Editor's note: The important proposition of "upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership" mainly involves relevant theoretical issues in four aspects: the "three most" major propositions clarify the Party's overall leadership position at the cognitive level, reveal

Editor's note: The important proposition of "upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership" mainly involves relevant theoretical issues in four aspects: the "three most" major propositions clarify the Party's overall leadership position at the cognitive level, revealing the extreme importance of upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership in the new era; the major proposition of "the Party leads everything" proposes at the practical level that the Party's overall leadership must be integrated into all fields, aspects and links, revealing the specific requirements for upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership in the new era; the major proposition of "taking overall situation and coordinating all parties" proposes the path of the Party's overall leadership at the operational level, revealing the methodology of upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership in the new era; the major proposition of "upholding and improving the Party's leadership system" proposes the institutional requirements of upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership at the main level, revealing the system of overall leadership in the new era. Upholding and strengthening the Party’s overall leadership in the new era is neither to completely deny the “Party’s unified leadership” nor to return to the old path, but to adhere to the principle of adhering to the truth and innovation, improve the Party’s leadership system, and ensure that the Party’s governance is more effective.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has put forward the important conclusion of "upholding and strengthening the party's overall leadership", which mainly involves related theoretical issues in four aspects. First, the "three most" major conclusions have clarified the Party's overall leadership position at the cognitive level and revealed the extreme importance of upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership in the new era. Second, the major conclusion on "the Party leads everything" has proposed to integrate the Party's overall leadership into all fields, aspects and links at the practical level, revealing the specific requirements for upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership in the new era. Third, the major conclusion of "taking overall charge and coordinating all parties" put forward the general requirements for the Party's overall leadership at the operational level, revealing the methodology of how to uphold and strengthen the Party's overall leadership in the new era. Fourth, the major conclusion of "upholding and improving the Party's leadership system" put forward the institutional requirements of upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership at the main level, revealing that the Party's overall leadership must be guaranteed in the form of a system in the new era. Some of these four aspects were raised for the first time, and some were re-emphasized the past proposals, but they gave new connotations of the times and enriched and developed the Party’s leadership thought. Careful study of these four issues will help deepen the understanding of the important proposition of "upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership" and is of great significance to upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership in the new era.

1. The "three bests" reveals the extreme importance of upholding and strengthening the party's overall leadership in the new era

The "three mosts" major conclusions, profoundly revealing the relationship between the party's leadership and the socialism with Chinese characteristics , pointing out that there is an inseparable internal consistency between the two, and clarifying the party's overall leadership position at the cognitive level. These statements deepen the understanding of the nature of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the superiority of the socialist system and the political attributes of the Party’s leadership, and clarify the reasons for upholding and strengthening the Party’s overall leadership in the new era.

(I) Deepen the understanding of socialism with Chinese characteristics

The first "most" refers to "the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China." This conclusion is an innovative summary based on the great practice of the new era. It scientifically positions the relationship between the Party’s leadership and socialism with Chinese characteristics, distinguishes the “most essential” from the “general essence”, so that people can quickly grasp the key points, clarify the relationship and grasp the key points.

First, the Communist Party of China is the leading force of socialism with Chinese characteristics. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "China's greatest national conditions are the leadership of the Communist Party of China. What is Chinese characteristics? This is Chinese characteristics." On the one hand, socialism with Chinese characteristics was pioneered by the Communist Party of China. As early as the 1950s, our party began to explore the arduous and independent exploration of Chinese socialism.At the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party solemnly proposed the proposition of "going its own way and building socialism with Chinese characteristics", opening up a path of socialist development with Chinese characteristics. On the other hand, the Communist Party of China has always adhered to its leadership over reform and opening up. As early as the beginning of reform and opening up, our party proposed to adhere to both reform and opening up and the four basic principles, and made it clear that "upholding the leadership of the Party" is the core of ", the four basic principles ". It is precisely because of the Party’s leadership that reform and opening up have the right direction and socialism with Chinese characteristics can be promoted smoothly.

