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In 1949, the Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan. Before leaving the mainland, Chiang Kai-shek specially invited Mr. Sun Yat-sen's only son, Sun Ke-hung , to go there.
After repeated thinking, Sun Ke refused Chiang Kai-shek's invitation and did not follow the advice of Soong Ching Ling to stay in the mainland, but instead took his family to the United States.
Time came in 1965. Sun Ke, who had been wandering in a foreign country for more than ten years, still chose to come to Taiwan and defect to Chiang Kai-shek.
So, what exactly caused Sun Ke's two completely different choices? After coming to Taiwan, what kind of life did Sun Ke have in his later years?
unknown Sun Ke,
, was born in Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province in October 1891. He is the eldest son of Mr. Sun Yat-sen and the only son.
As the son of Sun Yat-sen, Sun Ke is destined to embark on a different path in life than ordinary people. In Sun Ke's childhood, although Sun Yat-sen worked hard for the revolutionary cause all day long, he never ignored his teachings to his son.
Under his leadership, Sun Ke also embarked on the revolutionary path. He also served as secretary of the Senate in 1918 and also served as editor of the Guangzhou Times. During the
period, Sun Ke used his research when he was studying in the United States to publish the book "On Urban Planning". Based on the experience of developing Western cities, he put forward his ideas on the planning and development of Guangzhou.
Mr. Sun Yat-sen was very pleased after reading it, but he never provided him with any help in his political journey.
Later, Chen Jiongming , then governor of Guangzhou, rectified the Guangdong region and was committed to building Guangzhou Yangcheng into the most developed city in the south at that time. Therefore, it proposed a relevant urban construction motion to the whole society.
After Sun Ke learned about it, he wrote a draft of the "Guangzhou Interim Treaty", which changed everyone's concept of municipal affairs at that time.
Sun Yat-sen and his son took a photo with a group
Because of this, in the first mayor election of Guangzhou, Sun Ke was strongly recommended by Liao Zhongkai, Hu Hanmin and others, and was finally successfully elected with the approval of Mr. Sun Yat-sen.
From 1921 to 1925, Sun Ke was re-elected as mayor of Guangzhou three times. In addition to municipal reform, he also guided the improvement of private schools, the establishment of vocational education schools, the elimination of illiteracy, and the regular holding of popular speeches and exhibitions.
It can be said that Sun Ke achieved a successful success in his "first show" in politics. He also made some achievements to prove himself to his father.
However, his most eye-catching achievement in the National Government is the work he did during his tenure as the Legislative Yuan.
Sun Ke is a doctoral student in law at Columbia University, so he entered the Legislative Yuan shortly after he stepped down as mayor of Guangzhou.
Sun Ke
In January 1933, the young Sun Ke was promoted to President of the Legislative Yuan and began to formulate the Constitution of the Republic of China.
He organized a team of 40-person legal scholars, which lasted for three years, reviewed 9 times and revised 7 times. Finally, on May 5, 1936, the "Draft Constitution of the Republic of China", also known as the "Book of the Five Five Constitution".
Sun Ke believes that:
"Three Principles of the People need to be guaranteed by the Five Powers Constitution to last long-term stability, and the regime and legal power need to complement each other."
Sun Ke's original intention is to determine certain bourgeois political principles through the constitution, and try to replace the centralized system with a decentralized system to prevent excessive concentration of individual rights.
This proposal has a certain democratic color, but his idea was not accepted by the conservatives of the Kuomintang.
Under the pressure of the power of the ruling group, the Constitution can only be revised repeatedly. When the "Five Five Constitution Draft" was released in , Sun Ke's original intention was no longer there.
During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Sun Ke also advocated anti-Japanese and national salvation. Unlike other people in the National Government, Sun Ke first realized the importance of the peasant class. He put forward many proposals to improve farmers' lives and develop rural economy.
After the war, , the reconstruction of in the northeast region was also very concerned about it, and proposed solutions to how to thoroughly clean up the political institutions, cultural education, public property and other issues left by the Japanese in the northeast.
shows that Sun Ke has performed in politics in his early years, and he is also quite capable, but as the son of Sun Yat-sen, such ability is obviously not enough to satisfy the National Government.
