong had a strong personality. He believed that since he could not gain the trust of the central government, he firmly rejected the plan proposed by Zhou Enlai and proposed to go to the rear to recuperate and go to the front if necessary.
In this case, Mao Zedong returned to the rear, and his military position was equivalent to being dismissed. Before leaving, Zhou Enlai saw him off in person and said to Mao Zedong affectionately: "Don't worry, the enemy's fourth anti-encirclement and suppression will definitely be broken."
Mao Zedong said: "If I need me in the front, send me a message and I will come immediately." When the breakup, Zhou Enlai still left eight words to encourage Mao Zedong: "Take care for the overall situation, be patient for the party!"
Mao Zedong returned to the rear, and Zhou Enlai could only obey the central decision, take the overall situation into consideration, and bravely and resolutely shoulder his mission and responsibility.
Ningdu meeting ended, and Zhou Enlai still had Mao Zedong's position in his heart.
Some people take advantage of the situation, while others ignore you after seeing you come down. In short, there are many people in power. But Zhou Enlai is different. He has his principles of being a human being.
When the Red Front Army issued the order, Zhou Enlai always signed the "General Political Commissar Mao Zedong" first, and signed it with "Act General Political Commissar Zhou Enlai", and placed the name behind Mao Zedong's name.
In the "top secret" "Battle Plan for Jianning, Lichuan and Taining of the Red Front Army" formulated in October, he personally stated that "If you have any convenience, please give it to Chairman Mao for a read."
He also personally told the confidential secretary: 's military plans, orders, etc. in the future must be given to Chairman Mao. All this fully demonstrated Zhou Enlai's trust and respect for Mao Zedong. At that time, he would not have thought that Mao Zedong would become the leader of the entire party.
The fourth anti-encirclement and suppression battle, Zhou Enlai and Zhu De absorbed the experience of the first three encirclement and suppression battles, adhered to Mao Zedong's combat ideas, and gave full play to the strengths of the Red Army's guerrilla warfare, and achieved major victories.
Mao Zedong gave high affirmation in "Strategic Issues of the Chinese Revolutionary War": "During the fourth anti-encirclement and suppression, he failed to attack Nanfeng, resolutely took the step of retreat, and finally turned to the enemy's right wing, concentrated in the Dongshao area, and began a great victory in the southern part of Yihuang ." Marshal Liu Bocheng, who lost his right eye in the Battle of Fengdu recalled: "As long as you fight for the vital interests of the people, the war will take away one eye, the masses will give you tens of millions of eyes; take away one hand, the masses will give you tens of millions of hands!" It was countless hands and countless eyes that made the enemy's main force of the Red Army remain unknown during the 10 days of the main force of the Red Army's hidden standby.
Moreover, Zhou Enlai, as a military strategist, also created the original , the Red Army Corps ambushed and annihilated three enemy divisions in a row.
The First Red Army wiped out nearly three divisions of the Kuomintang army, captured more than 10,000 people, and seized more than 10,000 guns of various types, creating an example of ambushing and annihilation of the enemy in the history of the Red Army's war.
This battle basically annihilated the 11th Division of the Kuomintang, which was founded by Chiang Kai-shek's direct lineage, Chen Cheng, who had always claimed to have never lost the battle. The division commander Xiao Qian, the division chief of staff and the 31st Brigade commander were all injured, and the independent brigade commander Cheng Junfeng was shot dead. When the enemy's 9th Division sent a regiment to reinforce the enemy's 11th Division, it was annihilated near Dongbei.
Nie Rongzhen, who was the political commissar of the Red 1 Corps at the time, wrote in his memoir that the Red 1 Front Army won two consecutive victories within three weeks, annihilated nearly 3 enemy divisions of 28,000, capturing 2 enemy division commanders and 2 brigade commanders, seizing more than 18,000 guns and 40 cannons, thus successfully breaking the enemy's "encirclement and suppression".
Chiang Kai-shek said: "This setback is extremely miserable, and it is the only hidden pain in his life."
Mao Zedong praised: "The fourth encirclement and suppression of the Central Soviet Area in Nanjing may be the worst defeat."
Zhou Enlai just arrived in the Central Soviet Area and insisted on reappointing Mao Zedong as the general political commissar of the First Red Army, restoring Mao Zedong's military power. At the Ningdu meeting, Zhou Enlai made every effort to safeguard Mao Zedong's authority and gave the greatest support and help, which laid the foundation for the cooperation between the two great men in the past half a century.
Although Zhou Enlai's position was higher than Mao Zedong at that time and was Mao Zedong's leader, Zhou Enlai did not know that Mao Zedong would become the leader of the Chinese revolution in the future.
But he believed that one thing: Mao Zedong’s military thoughts were correct, so he had to persist. Mao Zedong's outstanding talent must be appreciated and valued. This is the great man Zhou Enlai.
It can be said that Zhou Enlai discovered Mao Zedong, and in this genius, he focused all his feelings. Before and after the Zunyi meeting, Zhou Enlai fully recommended Mao Zedong to lead the military operations of the Red Army and consciously retreated to his position as an assistant.
Zhou Enlai discovered Mao Zedong's talent and strategy as the leader of the Chinese revolution through revolutionary practice, and has always supported Mao Zedong and been loyal to Mao Zedong.
American journalist Salisber wrote a passage explaining the relationship between Mao and Zhou Tu:
"The Zunyi Conference marked a great political alliance between Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. From then on, they maintained this partnership for their entire lives, at least until one or two years before their death."
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