Author: Sasha
This article is original by Sasha. Any media is not allowed to reprint
What was the relationship between officials and officials in ancient times? The relationship between the master and the dog-legged one: Sasha Q&A Episode 146
In summary, it is the difference between within and outside the system.
They depend on each other and no one can do without each other.
The so-called official is an administrative official who was officially appointed by the court through the imperial examination or other means.
In ancient times, these people were called court officials and were symbols of the court. It is a very serious matter if the court orders officials to be killed or humiliated.
Usually assassinating imperial officials, even county officials at the bottom are considered to be guilty of a serious crime. Both the assassin and the mastermind were beheaded, and the male members of the family were exiled to the frontier to work, and their wives and daughters became official slaves.
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, officials with high assassination levels would often be sentenced to the cruelest torture of Lingchi.
This is not to say that the officials themselves are of great significance, but because the assassin is equivalent to challenging the authority of the court.
After the Qin and Han dynasties, the officials were completely different from those of the officials.
The threshold for becoming an official is very high. You often have to pass the imperial examination system to pass five levels and kill six generals, and work hard to achieve your goal.
Basically, those who are officials in the imperial examination are all super academic masters and are not ordinary people at all.
The threshold for officials is relatively low. First, they are elected by recommendations. Often, officials recommend a group of subordinates themselves to be officials. Generally speaking, as long as the recommender has face, the official can successfully get promoted; second, he will become an official through the exam, similar to today's civil servant exam , but the difficulty cannot be compared with the imperial examination. Generally, as long as you are literate, understand the laws, and have a quick mind, you can pass the exam and become an official.
Sui and Tang , the status of officials was very low. The court did not pay any salary to officials, or just gave very low salary.
Many officials are hired by officials themselves and are members of their work team. In order to support the family, officials often do evil and harm good people, so they have a very bad reputation.
The status of these officials among the people is the lowest class, and is not much better than beggars, prostitutes, and actors.
Many scholars would rather be poor for a lifetime than be an official. They would rather have a reputation for being innocent and eat a clean meal.
So, why is the official awesome? Because he is within the system.
Why is the official who is thousands of miles worse than the official in all aspects, because he is outside the system.
This is very empty. Let’s take a look at Jia Yucun and Menzi in " Dream of Red Mansions ".
What is a gate? He is not a servant who guards the door, but a servant who serves the officials in the government office.
At that time, the officials of the county government were three classes and six rooms.
Class 3 refers to soap, strong and fast classes, all of which are subordinate; Six-room refers to the official room, household room, ritual room, military room, punishment room, and workshop room, all of which are clerk .
In short, the Zaoban is the role of the Menzi.
soap class is what we saw in the movie, standing on both sides of the lobby holding water and fire stick . They are mainly responsible for maintaining order in the church, conducting punishments, acting as guards of honor, etc.
So in Dream of Red Mansions, when Jia Yucun went to the hall to catch Xue Pan, the door could immediately wink and he stood in the lobby.
strong class is similar to today's armed police, responsible for patrol, security and prison management of the county government. If any thief attacks the county government and prison, the squad will come forward to fight. The officer can only use the fox to pretend to be powerful and has no combat power.
fast shift is the constable that everyone knows. It is similar to the criminal police who is in charge of tracking and arresting criminals, and collecting evidence.
Official houses, household houses, ritual houses, military houses, punishment houses, and workshops are all administrative agencies of the county government, which is similar to today's county government.
The official room is responsible for managing the promotion and remediation of officials in the county, the appointment letter, the attendance in the county yamen, and the management of gentry.
households are responsible for managing the civil affairs and finances of the county, including taxation, grain collection and corvee labor.
Etiquette Room is responsible for holding imperial examinations, holidays and large-scale sacrifices.
The military room is responsible for recruiting strong men and training village warriors, and cooperate with superior troops to suppress bandits if necessary.
Criminal Room is responsible for assisting in the trial of cases and maintaining and inspecting the daily work of the prison.
Workshop is responsible for the construction and maintenance of government projects in the county.
seems to be exaggerated. In fact, in ancient times, the imperial power did not go to the countryside, and rural areas were all self-governing gentry.
Farmers have big or small matters or even murder cases, and they will first go to the gentry to ask for resolution. There are also various clan private laws and lynchings in the local area to deal with these matters.
County government offices usually have nothing to do, they are quite leisurely. Especially the magistrates, they are almost idle and can give up everything to their subordinates.
Even in a large county town, the county government only has one or two hundred people.
Some small county towns have only a dozen or twenty minor officials in the county government.
Six-bedroom apartments often have only two or three people. Except for the strong class, the other two classes are just a few.
In "Dream of the Red Chamber", Menzi is a young monk who returned to the world. Why should culture be impossible to pass the imperial examination? He had no power, otherwise he would not have been a monk since he was a child.
After the son returned to secular life, he married and had children locally, and became a minor official to make a living.
Due to the low status of the door, he did not dare to sit down casually even when facing Jia Yucun alone in the inner room. Why
?
The minor official must rely on officials to survive. An official can make him lose his job and even cause trouble in just one sentence.
Later, Jia Yucun made an excuse to send the door away, and he should have been charged with it.
So the question is, why do these little officials risk such a great risk and have such a low status, but they have to do this job?
because you have money to make.
In "The Scholars", Kuang Chaoren has a friend named Pan San, who is a villain.
At that time, the government found a maid who escaped. After the constable caught it, it should be sent back to the original owner according to the law.
Pan San made a fake document privately and sold the maid to another rich man named Hu, and used it to get 200 taels of silver.
Then Pan San's gang took the exam for scholars in the county government and easily got 530 taels of silver.
Later, Pan San did too many bad things and was arrested to behead him. He found that he had committed many crimes: the list was open with more than a dozen items, including several taels of hidden money and food; several cases of private and life; several cases of short-stopping of the county's seal and private pen; several cases of fake carving of seals; several cases of abducting the population: heavy profit and depriving the people, and several cases of coercion and death; several cases of inciting the school yamen, and several cases of buying a gunman to take the exam;... cannot be described in detail.
Look at it. Every time Pan San does evil, he wants to make money. After doing so many bad things, I'm afraid I've made at least thousands of taels of silver.
Back then, silver was very valuable, twenty taels of silver was enough for country people to spend a year. What is the concept of thousands of taels of silver?
Because of such great benefits, many talents are willing to be petty officials.
So, can minor officials such as Menzi or Pan San do these things by themselves? Of course it is impossible for
.
The minor official has no real power, all power comes from officials.
How does an official not allow such a thing? Just like Pan San, he will be sentenced to death.
So, officials must have colluded with each other.
The role played by officials is just the thugs and agents of officials who come forward to do something that officials are unwilling to do.
For example, the case of Xue Pan killing Feng Yuan handled by Jia Yucun is all about making suggestions and operations.
Jia Yucun has the right to judge the case, and even a minor official without a disciple cannot do such a conspiracy.
This time, Jia Yucun was not allowed to get favors from the Wang family, Jia family and Xue family of the four major families, and more importantly, it must have made a considerable amount of money.
As a thug, Menzi must have received a lot of bribes from the Xue family. Of course, this was acquiesced by Jia Yucun.
However, the door is a small character after all, and it is not very important.
Jia Yucun sent him directly later, and the disciple had no choice.
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