1949, when the Communist Party of China advanced to the city of Peking in a victorious manner, it immediately invited representatives of democratic figures from all over the country to participate in the political consultation meeting as the host, and jointly planned the founding event. During the process of
, I encountered a big and small problem: I couldn’t find a venue that can solve the audio problem in the huge Peking City in .
After the anxious Premier Zhou learned the news, he immediately called Wang Zheng: "If the meeting is affected by the audio problem, I will kill your head!"
In order to keep his head, Wang Zheng handed over this difficult task to the capable general Fu Yinghao .
So, what is the origin of Wang Zheng and Fu Yinghao who were ordered in danger?
What efforts and attempts did the two make in the next task?
The founder of telecommunications work
Wang Zheng, a native of Wujin County, Jiangsu Province, graduate of the sixth class of Huangpu Military Academy, and majored in communications.
Before 1930, Wang Zheng had been working in the National Revolutionary Army, serving as a second lieutenant and radio operator.
Later, in the battle between the Central Red Army and the Kuomintang army of Central Red Army, the 18th Division of the National Revolutionary Army to which Wang Zheng was wiped out by our army, and a group of radio personnel including Wang Zheng also became prisoners of the Red Army and .
At this time, Wang Zheng could have chosen to take off his military uniform and go home , but he had long been in the heart of Communist and resolutely chose to join the Red Army.
A few days later, Chairman Mao, Commander-in-Chief Zhu and other central leaders cordially met with Wang Zheng and others, because our army had not yet formed a communication force at that time, Wang Zheng and others, as radio technicians, were particularly important.
Chairman Mao said: "Radio technology is a new technology. I hope you will work hard and serve the vast number of workers and peasants."
Chairman Mao's words reached Wang Zheng's heart. For the rest of his life, he used his practical actions to show his determination to join the revolution.
Later in the revolutionary career, Wang Zheng built a radio communication station for the Red Army, intercepted and cracked the enemy's telegram during the anti-encirclement and suppression war, formed the Eighth Route Army strategic radio network during the War of Resistance Against Japan, and helped the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China coordinate the front line during the War of Liberation.
Wang Zheng and his radio organization played an irreplaceable and important role in more than ten years of revolutionary war, so that Premier Zhou Enlai praised: "Central Committee Member + Radio = Party Central Committee".
If Wang Zheng is the founder of telecommunications work in the Communist Party of China and the People's Army, then Fu Yinghao is undoubtedly the axe in Wang Zheng's hand.
Fu Yinghao is a top student in the Radio Department of Tsinghua University. After the war of anti-Japanese war began, Fu Yinghao interrupted his unfinished studies and began to devote himself to the radio and publicity career, using his own strength to promote the anti-Japanese work.
Fu Yinghao was accidentally discovered by Premier Zhou Enlai when he was working in " Xinhua Daily ". The Prime Minister saw that this person was quite conscious, and he was quick-thinking and had strong hands-on ability at work, so he recommended him to work in Yan'an.
At this time, Wang Zheng was already the leader of the Communications Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. After Fu Yinghao arrived in Yan'an, he became Wang Zheng's subordinate.
In the process of establishing and launching Xinhua Radio, Fu Yinghao asked Wang Zheng for many questions, and the two quickly became close comrades-in-arms.
In the years to come, Fu Yinghao became a capable general under Wang Zheng and jointly made outstanding contributions to the organization's revolutionary war cause.
On the eve of the founding of New China, Wang Zheng is already the Minister of the Communications Department of the People's Liberation Army, and Fu Yinghao is the Director of the Technical Department of the Communications Department.
was ordered to be appointed in the face of danger. In August 1949, there was not much time before the opening of the first Political Consultative Conference planned by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and all preparations were in progress in an orderly manner.
However, I encountered a headache during the process, that is, the audio problem of Huairentang in Zhongnanhai.
