The scholars and officials in the Wei and Jin Dynasties were popular to take pills, and various toxins were accumulated in the body, and most of them were addicted to alcohol. Under the mixture of toxins and alcohol, the scholars and officials often did incomprehensible behaviors. Elixirs and spirits made the scholars of the Wei and Jin dynasties crazy, and their behavior was like the "face-biting tribe" who appeared in foreign countries a few years ago.
It can be said that there has never been a scholar-official in any dynasty as crazy as the scholars in the Wei and Jin Dynasties.
celebrity Wang Chen in the Eastern Jin Dynasty period, with a prominent family background. Wang Chen, who was born in Langya Wang's , was appointed as the governor of Jingzhou and rose to prominence. But such a high-ranking official who holds important positions often commits all kinds of crazy behavior.
Wang Chen's relatives passed away, and he took his friends to pay his condolences. Before leaving, Wang Chen and a few friends were drunk and took a lot of elixirs. After arriving at the mourning hall, Wang Chen's father-in-law cried in front of the spirit seat. Wang Chen and a dozen friends took off their legs in front of everyone, spreading their hair and dancing with their hands. This is not the end. This group of "punk" people actually danced around Wang Chen's father-in-law. Wang Chen's father-in-law was crying when he suddenly saw a group of naked madmen breaking into the mourning hall to "play the dance". The leader was his son-in-law Wang Chen, who fainted on the spot.
If Wang Chen's behavior is absurd and wild, then week 's behavior can be called a beastly desire.
Zhou Yan and Wang Chen have similar status, and they were both high-ranking officials at that time. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Zhou Yan was appointed as the Minister of Shangshu Pushe, equivalent to the current Vice Premier. Speaking of which, if Zhou Yi did not consider the weird behavior after taking drugs, this person would be considered a tough guy.
Zhou Yi was decisive in killing and was determined. The ministers of the Eastern Jin Dynasty at that time were very afraid of him. General Wang Dun has a strange problem. As long as you are nervous, you will sweat profusely. Whenever Wang Dun met Zhou, he would take out a fan and shake it hard even in the cold winter, which shows how powerful Zhou was in the imperial court at that time. Later, Wang Dun launched a coup and Zhou became a prisoner. When Wang Dun was about to execute Zhou Yan, Zhou Yan cursed on the execution ground: "The sky has eyes, kill Wang Dun!" The executioner immediately poked Zhou Yan's mouth with a long halberd, stabbing Zhou Yan's face into blood and blood. Blood flowed from his face to his feet. Zhou Yan was still angry and was not afraid. From this we can see that Zhou Yan is definitely not a mediocre person.
However, it was this tough guy Zhou Yan who had done very abnormal behavior. Before his death, the Shangshu Jizhan invited guests to dinner, and all civil and military officials went to the Shangshu Mansion to be guests. After drinking for three rounds, Ji Zhan ordered his servants to bring his concubines to perform singing and dancing for these imperial officials in order to activate the atmosphere. Logically speaking, in such an occasion, even if it is a shameless guest, it would be fine to make a few jokes, but Zhou Yan, who was very excited, took off all his clothes in front of his colleagues and rushed forward to molest the concubine. Everyone saw that Lord Zhou was drunk again and quickly joined forces to hold him down, which did not allow Zhou to succeed. This kind of beastly behavior would probably be difficult to happen if it were not for the mixture of elixirs and alcohol.
To be fair, if the various weird behaviors of the scholars of the Wei and Jin Dynasties were attributed to elixirs and alcohol, this view would be unfair. Ultimately, this kind of crazy move is still cynical and self-indulgent, and elixirs and alcohol are just catalysts. Many scholars of the Wei and Jin dynasties relied on alcohol and medicine to use alcohol and medicine as excuses for their indulgence. In fact, what really drove them was their commotion.
In this outrageous era, Confucian ethics have long been thrown away by scholars and officials, and they have seen too many big scenes of life and death. What else are they afraid to do? For the literati and officials of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, their material life could be easily satisfied, and they had such a vast and free space in their hearts. Although scholars have released themselves, they have no place to rely on them. Their souls drift in the wind like dandelions. Some scholars and officials can still find the right direction deep in their souls, such as Zhou Yan, Wang Chen and others, who are completely lost and do whatever they want.
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, people's ethics had been overwhelmed by aesthetics, and the air of freedom was filled with confusion and frenzy. This background will naturally give rise to various quirks. Of course, there are also cute actions among the quirks of the Wei and Jin dynasties.
For example: Ruan Ji often go to the next tavern to get drunk, and his drinker is the owner of this tavern. Every time Ruan Ji gets drunk, he sleeps in the same bed with the boss’s wife. The owner of this tavern was very angry when he saw this. After observing it for a long time, he found that Ruan Ji had no indecent thoughts about his wife, but just regarded the boss as a friend who drank with him. So the owner of this tavern did not interfere anymore.