Second, the most essential characteristics determine and restrict other essential content. Since the reform and opening up, our party’s understanding of the essence of socialism has been deepened, and its greatest theoretical contribution is the proposal of the theory of essential socialism. In practice, our party has clearly realized that the essential content of socialism also includes public ownership, democracy and rule of law, spiritual civilization, people-oriented, etc. However, these essential socialist contents can only be reflected and displayed under the leadership of our party. In other words, the leadership of the Party determines the essential content of other socialism, and the leadership of the Party is the inner prescribed at the highest level of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

3, earnestly learn from the experience and lessons about the leadership of the Party in the World Socialist Movement . This experience and lessons mainly come from two aspects: one is to learn from the lessons of the former Sudong socialist country that the failure of reform and the collapse of the political party due to the abandonment of the leadership of the Communist Party; the other is to summarize the experience and lessons learned from our party on the leadership of the party since its in power. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has clearly proposed that the Party’s overall leadership must be upheld and strengthened, so as to achieve the correctness and keep pace with the times on the Party’s leadership issues, and ensure the consolidation and strengthening of the Party’s overall leadership.

(II) Deepen the understanding of the greatest advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics

The second "most" refers to "the greatest advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China." This statement profoundly reveals the greatest advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics different from other social systems. Among the significant advantages of my country's national system and national governance system, "adhering to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party" ranks first, which is in line with China's reality. The Party’s leadership advantages are mainly reflected in the following contents.

One of them, our party has super organizational and mobilization capabilities. The biggest drawback of the Western party system is that there are serious mutual constraints and even conflicts between different parties. In China, the Party’s centralized and unified leadership has the significant advantage of “adhering to the whole country’s chess game, mobilizing the enthusiasm of all parties, and concentrating efforts on major tasks”, thereby avoiding bad phenomena such as political party disputes, political group bias, and political manipulation of a few “elites”, and avoiding the common phenomena of “veto political systems” and “polarized politics” in Western party systems.

Secondly, our party has the determination to strategic planning and the efficiency of decision-making and execution. Our Party advocates hard work to build the country. Under the centralized and unified leadership of our Party, our country can formulate plans to ensure the long-term development of the country and maintain the stability and continuity of national development, without short-sightedness caused by political party changes in Western countries. For major issues that are related to the long-term development of the country, our country can achieve "draw a blueprint to the end". For example, our party has been able to implement the "three-step" strategy established in the 20th century until today and lead the Chinese nation towards great rejuvenation. In contrast, some so-called Western democratic countries are more "working one term apart" or even "working one term against another". This kind of political determination of our party is difficult for Western political parties to achieve.

Thirdly, our party has the most distinctive character and greatest advantage of being brave enough to revolutionize . Our Party has made mistakes, but unlike other political parties, our Party can always uphold the truth, correct mistakes, and insist on leading the great social revolution with great self-revolution.In addition, our party also has its own unique practices and advantages in the training and selection of leading cadres. For example, the national leadership achieves orderly replacement in accordance with the law, pays attention to the grassroots training and practical training of leading members, and institutionally avoids the phenomenon of electing populist leaders, rich spokespersons or mediocre politicians.

(III) Deepen the understanding of the party's leadership and political leadership status

The third "most" refers to "the party is the highest political leadership force." This statement clearly declares the political attributes and political status of the Party’s leadership. In today's China, the Communist Party of China is the helmsman of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the leader in governing the country. No other political party organization or political force has a political status comparable to our party.

The leadership of the Party is strongly political. The biggest difference from ordinary management organizations and institutions is that the first thing a political party needs to answer is the question of "what flag a country holds and what path it takes", which is determined by the political attributes of the political party. Political leadership grasps work in a macro-to-holistic direction, while management is a work in the specific operational link; leadership is achieved through management, and management is management under leadership.

