Three years ago, Notre Dame Cathedral in France, Notre Dame suffered a fire. I don’t know how many people in the self-media such as Moments, Weibo regretted it. This fire not only burned many world treasures, but even worse, it melted the 300 tons of lead plates on the roof, and the toxic lead substance spread into the air, causing major safety hazards. Today, let’s get to know this kind of “silent killer” around you - lead element .
Lead was discovered and used by humans around the 3,000th BC. Lead-made jue, goblet, zun, tripod and gor were unearthed from the tombs of Shang Dynasty and Western Zhou . The lead spears in the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC-771 BC) contained 99.75% lead. In the 17th and 18th centuries, lead production began on a large scale, and the main lead-producing countries include the United States, the former Soviet Union, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, China, etc.
Lead is the raw material for the manufacture of batteries, cables, bullets and ammunition. Lead compounds are used as raw materials for pigments, glass, plastics and rubber. Because metal lead has excellent acid and alkali corrosion resistance, it is widely used in the manufacture of chemical and metallurgical equipment. lead alloy is used as bearings, movable type gold and solder. In addition, lead has also opened up some new uses, such as being used as a stabilizer for asphalt to extend the service life of the road; used to manufacture nuclear power plant shielding and nuclear waste storage tanks, high-power battery packs for adjusting loads in the electrical industry, and magnetofluid dynamics devices. In addition, lead is also added to cosmetics, colored paints, pigments, glass, tin jewelry, tableware, arms, pottery, etc. In the last century, lead was also widely used in household paints, cable protective covers, and gasoline additives ( tetraethyl lead ).
Due to the widespread use of lead, people are very likely to be exposed to it in their daily lives, which will pose a major threat to their health for a long time. After gradually realizing the harm of heavy metals to human and environmental health, we have greatly reduced the amount of lead. Nowadays, lead is mainly used in automotive lead-acid batteries , and 70% of these lead-acid batteries will be recycled and used for lead reproduction.
What harm does lead have to the human body
First, it affects neurodevelopment, especially for children, adolescents, etc., and the damage is irreversible;
Second, it will cause anemia, leukemia ;
Third, it will affect the development of bones and prevent the child from growing taller. Lead is accumulating and has the greatest impact on children. Children's absorption efficiency of lead can reach more than 50%, which is much higher than that of adults.
What are the symptoms of lead poisoning
can be divided into five levels according to the standards for lead poisoning in children.
first-level : The blood lead value is less than 100μg/L, and the body is in a relatively safe state;
second-level : mild lead poisoning affects hematopoietic nerve conduction and cognitive ability, such as causing children to be irritable, hyperactivity, distraction, anorexia, abdominal distension, and mild anemia;
third-level : moderate lead poisoning can cause calcium deficiency, zinc deficiency, iron deficiency, and low immunity. Incoordination of exercise, learning difficulties, IQ reduction, growth and development delay;
Level 4 : Severe lead poisoning, which can cause personality changes, irritability, aggressive behavior, abdominal cramps, hypertension, , arrhythmia, , dementia, etc.;
Level 5 : Extremely severe lead poisoning, which can lead encephalopathy, paralysis, coma and even death.
Lead poisoning will directly endanger the growth and development of children's intelligence, behavior and physical fitness, and must be prevented and treated early.
How to detect blood lead content
Currently, there are many methods for detecting and analyzing blood lead content, which are divided into: atomic absorption spectroscopy , ICP-MS method, ICP-OES spectroscopy, spectrophotometer method, chemical titration method, etc. Each detection agency generally uses ICP-MS method and atomic absorption spectroscopy method. Select appropriate detection and analysis methods according to the patient's different symptoms, which can quickly and quantitatively detect the accurate content of lead and its compounds in the patient's blood.
Why lead poisoning
There are two reasons for lead poisoning:
First, lead dust is inhaled from the respiratory tract. Due to environmental pollution, there are a lot of lead dust in the air.Especially on busy roads, the exhaust gas emitted by cars has a much higher lead density, about one meter away from the ground, which is consistent with the respiratory belt of children. Children have a strong metabolism and are more likely to inhale lead and dust.
The second is to intake lead dust from the digestive tract, such as drinking lead-contaminated water, and eating foods high in lead such as popcorn, peeled eggs, etc. In addition, infants and young children sometimes eat toys, pencils, etc. with paint on the surface, or eat food cooked with lead utensils, which will cause lead poisoning.
We recommend that
children with early lead poisoning have almost no symptoms, but they may experience a decrease in learning ability or be too active before or after school. It is generally recommended that children aged 1-2 years old go to the hospital for a blood lead test. At present, the diagnostic limit of for children with lead poisoning is 50μg/L. It is also clearly stated that there is no absolutely safe blood lead level value for children. Even the very low lead content in the body is proven to affect children's IQ, attention and learning achievements, and this impact is irreversible. In our country, 100μg/L is generally the standard for mild lead poisoning. The treatment of lead poisoning is divided into non-drug lead repellent treatment and drug lead repellent. The most important thing is to find the source of lead contamination to avoid contact with poisoning again.
If there is a potential source of lead pollution in your home, it is recommended to ask a professional to remove it in advance. This is the safest and safest.
Source: Chengdu Disease Control
Qingyang District Health and Health Bureau
WeChat ID: cdjkqy
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