Choose Huairen Hall as the conference venue for this meeting was a carefully considered decision. Because there were few venues in Beijing at that time that could accommodate thousands of people, Huairen Hall was the only one.
Before the People's Liberation Army entered Beiping City, Huairen Hall was always the place where General Fu Zuoyi held a combat meeting. It was very secure and confidential. , but there was no audio in the venue. After all, Huairen Hall had never held a conference.
In June 1949, when the Preparatory Committee of the CPPCC Meeting selected Huairen Hall to the venue, this problem had already been discovered.
However, there were few participants at that time, and it was still possible to make do with it, but when it came to the formal meeting, the sound problem must be solved.
On this day, Fu Yinghao happened to come to report to Minister Wang Zheng.
As old comrades who have worked together for many years, they are finally going to usher in the victory of the revolution together. Both of them have smiles on their faces, and they are even more chatting and laughing during the work report.
Suddenly, a rapid phone ringtone broke the conversation between Wang and Fu.
Wang Zheng answered the phone while signaling Fu Yinghao to suspend the work report, but unexpectedly, he received a reprimand as soon as he picked up the phone.
"Wang Zheng? The central government is planning a political consultation meeting, and the address is selected in Huairen Hall, Zhongnanhai."
Wang Zheng also put away the smile on his face as he heard the Prime Minister's serious voice different from usual.
Immediately afterwards, the Prime Minister said: "Now the sound of Huairen Hall is a big problem. The comrades over there reported that there were serious echoes in the venue, and there were still small and blurred sounds in many areas. This is definitely not possible."
Hearing this, Wang Zheng immediately understood the Prime Minister's meaning.
Indeed, this is the first CPPCC meeting where the Communist Party, as the host, invited all walks of life to participate. It not only concerns the face and image of the Communist Party, but more importantly, this meeting discusses the major event about the establishment of a new China.
In such an important occasion, if there is a problem with the venue's sound, what is the point of holding a meeting?
"Now there are many people outside questioning us, saying that the Communist Party cannot manage the country. If there is a problem at this critical moment, it will be more than just a failed meeting. This is a political problem!"
Premier Zhou became more and more excited as he spoke, and every word hit Wang Zheng's head like a hammer.
"If the problem is not handled properly, I will kill your head!"
Preview Premier Zhou said this.
After hearing this, Wang Zheng, who had been flirting with his face, suddenly smiled again.
html, who has been working in a central organization for more than 0 years, has no idea how many times he has been "threatened" by the Prime Minister. Wang Zheng muttered: "I always want to kill my head, and no matter how many heads I have, I can't kill enough."However, as he said this, Wang Zheng did not dare to neglect the tasks assigned by the Prime Minister at all.
"You are here today, so this task will be left to you. If the problem of Huairentang's voice cannot be solved, I will be beheaded and you will not be able to escape." Wang Zheng said to Fu Yinghao with a smile.
As his old subordinate for many years, Wang Zheng is the clearest about how capable Fu Yinghao is. If he cannot complete this task, it will be difficult for others to complete.
Fu Yinghao also looked relaxed when he heard this. After all, for a communication expert like him, Huairentang's audio is definitely a small problem.
While listening to the phone, Fu Yinghao probably guessed the cause of the problem. he believed that as long as the audio position is arranged properly, the problem will naturally be solved.
However, the actual situation during work made Fu Yinghao realize that he far underestimated the difficulty of this problem.
tried all the time to debug the audio
The next day, Fu Yinghao came to the Huairen Hall venue.
Considering the seriousness of the problem and the urgency of time, Zhongnanhai departments opened the green light to Fu Yinghao, and no matter whether they want people or things, they can be satisfied as soon as possible.
Fu Yinghao first inspected the environment of Huairentang.
In fact, Huairen Hall is a very large courtyard house with a layer of iron roof, which makes it look more solid and mysterious.
Auditorium is the courtyard of Siheyuan, and the surrounding walls become the curtain wall of the auditorium.