The leadership of the Party has the highest authority. "In today's China, there is no political force or other force greater than the Communist Party of China." First, emphasizing "the highest" is a quantitative expression of the party's absolute leadership authority. As the ruling Marxist party, the Communist Party of China is the highest political leadership force. Second, when other political forces play a political role, they must be politically consistent with the Communist Party of China and consciously accept the leadership of the Communist Party of China. Third, specifically proposing that "the Party is the highest political leadership force" is conducive to upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership in practice.

Therefore, "The Communist Party of China is the ruling party, and the leadership of the party is the fundamental guarantee for doing a good job in all aspects of the party and the country. It is the fundamental point of our country's political stability, economic development, national unity and social stability. We must never waver it at all." We must uphold the Party's overall leadership and prevent the phenomenon of doing our own things.

2. "The Party Leads Everything" reveals the specific requirements for upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership in the new era

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that "the Party, government, military, civilians, education, east, west, south, north and middle, the Party leads everything", and lists this article as the first of the "Four Basic Strategies". "The Party leads everything" can be expressed as "the Party leads everything". The conclusion that "the Party leads everything" proposes at the practical level that the Party's overall leadership must be integrated into all fields, aspects and links, which is the implementation and implementation of the Party's overall leadership at the practical level.

(I) "The Party Leads Everything" is the development and sublimation of "the Party and the Separation of Party and the Separation of Party and the Separation of Party and the Separation of Party and the Separation of Party and the Separation of Party and the Separation of Party and the Separation of Party and the Separation of Party and the Separation of Party and the Separation of Party and the Separation of Party and the Separation of Party and the In the new era, our party emphasizes that "the party leads everything" and no longer follows the two terms "the party's unified leadership" and "separation of the party and government". This is because although both have achieved certain results in practice, they have some disadvantages.

On the one hand, the term "the Party's unified leadership" itself is not wrong. The starting point is to strengthen the Party's centralized and unified leadership, but some problems do arise in practice. Under the specific historical conditions at that time, the main problem brought about by the implementation of the "Party's unified leadership" was that the fundamental problem of "what is socialism and how to build socialism" was not understood, and major mistakes were made in understanding the main social contradictions at the stage at that time, which resulted in the party's power being too centralized and inseparable from the party and government, and the party's "leadership" became the party's "management".In this regard, Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "Under the slogan of strengthening the Party's unified leadership, all power is inappropriately and unanalyzed. The power of the Party committee is often concentrated on several secretary, especially the first secretary, and everything must be led and decided. The Party's unified leadership often becomes personal leadership." It can be seen that Deng Xiaoping did not deny the "party unified leadership", but only criticized the disadvantages caused by the "party unified leadership" in the implementation. These disadvantages are manifested in turning "party unified leadership" into "party manages everything", "party takes charge of everything", and even "personal leadership". On this basis, Deng Xiaoping profoundly pointed out that the reason for these drawbacks is that there is a problem with the leadership system of the Party and the country, so the leadership system of the Party and the country needs to be reformed.

On the other hand, adhering to "the party leads everything" is not contradictory to "separation of the party and the government". When dealing with the relationship between the Party and the government, Mao Zedong put forward the conclusion of "the Party's unified leadership" very early. His real idea is not to "replace government with the Party", but to hope that the Party can lead major and principled matters that are related to the overall situation. This is also in line with the working method of combining , two-point theory, and key theory that Mao Zedong has always emphasized. Zhou Enlai's understanding of this is, "We say that the Party leads everything, which means that the Party must manage major policies, policies, and plans, which means that the Party can lead all departments, not that the Party must manage everything. As for specific business, the Party should not interfere." But in practice, due to insufficient understanding and lack of experience, the issue of using the Party to replace politics has indeed arisen. Based on the summary of experience, in the 1980s, our party proposed the "separation of the party and government" political system reform. During this period, due to the fact that a few people unilaterally copied and copied Western political theories and talked about "separation of the party and government" without mentioning the leadership of the party, the result was that the mistakes such as "party-government confrontation" occurred in practice, which led to serious weakening of the party's leadership in fact, greatly damaging the party's leadership authority, and the development of government work was also greatly affected. This is obviously contrary to the reform goal of correctly handling the relationship between the Party and the government and improving the Party’s leadership.