What the National Government needs is a "prince" with great talent and strong leadership.
, but Sun Ke is obviously more outstanding in specific practical ability and does not show any leadership talent. Therefore, the Kuomintang also has mixed praises and criticisms of Sun Ke.
In addition, Sun Ke, who grew up like a star, also has great flaws in his personality.
Chiang Kai-shek
For example, The young master has a temper and a narrow mind , which is also an important reason why he cannot reach a high position. Unfortunately, he himself does not seem to realize this.
Seeing that Mr. Sun Yat-sen gradually entrusted important tasks to Chiang Kai-shek, the other party's reputation in the National Government was getting higher and higher, Sun Ke felt a great imbalance in his heart and he also developed endless hatred for Chiang Kai-shek.
Conflict between Chiang Kai-shek
When "Wang and Chiang broke up", he resolutely stood behind Wang Jingwei ; during the "Chiang and Hu dispute", he strongly supported Hu Hanmin; when the Guangzhou government was established, he joined forces with Wang Jingwei to establish the "anti-Chiang Alliance".
Sun Ke used his practical actions to show that he had long hated Chiang Kai-shek, but unfortunately he was far from capable of overthrowing Chiang Kai-shek.
, and Chiang Kai-shek saw what Sun Ke did, and had already lost patience with him.
Although he still respects him on the surface, he privately criticized Sun Ke for being "despicable, greedy" and "shameless".
Therefore, Sun Ke has long been undermined by Chiang Kai-shek in the National Government and has no real power in his hands. After the War of Resistance began, Sun Ke advocated stopping the civil war, , resisting Japan and saving the nation, and criticized Chiang Kai-shek's proposition that he would first settle the country with passive resistance to Japan and resist foreign countries.
Sun Ke was also shaking his mind on the issue of CCP relations, and this move also attracted Chiang Kai-shek's angrily scolding. , however, in that National Government full of interests and struggles, there is also a relationship of mutual utilization between the two.
In March 1948, Nanjing National Government held the first National Congress of , which was called the presidential election. But the position of president of the National Government is undoubtedly Chiang Kai-shek, and the only suspense is the position of vice president.
At that time, those who participated in the election included Li Zongren , Yu Youren , Cheng Qian, and some non-party members. However, the one with the greatest possibility of being elected was Li Zongren, but this was not what Chiang Kai-shek wanted to see.
Li Zongren has always had disagreements with Chiang Kai-shek. Once he is elected as vice president, it will inevitably have an impact on Chiang Kai-shek's centralized rule.
In order to prevent Li Zongren from successfully running for the election, Chiang Kai-shek began to support Sun Ke, intending to use this to check and balance Li Zongren.
Li Zongren
As Sun Yat-sen's only son, Sun Ke still has a large number of veterans loyally following him within the Kuomintang. It would be fine if Sun Ke was not in his position in the past, but now he is willing to participate in political affairs, so these veterans will naturally support him.
For a moment, Li Zongren was at a disadvantage in the election, trailing Sun Ke by 479 votes in the first vice president nomination.
But when Sun Ke was about to be elected vice president, Li Zongren began to use tricks to expose to the government the ridiculous behaviors of Sun Ke in marriage and having an affair with Shanghai socialites Lanni over the years.
It has to be said that Li Zongren's approach still played a certain role. In the final election on April 29, he defeated Sun Ke by 143 votes and was successfully elected as Vice President of the National Government.
Sun Ke and Lanni
Faced with such a situation, Chiang Kai-shek could only pretend to be a compliment to Li Zongren while pretending to be a "dou who can't be helped."
In October 1948, with the double collapse of Chiang Kai-shek's government in military and economic terms, Sun Ke proposed to try peace talks with the Communist Party , but was criticized by Chiang Kai-shek.
However, after the end of Huaihai Battle , the main force of the Kuomintang army was completely wiped out, and Chiang Kai-shek realized that political action must be taken to delay the PLA's offensive pace.