Then, Fu Yinghao placed a group of speakers in the upper and lower parts of the auditorium according to experience , but found that the sound of would bump and the echo would not dissipate for a long time.
Immediately afterwards, he arranged the audio from various angles, but the echo and reverberation situations were never eliminated.
Several days have passed, Fu Yinghao's work has come to a standstill, and he no longer has the ease of starting from . He scratched his head every day and thought about the audio layout problem, but he has not made any progress.
Later, once, a sentence from a working member of the group gave Fu Yinghao inspiration.
That day, everyone was worried about the audio matter and was still discussing the solution while eating.
Unconsciously, everyone chatted about Chairman Mao’s top ten military principles, and some even memorized them on the spot.
"Split the whole into zero."
Suddenly Fu Yinghao keenly captured this sentence.
He stood up suddenly and muttered with thoughts.
No one on the side knew what he thought of, and kept asking: "Don't keep it aside, have you thought of any solution?"
Indeed, Fu Yinghao thought of a method that is very simple to operate, but may have a great effect, that is, turns the sound source into zero.
As we all know, the louder the sound, the smaller the echo, and vice versa.
Since the echo problem has not been solved for a long time, , why not divide the original individual sound source, and reduce the volume of the sound source as much as possible, and the echo will naturally decrease accordingly.
Fu Yinghao told everyone his thoughts. Everyone was an expert in this field and immediately understood what he meant.
did it as soon as possible. Several people put down their lunch that they had not finished and immediately took action separately.
Fu Yinghao found a group of loudspeakers used on warships from the Beixiaojie equipment warehouse, and then divided the Huairen Hall auditorium into nine parts, and each area was equipped with a loudspeaker.
From a physiological perspective, the ears of people receive sounds coming from the front. When the sound source is dispersed, the sound will only be transmitted to the human ear after several reflections. In this case, the people in the venue can not only hear the sound from the microphone well, but also minimize the echo.
That night, the group worked hard until late at night, and the nine speakers were finally arranged, and everyone affectionately called it "Nine-headed Bird".
In the morning of the next day, all staff from Zhongnanhai gathered in the hall of Huairen Hall to test the effect of the nine-headed bird.
"Hey..."
Fu Yinghao said the first word to the microphone with a nervous mood. The testers from all corners of the venue raised their hands to signal that the voice was very clear, and the echo problem was almost reduced to the point of negligence.
Seeing this scene, Fu Yinghao jumped up excitedly.
After returning, Fu Yinghao immediately reported the good news to Wang Zheng. Wang Zheng on the other end of the phone was so excited that he couldn't speak. After a while, he said: "I apply to the organization and I will give you a trophy!"
After the nine-headed bird experiment was successful, Fu Yinghao's task was quite relaxed next.
The group brushed the nine horns into gray, and the wires were also covered with hollow tubes. At first glance, it looked like a blooming horn flower .
And just as everyone was lifting their burdens, Premier Zhou suddenly issued another task, requires that not only the noise and echoes cannot be seen when speaking on the stage, but other microphones under the stage must also have the same effect.
Fortunately, with previous experience, everyone is full of confidence in this requirement.
Fu Yinghao and others also adopted the method of breaking the whole into zeros, dividing the telephone switchboard at the conference site into dozens of areas. After the meeting started, the staff from which area spoke, and the staff next to the venue connected the routes in the area to the Jiutoubi.
In this way, the speeches of everyone in the audience can also be clearly spread throughout the venue.
After Fu Yinghao and his group arranged and debugged all the equipment, there were less than three days left before the opening of the CPPCC meeting.
Fortunately, everything was completed without any danger. Afterwards, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China really rewarded them with a silver trophy, with the names of Fu Yinghao and others clearly engraved on it.
"Share the whole into zero" concept has far-reaching influence
Fu Yinghao excellently completed the tasks assigned by Premier Zhou Enlai and was praised by Premier Zhou.