Obviously, "the party leads everything" does not mean "the party manages everything". The main body of "the Party leads everything" is the political party, the key is leadership, especially good at leadership; "the Party manages everything" is the direct manager of the alienation of the political party into a state administrative affairs. At the same time, "dividing up labor between the party and the government" does not mean "dividing up family between the party and the government". The Constitution clearly stipulates that the Communist Party of China is the leader of the country and the government is the manager of the country. This clearly distinguishes the functions of party organizations and government agencies. Separation of the Party and the government refers to the separation and division of labor between the Party and the government, not mutual opposition or separation. Therefore, the current proposal of "the Party leads everything" is an inheritance and transcendence of the past understanding of "the Party's unified leadership" and "separation of the Party and the government", and is to prevent and avoid the "excessive" deviations that have occurred in the first two.

(II) The new era connotation of "the Party leads everything"

In the new era, our party put forward the political requirement of "the Party leads everything", which has new era connotation. On the premise of upholding the Party's leadership, the Party and the government should scientifically position and each take its own responsibilities. The conclusion that the Party leads everything answers three major questions.

First, it clarifies the boundaries of the Party’s leadership and answers the question “What does everything mean”. Regarding the content and responsibilities of "everything", "the Party leads everything" mainly explains the scope of the Party's overall leadership. The "everything" here refers to "all work", which not only includes all aspects and fields horizontally, but also the entire process and link vertically. In other words, in terms of spatial dimension, the Party’s leadership must achieve full coverage, and the Party’s overall leadership “must be reflected in all aspects of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction, ecological civilization construction, national defense and military, national reunification, diplomatic work, party building and other aspects.” In the time dimension, the Party’s leadership must be realized in the entire process and in all aspects.The Party’s leadership is continuous in the time dimension. At any time, conditions, or situation, we must adhere to the Party’s leadership over all work, and ensure that the Party’s leadership implements the entire process of governing the country, “whether the link is missing or weakened, it will weaken the Party’s strength and damage the cause of the Party and the country.”

Second, clarifying the party's leadership method , answering the question "how to lead everything". Regarding the way of leading everything, we cannot simply talk about the separation of the party and the government or the unity of the party and the government. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "To handle the relationship between the Party and the government well, we must first uphold the Party's leadership, and under this general premise, each has its own division of labor." "The Party leads everything" mainly refers to political leadership. It is by no means the Party replaces all other organizations and institutions. It is by no means taking over the world and conquering the world. Instead, it is necessary to focus its main energy on setting the direction, planning the overall situation, formulating policies, selecting cadres, and promoting reform.

Third, it clarifies the party’s collective leadership principle and answers the question “who leads everything”. Regarding the main body of leading everything, it is emphasized that the Party’s overall leadership is organizational leadership and collective leadership. We must prevent the phenomenon of confusion between the collective leadership of the Party Committee and excessive concentration of power on individuals, and avoid the “top leader” in "the family and the world" and "one-man rule". General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "The Party organization cannot be equated with individual leading cadres. Being loyal to the Party is not loyal to the individual leading cadres. You cannot engage in personal dependence within the Party." In other words, the Party is an organized collective, and the Party's overall leadership is not the individual leadership of leading cadres. You cannot abuse the Party's authority and engage in individual leadership that is free from the supervision of the people.

3. "Take the overall situation and coordinate all parties" reveals the methodology of upholding and strengthening the party's overall leadership in the new era

"Take the overall situation and coordinate all parties". It was first proposed at the Seventh Plenary Session of the 12th Central Committee of the Party. It is an important principle for our party to improve the party's leadership style and the governing style of . It put forward the general requirements for the party's overall leadership at the operational level. Since our party is the ruling party, this position determines that it is of special significance to handle the relationship between the party and the regime well. "Taking the overall situation and coordinating all parties" accurately summarizes the goals that should be pursued in upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership, and is the ideal state that our Party hopes to achieve when playing its core role. In this regard, General Secretary Xi Jinping vividly pointed out: "A prominent feature of the superiority of my country's socialist political system is that the Party takes overall charge of the overall situation and coordinates all parties. It is vividly said that "the stars support the moon". This "moon" is the Communist Party of China."