Speaking of which, Ruan Ji's mind and ethics are definitely not comparable to those of Zhou and Wang Chen. However, there were too few gentlemen like Ruan Ji. Most scholars in the Wei and Jin Dynasties were filled with obscene and obscene behavior. During the Western Jin Dynasty, celebrities often held banquets. They took off their clothes at the table, then got along with the singers and concubines, and watched and learned from each other. It is easy to understand if this kind of lewd gathering is placed in the context of society at that time.
Jin Dynasty 's interpersonal communication was relatively casual, and there was no such thing as a big defense between men and women. These lewd gatherings were already common in the eyes of the people of the Wei and Jin Dynasties.
The alchemy master at that time Ge Hong was a conservative person. He was very indignant of the unhealthy trends and evil spirits at that time. He left a record of the bad customs of the society at that time in his works and expressed his own views. According to Ge Hong, the scholars of the Jin Dynasty were very rude and they would not ask and greet each other when they met. When a guest attends a banquet, the first thing he said when he entered the door is: "Where are you old guy?" The owner will say: "You are finally here!" If someone greets him politely, others will think he is unique and will not interact with such a scheming person.
said hello, and the next one was a banquet. Some people "drink and have fun" to take a shower in public, while others urinated and defecated everywhere. The guests were unrestrained and casual at the host's house. They often ran to the host's inner house without even saying a word, teasing the host's female family, and talking dirty words. Sometimes, guests even ran to the owner's bedroom in groups, evaluating the owner's wives and concubines without any respect.
Sometimes, in order to avoid these rude guests, the host's wives and concubines will hide in other places. At this time, the guests will often openly search and pull these hidden women to the banquet site to give a taste of their best. In this case, although the master was disgraced, he would never stop him. After all, these behaviors were routine at the time, and if the owner blocked them, they would appear stingy. The party mentioned by Ge Hong is much cleaner than the lewd party we mentioned in the previous article. Although these men who are polite about women are not obscene, they are not openly promiscuous in public.
The chaotic atmosphere of the Wei and Jin Dynasties not only existed between the host and the guest, but also lacked the proper etiquette between the family. Here I can give you an example to facilitate everyone to understand the trend of the Wei and Jin Dynasties:
Wang Rong One day, I had a whim and wanted to visit my daughter and son-in-law. Since it was just dawn, the couple was still sleeping in the bedroom. Wang Rong didn't even knock on the door, but rushed into the bedroom, blocking the couple in the quilt, staring at his daughter and son-in-law. After a while, the couple woke up. When they saw Wang Rong lying on the bed and staring at him, they didn't feel embarrassed at all. The couple got out of bed one after another and began to receive Wang Rong.
If this matter is put until now, the son-in-law wakes up in the morning and sees his father-in-law lying on the head of the bed, staring at him strangely, and he must turn his back on him. Judging from the performance of Wang Rong's daughter and son-in-law, there were many such "unjust" father-in-law at that time, and people at that time were no longer surprised.
Some people think that the promiscuous gatherings in the Wei and Jin Dynasties were a manifestation of sexual liberation, but in fact, this is essentially different from the true sexual liberation movement. Whether those concubines and maids are willing to get along with strangers in public is not a problem in the eyes of the literati. To put it bluntly, this kind of sexual behavior under inequality is a kind of humiliation.
The master has absolute control over the concubines and slaves. For example, Shi Chong There are many concubines and singers in the family. Shi Chong asks people to grind the agarwood into powder and evenly sprinkle them on the bed. In this way, the weight of women is measured. Shi Chong would ask women to walk around the bed covered with agarwood powder every day and then observe their footprints. If the footprints are shallow, Shi Chong will reward gold, silver and treasures. If the footprints are deeper, Shi Chong will reduce their food and order them to lose weight. Obviously, Shi Chong does not like plump women. In order to make women feel skinny, he forced them to cater to their interests.
So, I hope that those friends who believe that the "handling maids and concubines" in the Wei and Jin Dynasties represented sexual liberation must remember one thing: in a society with strict hierarchy, this so-called "sexual liberation" is full of tyranny and humiliation.
In ancient times, in addition to this kind of sexual gathering catalyzed in a specific period, there were more sexual concepts that were relatively healthy and fresh after all. Putting aside those scholars who were full of animal desires, there were also some literati who advocated the concept of healthy love during the Wei and Jin Dynasties. From " Reading Songs ", we can see a healthy view of love:
"Kill the long-crowing chicken, and play the black mortar bird;
I wish I could not even be dawned, and it will be dawn every year."
From these phenomena, we can see that the promiscuous winds in the Wei and Jin Dynasties were not just caused by alcohol and drugs. For a group of indulgent people, spirits and pills are just a pretext for their desire to vent their animal desires. For those with ethics, no amount of spirits and pills can make them lose.
The men and women in this poem are both flesh and blood and emotions, and they can feel pleasure in this wonderful experience. Especially the women in the poem, they are not dolls that are casually played with by others in lewd parties, nor are they puppets for power to vent their animal desires.
Reference materials:
[How to evaluate the romantic relationship between the Wei and Jin Dynasties", "General History of China's Wei and Jin Dynasties History of the Southern and Northern Dynasties"]
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