So when the next founding ceremony sound problem encountered difficulties again, the Prime Minister immediately thought of Fu Yinghao.
The founding ceremony will soon welcome 300,000 people. The volume of ordinary speakers cannot radiate to everyone. What should I do?
At the same time, the founding ceremony also prepared live broadcasts. At that time, there was no wireless transmission technology in China. The sound on the Tiananmen Gate Tower could only be amplified by speakers, and then spread to the whole country through the radio station's radio facilities.
So, the task Fu Yinghao took on is even more difficult than that of Huairentang.
Recalling the last method of breaking the whole into zero, Fu Yinghao suddenly thought that he could use this method in reverse.
He welded 9 horns to a metal plate, arranged 3x3 to create a nine-headed bird super horn.
After experiments, the Nine-Headed Bird achieved unprecedented success. The sound on the rostrum can be spread to all corners of Tiananmen Square , and the effect is even a bit "overwhelming".
During the founding ceremony, when Secretary-General Lin Boqu asked Chairman Mao to press the electric button to raise the flag, the staff on the city tower immediately realized that the two sides did not communicate in advance about the button position.
So, a staff member asked in a low voice: "Where is the button?"
both sides began to communicate in a low voice.
Unexpectedly, the microphone on the scene was very sensitive, and coupled with the super amplification effect of the Nine-Headed Bird, this small conversation in was also played out, and even spread throughout the country through the radio. The dialogue between
has also become a very interesting episode in the founding ceremony.
The nine-headed bird invented by Fu Yinghao played an irreplaceable role in several important events before and after the founding of the country, which also became a lifelong experience that Fu Yinghao was proud of.
But what he didn't expect was that Ten years later, the construction of Great Hall of the People once again referenced the creativity of the Nine-Headed Bird.
In August 1958, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued an instruction: build an auditorium that accommodates tens of thousands of people, and the construction of the Great Hall of the People is officially put on the agenda.
According to the initial plan, the Great Hall of the People has a north-south width of 76 meters, an east-west depth of 60 meters, a highest point of 33 meters, and a volume of 86,000 cubic meters.
From an acoustic perspective, if wants to achieve the optimal sound effect, the area occupied by each person is 4-6 cubic meters.
Based on this, it is inferred that the Great Hall of the People, which accommodates tens of thousands of people, should control the volume to 60,000 cubic meters.
But the Great Hall of the People is one of the top ten buildings to present a gift to the tenth anniversary of the National Day. There was no time to carefully consider the sound issue during the construction process.
When acoustic experts realized this problem, the prototype of the Great Hall had been built.
So what should we do next to solve the problem of too large size of the venue?
After thinking about it, someone suddenly mentioned the Huairen Hall of the past.
After approval by the General Office of the Central Committee, they carefully inspected Huairentang's audio design and fully absorbed Fu Yinghao's concept of "breaking the whole into pieces" back then.
After returning, the staff installed a small speaker under each seat in the Great Hall, which really perfectly solved the sound problem of the venue.
The audio design of the Great Hall of the People is a leap in the field of acoustics in New China. Later tests proved that its audio design was very successful.
There were no problems with the subsequent National People's Congress , CPPCC meetings, literary and artistic performances, and the audio facilities of the Great Hall of the People. The two sound source systems created at that time were used for decades.
And behind this, Fu Yinghao's original idea of "breaking the whole into the zero" made an indelible contribution.
Conclusion
Now, the nine-headed bird loudspeaker of the past has long become a cultural relic in the museum.
Based on the current technology in the acoustic field in China, the method of breaking the whole into zero is no longer used.
But under the background of technology and facilities at that time, our ancestors, with their intelligence and talent, successfully completed tasks that seemed impossible to accomplish at that time.
Their spirit of courage to explore and never giving up is always worth learning from.
This spirit is much more precious than the technology and methods themselves.
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