Therefore, he agreed to Sun Ke's proposal for peace talks and appointed him as the president of the Executive Yuan to preside over the peace talks.
Chiang Kai-shek's move was a result of careful consideration. After all, the situation at that time could no longer allow him to compete with the People's Liberation Army on the front battlefield.
And Sun Ke's identity as the son of Sun Yat-sen, the anti-civil war slogans he has always pursued, and his previous relatively friendly relations with the Communist Party and the Soviet Union.
These will become factors that affect the PLA's battlefield decision-making, and at the same time can also buy time for Chiang Kai-shek's next strategic deployment.
On December 23, Sun Ke sent a peace talks delegation to Yan'an, hoping to talk to the Communist Party.
But these people represent Chiang Kai-shek's interests, and naturally they will not accept the terms of peace talks we proposed, and Sun Ke is unable to make up for it.
Because the two had a rift when they ran for president that year, Sun Ke moved the Executive Yuan to Guangzhou without authorization, forming an opposition with Li Zongren.
Unfortunately, Sun Ke, who had no power, never fought against Li Zongren and submitted his resignation in just three months.
At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek also began to retreat to Taiwan, and most of the senior Kuomintang officials chose to advance and retreat with him, but Sun Ke refused Chiang Kai-shek's invitation.
Sun Ke, who has been immersed in politics for many years, has long seen Chiang Kai-shek's original appearance. He knows that even if he goes to Taiwan, he is just a puppet of Chiang Kai-shek.
After quarreling with Lao Jiang for so many years, it would be better to break off the contact with him, which can be considered a thorough understanding of this grudge. Moreover, years of political struggles have already made him physically and mentally exhausted. At this moment, he just wants to stay away from politics and Chiang Kai-shek.
So, where should Sun Ke, who has left the National Government, go?
Half a lifetime wandering and returning to Taiwan
March 12, 1949, this day was the 24th anniversary of Mr. Sun Yat-sen's death. While Sun Ke recalled the little things about his past with his father, he was anxiously waiting for the phone call from Ms. Soong Ching Ling.
At 9 am, the phone ringing rang in the room.
"Hey, hello madam, I am Zhesheng."
"Zhesheng, I'm talking to you to know what your plans are next? The Kuomintang members are going their separate ways. Where are you going?"
Seeing that Sun Ke had not answered for a long time, Soong Ching Ling persuaded: "Zhesheng, I suggest you stay in the mainland, and I will be responsible for negotiating with the CCP for everything. With your actions over the years, the Communist Party will properly place you."
"Madam, let me think twice..."
" Sun Ke hung up the phone and could not make a judgment for a long time.
Soong Ching Ling took a photo with Sun Ke and his wife and others
Unfortunately, he finally chose to move to the United States for his concern for the future, chose to settle down, After all, his children all live in the United States.
However, the US government did not know Sun Ke’s position at this time and did not agree to his entry passport immediately. The desperate Sun Ke and his wife had to travel to France for a while.
In 1952, Sun Ke and his wife came to the United States and lived in the homes of their two daughters. was cut off from the Kuomintang, and Sun Ke also cut off his source of life. Even the tickets to the United States were sold for houses.
In those years of living in the United States, Sun Ke and his wife had no fixed income and rely entirely on their children to help them.After saving money for a few years, he collected the down payment for the loan to sell the house, and then he had a place to settle down.
However, Sun Ke never could adapt to this kind of poor life. In the past, he never worried about life. After he arrived in the United States, he had to do everything himself, and his quality of life was greatly reduced.
During the years of living in the United States, Sun Ke has also been paying attention to domestic affairs, especially Chiang Kai-shek's trends.
After a long time, Sun Ke gradually felt homesick and began to feel regretful about his refusal to reject Chiang Kai-shek's proposal to retreat to Taiwan.
But it is not easy to regret now. His behavior of going to the United States back then was tantamount to "betrayal" the Kuomintang.
Now that I want to go back, what will Taiwan think about it? Can Chiang Kai-shek accept him? Even if you want to go back, what kind of name do you have to do?