(I) "Take overall charge of the overall situation and coordinates all parties" has rich connotations

In the national governance system, the Communist Party of China occupies a core position. " Party Constitution " stipulates: "The Party must play a leading role in various organizations at the same level in accordance with the principle of taking overall charge and coordinating all parties." This is the concretization of the Party's principle of overall leadership in the new era, indicating that our Party's understanding of the laws of governance has been deepened.

"takes overall control and coordinates all parties", indicating that the Party's leadership plays a role of "leading" and "grasping the overall" and cannot be equated with general management. Among them: taking overall responsibility means that party organizations at all levels focus on major issues that are strategic, overall and forward-looking in all areas and aspects in accordance with the requirements of "taking overall responsibility but not taking overall responsibility", effectively implement the party's political leadership, ideological leadership and organizational leadership, and ensure that the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program, basic program, , and basic strategies are implemented. Coordinating all parties means that party organizations at all levels should organize and coordinate the relationships and work between organizations at the same level in accordance with the requirements of "coordination but not taking care of", support them to carry out their work in accordance with the law, play their own roles, and form a working synergy.

"Total overall situation" and "coordinate all parties" are unified organic wholes, and the two cannot be simply divided. "Consolidate the overall situation" is the goal and basic direction of "coordinate all parties"; "coordinate all parties" is the basic means and important foundation of "consolidate the overall situation".The principle of "taking overall charge and coordinating all parties" determines the role and reform of other specific leadership systems, which is out of date now and will not be out of date in the future.

(II) Exploration on implementing the Party’s overall leadership in accordance with the principle of “taking overall leadership in all aspects and coordinating all parties”

New era, our Party has mainly conducted the following explorations on how to implement the Party’s overall leadership in accordance with the principle of “taking overall leadership in all aspects and coordinating all parties”.

First, it is proposed that adhering to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the prerequisite for "taking the overall situation and coordinating all parties". The centralized and unified leadership of the Party is in line with the principle of "four obediences" in democratic centralism and is a major leadership principle of a mature Marxist ruling party. The centralized and unified leadership of the Party must be achieved through a strict party organizational system, which requires that the Party’s organization must maintain a high degree of rigor and must have a leadership core supported by the whole Party and a mature guiding ideology to achieve the goal of uniting the whole Party. Entering the new era, our party proposed that the core essence of upholding the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is to firmly support " two establish " and resolutely implement " two maintain ".

The second is to propose to improve the system and mechanism of "taking overall charge and coordinating all parties". In terms of leadership system, the focus is to improve the overall leadership system and straighten out the relationship between the Party’s organization and the government and other organizations. Party committees at all levels should focus on the direction, discuss major issues, and manage the overall situation, so as to truly achieve "overall responsibility but not take charge" and "coordination does not replace". At the same time, party organizations at all levels should support and ensure that organizations at the same level carry out their work and play their role in accordance with their respective functions. In terms of working mechanism, it is necessary to establish and improve a working mechanism for classified promotion, and party committees at all levels will promote it according to work categories; it is necessary to improve the working mechanism that combines collective leadership and division of responsibilities of the leadership team to form an overall team joint force.

Third, it is proposed to give full play to the core leadership role of "taking overall charge and coordinating all parties". Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has proposed to implement the Party’s leadership in all fields, aspects and links, and strive to play the role of the Party in setting the direction, planning the overall situation, formulating policies, and promoting reform. To set the direction means to focus on the direction, discuss major issues, and manage the overall situation. We must regard the realization of socialist modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation as our realistic mission and political responsibility to ensure the correct political direction. To plan the overall situation means to consciously put the work in the overall situation to think, position and layout, and continuously enhance the scientificity, systematicity and foresight of the work. To formulate policies means to make various policy decisions and plan measures in line with reality, be able to solve practical problems, and strive to make scientific decisions, democratic decisions, and law-based decisions. To promote reform, we must focus on the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform, vigorously promote the spirit of reform and innovation and the spirit of self-revolution, and combine upholding the truth and innovation.

