If we don’t even understand the basic characteristics of communist society, talking about realizing communist society is meaningless, just like you don’t know whether something is square or round, but ask you how long it will take to create this thing.

The three basic characteristics of communist society

The goal of the Communists is to realize communist society. What is a communist society? If we don’t even understand the basic characteristics of communist society, talking about realizing communist society is meaningless, just like you don’t know whether something is square or round, but ask you how long it will take to create this thing.

In the field of Marxist research, there is a relatively "authoritative" discussion: "Communist society has six basic characteristics." Although the conclusions of the "Six Basic Characteristics" have problems such as ambiguity and logical confusion, for a long time, almost no Communist has dared to challenge this statement because this statement was "excerpted" from Marx and Engel's works. Recently, the conclusion of this "six basic characteristics" has been questioned by Chinese scholars - China Science and Culture Development Press published Mr. Ao Xiangdong's new book "A Brief History of Humanity: The Rise and Fall of Private Property",

The book publishes the author's latest results on Marxist theory research, unveils the mysterious cloak that covers the communist society, elaborates on the three basic characteristics of communist society, and points out that the "road to the special economic zone" is the only correct way to realize communist society.

1. The fallacy of the "six basic characteristics"

Mr. Ao Xiangdong believes that the "six basic characteristics" are the misunderstanding of Marxist works by later generations; it is this so-called "six basic characteristics" that put a vague and mysterious cloak on the communist society, which not only misled many Communists, but also made the international communist movement lose the direction of its progress! So, what are the main fallacies in the "six basic characteristics"?

1. Cause and effect inversion

"Social productivity is highly developed and material wealth is extremely rich" is one of the "six basic characteristics", but this "feature" reverses the causal relationship between social system and social appearance. Because from a macro perspective, the quality of a country's social system determines the speed of development of a country's productivity. Only through the optimization and innovation of the social system can a country's productivity be improved; the social system is the "cause" of society, and productivity is the "result" of the social system. The reason why communist society has the most developed productivity is because communist society has the most advanced social system. Only by relying on the strong productivity generated by the most advanced social system can the communist society defeat capitalist society . The most advanced social system is the basic feature of communist society, but the "six basic features" regard productivity indicators as the basic feature of communist society. This is to reverse the causal relationship and is a fallacy.

" The country is extinct " is also regarded as one of the "six basic characteristics" of communist society. The "death of the state" is only the final result of the communist social system, not the basic characteristics of communist society. Because the communist social system (whether primary or advanced) cannot be realized in the whole world at the same time. The only possibility is that the communist social system is gradually realized in the whole world. The specific implementation process should be: the communist social system is first implemented in a certain country; then this communist social country will use the power of advanced examples to attract other non-communist social countries to imitate the communist social country and carry out social system changes and become a communist social country; the two communist social countries merged into a larger communist social country under the influence of public ownership compatibility; Under the influence of advanced role models and compatibility, this communist social country will become larger and larger like a snowball, and other non-communist social countries will become fewer and fewer. Until all non-communist social countries on the earth are annexed by this only communist social country, it means that the traditional country has disappeared (because there is no longer boundary line on the earth), and the whole world has entered a unified communist society. The management system of this only communist social country on the earth has actually become the management system of the future global communist society.It can be seen from this that the "death of the state" is only an inevitable product of the future development of communist society, rather than one of the basic characteristics of communist society. It is also incorrect to regard the "death of the state" as the basic characteristic of communist society.

Similarly, "high awareness and morality" should not be one of the basic characteristics of communist society, because awareness and morality without the guarantee of democratic political system are weak, unsustainable, and unstable. Only a good social system can cultivate good social awareness and morality. Therefore, "high awareness and morality" cannot be used to judge whether human beings have entered a communist society, and "high awareness and morality" cannot be regarded as one of the basic characteristics of communist society, because this reverses the causal relationship.

2. Violating the laws of nature

Marx criticized the "distribution by capital" of private ownership , and pointed out the shortcomings of "distribution by work", hoping to use " allocate on demand" to make up for the shortcomings of "distribution by work", but Marx never said that "distribution by work" should be abolished. Looking at the natural laws of human development, incentive mechanisms are the basic driving force for the development of productivity. The productivity of communist society also needs to continue to develop forward, and communist society also needs incentive mechanisms. As long as you are a human being, no matter how high their awareness and morality are, you will have laziness and a communist society is no exception, because competition and incentive mechanisms are the driving force for the advancement of human society, and human beings also need incentive mechanisms to achieve higher productivity. Therefore, completely replacing "distribution according to work" with "distribution according to work" is contrary to the laws of human nature, is a basisless conjecture, and is impossible to achieve, so "distribution according to demand" cannot be defined as one of the basic characteristics of communist society.

(Note: Marx did not explain how the distribution method combined with "distribution by work" and "distribution by demand" was implemented, but in the book "CNC Economics (Non-Monetary Economics)" published in August 2018, the China Economic Daily Press described the distribution system of public ownership economy as "distribution by work based on the distribution of demand" system - basic needs to receive demand allocation, and advanced needs to be distributed according to work.)

3. Repeat of causal relationship

"public ownership" and "eliminate class differences" are the two basic features of the "six basic characteristics". In fact, these two "basic characteristics" are causal. As long as one is realized, the other will be realized almost at the same time. Because when a society truly realizes public ownership, all members of society are workers and rely on their own labor to obtain labor remuneration. There is only the difference in labor remuneration caused by differences in labor capacity, and there is no income difference generated by "distribution by capital", thus eliminating class and major social differences. Therefore, there is a causal relationship between public ownership and the elimination of class differences. It is only necessary to formulate public ownership as the basic feature of communist society. If both are designated as the basic feature of communist society, it is redundant repetition.