One by one, one difficult problem lingers in Sun Ke’s mind, making him unable to make up his mind to return to Chiang Kai-shek for a long time.
Until 1962, Taiwan legislator Liu Chongling, a Taiwanese legislator, intentionally or unintentionally, proposed to Chiang Kai-shek:
"Recently, Mr. Sun missed his old friends in Taiwan quite a bit and often expressed his homesickness."
As soon as this statement was made, Sun Ke's old subordinates within the Kuomintang stood up and expressed their welcome to Sun Ke's return.
At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek also agreed to Sun Ke's return, after all, the Taiwanese authorities were clamoring to "counterattack the mainland."
Although Sun Ke's arrival cannot have practical effects, his identity as Sun Yat-sen's son has some weight and can also cheer up the Kuomintang.
Sun Ke and Chiang Kai-shek met in Taiwan
In October 1965, after a long period of communication, Sun Ke finally boarded the plane back to Taiwan and landed successfully at Taiwan Songshan Airport on the 29th.
In order to express his welcome, thousands of celebrities and political leaders from Taiwan gathered at the airport, and even Jiang Ching-kuo came to greet him in person.
That night, Sun Ke said in an interview:
"This time I returned to Taiwan to participate in the commemoration of my father's 100th birthday, and also met with relatives and friends who have been away for many years."
But this is just an excuse. Sun Ke has long been preparing to stay in Taiwan to live, and he has had enough of the poverty life in the United States.
The next day, Sun Ke met with Chiang Kai-shek accompanied by Chiang Ching-kuo. Chiang Kai-shek specially set up a luncheon to entertain Sun Ke. During the meal, both of them tacitly avoided the unpleasant past events in the past.
Chiang Kai-shek understood the reason for Sun Ke's return this time, and also knew that he had no threat to him now, so he did not make things difficult for Sun Ke.
Sun Ke's heart was also like a mirror. He knew that Chiang Kai-shek wanted to squeeze out his last bit of identity value, but he no longer cared about it. Now Sun Ke only wanted to return to his old master-like life.
For purposes of this purpose, Sun Ke's trip was undoubtedly a success.
Sun Ke
, who returned to Taiwan, was warmly welcomed by all walks of life, and he was invited to attend every day with banquets, speeches, unveilings and ribbon cutting.
During this period, Sun Ke's life every day was like a celebrity performance, and he kept rushing around everywhere, and he himself enjoyed it.
On November 12, 1966, the "Commemorative Conference Celebrating the Centenary of Sun Yat-sen's Birth" was held in Taipei. As the son of Sun Yat-sen, Sun Ke delivered a speech unswervingly. At this time, his reputation and fame in Taiwan also reached its peak.
But Sun Ke is now no longer the same as before. Even in such an environment, he did not have any idea of seizing power with Chiang Kai-shek. Instead, he said in many public occasions: " Jiang Zhongzheng is my father's best successor."
Sun Ke memorial service
This statement touched Chiang Kai-shek's heart, so Sun Ke was quickly appointed as the president of the Examination Institute. I worked in the Examination Institute for the rest of my life.
At 5 pm on September 13, 1973, 83-year-old Sun Ke reached the end of his life and died of illness at Taipei Veterans Hospital.
On September 28, the Kuomintang held a grand memorial service and farewell ceremony for Sun Ke.
Soong Mei-ling . Chiang Ching-kuo attended the funeral on behalf of Chiang Kai-shek, and a group of Kuomintang veterans came to see him off in person.
Conclusion
As Mr. Sun Yat-sen's only son, Sun Ke has been on his head since he was born, but this also puts great pressure on him.
Although Sun Ke is not as talented and stubborn as Mr. Sun Yat-sen, he is also thoughtful and motivated. However, he did not resist the temptation of power and fought against Chiang Kai-shek for more than ten years.
In the second half of his life, Sun Ke, who could not bear the hard life, returned to Taiwan. Although he was able to die in a good life, he left a lot of criticisms to the outside world and future generations.
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