Fourth, it is proposed to "take overall charge and coordinate all parties" to focus on using the rule of law thinking and rule of law methods to govern according to law. In the new era, our Party proposed to "take overall charge and coordinate all parties", we must be good at using the rule of law thinking and the rule of law methods to promote work, and be good at elevating the Party's correct propositions to the national will through legal forms. We must ensure that the Party acts within the scope of the Constitution and the law, and we cannot regard the rule of law as a foil, and we must not regard the rule of law as an optional tool and means. We must promote the Party’s leadership over all work on the track of the rule of law.

4. "Adhere to and improve the system of the Party's leadership" reveals the institutional requirements for upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership in the new era

The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party , our party put forward the new concept of "Party Leadership System" for the first time in history, and put forward the institutional requirements for upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership at the main level. This is a great creation to strengthen the Party's leadership. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has pioneered the concept of "party leadership system", marking that the construction of the party's leadership system has entered a new stage.

(I) The concept of "Party Leadership System"

The Party's leadership system is an organic whole, scientifically integrating the various Party leadership systems, with systematic, open and comprehensive characteristics, and can effectively avoid fragmentation, centrifugation and other phenomena of the Party's leadership system. The value and significance of strengthening the construction of the Party’s leadership system lies in three aspects.

First, it helps to lead the development and improvement of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. The leadership of the Party runs through all components of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, adheres to and improves the Party’s leadership system, optimizes the Party’s leadership structure at the institutional level, which is conducive to enhancing and improving the Party’s leadership ability, and also lays an important foundation for the maturity and finalization of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics.

Second, it helps to enrich and develop the Marxist party leadership theory. In terms of institutional composition, it not only clearly defines the specific content and internal structure of the Party’s leadership systems, but also forms an organic whole with rich content and mutual connection. In terms of institutional implementation, the Party’s leadership system stipulates the path to achieve “the Party leads everything”, and through various specific systems, a systematic and comprehensive implementation plan and institutional framework have been formulated to uphold “the Party leads everything”. In terms of institutional guarantee, it provides institutional conditions for the Party to set the right direction for the new era, build social consensus, and make major decisions.

Third, it helps to consolidate and enhance the core advantages of the Party’s leadership. In contemporary China, upholding and strengthening the Party’s overall leadership is a main line throughout the national governance system. The Party’s leadership system provides an action guide for strengthening road advantages and enhancing road confidence in the new era, which is conducive to promoting the more standardized and scientific work of the Party’s leadership.

(II) The logic of various systems of the Party’s leadership system

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party proposed the “six systems” of the Party’s leadership system, revealing the main components of the Party’s leadership system, covering the goals, motivation, capabilities, and ways of building the Party’s leadership system, and scientifically interpreting the theme of “What kind of Party leadership system to build and how to build the Party’s leadership system” in the new era. The functions of the "six systems" have their own focus. After integration, and 's respective functions can be fully and comprehensively exerted, providing a clear and specific "roadmap" for the scientific construction of the Party's leadership system in the new era.

First, the system of not forgetting the original aspiration and keeping the mission in mind mainly solves the value concepts of the whole Party that must adhere to the nature and purpose of the Party. It is the ideological and value basis for building a leadership system. In the Party’s leadership system, this system plays a fundamental role in the deep level of thought and value, providing value guidance and political foundation for the last five systems.