2. Three basic characteristics of communist society

Given that there are many fallacies in the "six basic characteristics of communist society", Mr. Ao Xiangdong proposed in his book "A Brief History of Humanity: The Rise and Death of Private Ownership", the three basic characteristics that communist society should have are: political democratic system, economic democratic system (public ownership), and non-monetary economic system.

1. Public ownership (economic democratic system)

Public ownership of means of production is the core idea of ​​Marxism and one of the basic characteristics of communist society. There is no controversy at present.The original intention of public ownership is to not only establish a political democratic system of "created equality" but also establish an economic democratic system of "created equality". This idea can also be regarded as the expansion of the idea of ​​" natural human rights " in the economic field, because Marx is a thorough democrat, and private ownership is a system of "making everyone born unequal". This unequal economic system has created a large number of social contradictions. Only public ownership can allow everyone to enjoy the economic power and economic foundation that is born equal. Therefore, public ownership and economic democratic system can be regarded as synonyms.

2. Political Democracy System

If political democratic system is regarded as one of the basic characteristics of communist society, many people will not agree immediately, because this seems to be "unheard of" in Marxist works. However, as long as we carefully study and explore the historical background and deep reasons for the emergence of Marxist thought, we will agree that "political democratic system is one of the basic characteristics of communist society."

We all know that Marx hated the feudal autocratic and dictatorial system very much, and took it as his responsibility to pursue the complete liberation of mankind. Marx lived in an era of booming development of capitalist industrialization after the victory of the European political democratic revolution. He hoped to establish a perfect society and achieve the complete liberation of mankind - establish a communist society. When the democratic revolution of European bourgeoisie achieved great results of "political liberation", Marx was not satisfied with such "great achievements", because he discovered the root cause of the very sharp social contradictions and class conflicts in the process of industrialization in Europe after the bourgeois political revolution - the ills of private ownership. He believed that Europe's "political liberation" was only formal "liberation", not complete "liberation". If mankind wants to establish a perfect society and achieve complete liberation, it must "eliminate private ownership and establish public ownership." It can be seen from this that Marx's communist thought is a good cure for the serious social ills exposed after Europe's "political liberation". If we compare the difference between European capitalist society after "political liberation" and the perfect society in Marx's mind - communist society, public ownership (economic democratic system) is the most obvious difference between the two, and public ownership (economic democratic system) is the institutional strife that communist society has. It is not difficult to understand why Marx pointed the spearhead of the struggle directly at private ownership, and it is not difficult to understand the famous saying written in the 1848 "Communists (European) can summarize their own theory into one sentence: eliminate private ownership." That is, Marx and Edison's theory is almost the theory produced by the capitalist society in Europe and the United States after "political liberation". But if Marx had lived in the Eastern feudal autocratic society for a period before 1848, I believe that the famous saying in the above "Communist Manifesto" would definitely be changed to "Communists all over the world can summarize their theory into one sentence: to eliminate political autocracy and private ownership", because if we compare the differences between most of the Eastern feudal autocratic society in the world that did not achieve "political liberation" at that time and the communist society in Marx's mind, the difference between the two is the difference between political autocracy and political democracy, private ownership and public ownership (economic democratic system). That is, if Marx had used most countries in the world (authoritarian society) as a reference at that time, the political democratic system and the economic democratic system (public ownership) were the two institutional characteristics that communist society should have. Therefore, treating political democratic system as one of the basic characteristics of communist society is in line with the consistency of Marxist thought.

3. Non-monetary economic system (CNC economy)

Marx once pointed out very clearly that in a communist society, currency will inevitably die with the demise of private ownership. Based on this, it can be concluded that the economic operation system of communist society must be a non-monetary economic operation system that matches public ownership. Therefore, the non-monetary economic operation system should also be one of the basic characteristics of communist society.

The planned economy of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe socialist countries Although the physical planning adjustment method reduces the media role of currency in physical exchange and resource allocation, it still adopts the economic model of using currency to give value attributes to products, using currency to measure labor value and pay labor remuneration. This makes the economic operation of the entire socialist country not free from its dependence on currency, nor does it establish a non-monetary economic theoretical system that can enable the non-monetary economy to operate efficiently, which leads to the entire socialist country being in an inefficient and semi-monetized economic operation state, and ultimately leads to the collapse of the socialist countries in the Eastern Soviet Union.

may be because no one answered the global problem of "how to make the public non-monetary economic system operate efficiently", so no one has yet to define the "non-monetary economic system" as one of the basic characteristics of communist society.

China Economic Daily Press published Mr. Ao Xiangdong's economic monograph "CNC Economics (Non-Monetary Economics)" in August 2018.

The book fully describes the operating laws of the non-monetary economy and establishes a complete set of non-monetary economic theoretical systems that can enable the public-owned economic system to operate efficiently, thus solving the theoretical problem of "making the public-owned non-monetary economy run efficiently." Therefore, we now have sufficient reasons to formulate a non-monetary economy as one of the basic characteristics of communist society.

To sum up, after knowing the basic characteristics of communist society, we can draw a basic blueprint of communist society, and even use the following concise mathematical formula to establish a theoretical model of communist society:

Communist society = political democratic system

+ Economic democratic system (public ownership)

+ The birth of the theoretical model of communist society provided a scientific theoretical basis for the establishment of communist special economic zones and pointed out a golden road for the peaceful advance of mankind toward communist society. As long as a country or a special zone has the above three basic characteristics of the communist society, we can say that this country or this special zone has entered a communist society. This country or this special zone will produce highly developed science and technology, provide extremely rich public products and consumer goods, and the people of this country or this special zone will also produce noble morality and ideological awareness.