Secondly, firmly safeguarding the system of authority of the Party Central Committee and centralized and unified leadership, mainly solving the problem of the Party's unity and unity, is the highest organizational principle for building a leadership system. Only by improving the system of safeguarding the authority of the Party Central Committee and centralized and unified leadership can the whole Party be united and firmly united, and form a tremendous force to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

Thirdly, the Party’s overall leadership system is mainly to solve the relationship between Party organizations at all levels and other organizations such as governments at the same level. It is the core goal of building a leadership system. Through the reform of the Party and state institutions, we must give full play to the Party’s core leadership role in taking overall charge and coordinating all parties, implement the Party’s leadership in all areas, aspects and links of governing the country, and establish and improve the Party’s specific systems.

Fourth, governing for the people and relying on the people's governance system, mainly solving the fundamental position of the Party's leadership, and is the fundamental purpose and fundamental way to build a leadership system. Through this system construction, we will ensure that our party firmly stands on the people's side and prevent the danger of deviating from the party and the people.

Fifth, improving the party’s governing ability and leadership level system, mainly solving the problem of whether the party can achieve long-term leadership and long-term governance, is the basic focus of building a leadership system. To improve this system, we must strengthen the construction of our party’s governing capacity, improve the ability to govern scientifically, democratically and in accordance with the law, and transform the advantages of the party’s leadership system into governing effectiveness.

The sixth, comprehensive and strict governance of the party system, mainly solves the problem of the unity of the party's leadership and the party organization organism, and is an organizational guarantee for building a leadership system. We must adhere to the Party’s management and comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, and be brave in self-revolution, always maintain advanced nature and purity, and lay the organizational foundation for the Party’s overall leadership.

In summary, although there is only the word "system" added to the Party's leadership system, it shows that the Party's understanding of the importance of the leadership system has qualitatively leap. In the past, the concept of the Party’s leadership system was generally used at the level of cadre system, organizational system, work style system and work system, and was not used at the level of the Party’s leadership “system system”. Now, the leadership of the Party is a "institutional system", which has enhanced the commanding position of "party leadership" in the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. The "six systems" contained in it are clear in goals, reasonable in layout, rich in content, each with emphasis and mutual support, providing institutional supply and guarantee for upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership, indicating that our Party's understanding of upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership has been improved to a new level.

5. Conclusion

"Three Bests" emphasize the importance of the Party's overall leadership and reflect the general requirements of the Party's overall leadership; "The Party leads everything" is the concretization of the Party's overall leadership and the practical requirements of the implementation of the Party's overall leadership; taking overall charge of the overall leadership and coordinating all parties is the action of the Party's overall leadership, and the leadership style and governance style; the Party's leadership system is an important guarantee for the Party's overall leadership, and the purpose is to achieve the institutionalization and standardization of the Party's overall leadership.

Through the important research on "upholding and strengthening the Party's leadership" since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we can give us profound inspiration: in the new era, the Party's overall leadership can only be strengthened, not weakened. We propose "the Party's overall leadership" and "the Party leads everything". We do not mean to completely deny the "Party's unified leadership" and "separation of the Party and the government", nor to return to the old path, but to actively explore specific paths to build a new type of relationship between the Party and state power organs and other political organizations. To uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership means to adhere to the principle of upholding the truth and innovating, correctly treat the valuable experience accumulated in the past on Party leadership issues, implement the principle of “taking overall charge and coordinating all parties”, improve the Party’s leadership system, and effectively ensure the Party’s overall leadership over the country and society, and ensure that the Party’s governance is more effective.

References:

[1] Xi Jinping, "Decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and winning the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era - Report at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China", People's Publishing House, 2017 edition.

[2] "Constitution of the Communist Party of China", People's Publishing House, 2017 edition.

[3] Xi Jinping, "On Upholding the Party's Leadership over All Work", Central Documents Publishing House, 2019 edition.

[4] "Compilation of Documents of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China", People's Publishing House, 2019 edition.

[5] "Resolution on Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party's Centennial Struggle", People's Publishing House, 2021 edition.

[6] Volume 4 of "Xi Jinping: The Governance of China", 2022 edition of Foreign Languages ​​Publishing House.

(Author: Dai Lixing, professor and doctoral supervisor at the University of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and researcher at the Institute of Marxism, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Source: "Marxism Research" Issue 8, 2022)