On April 8, 1946, on the eve of the outbreak of a full-scale civil war, a sudden air crash attracted widespread attention from both China and foreign countries. This aircraft involved many important leaders of our party, which is rare. The plane they were riding crashed on Black Tea Mountain , and none of them survived. It is known in history as the "48" air crash in , also known as the Black Tea Mountain incident.
pic | Heichashan
At that time, it was at a critical moment when the relations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were becoming increasingly tense, and this plane was riding on many important leaders of our party, but no senior Kuomintang official was there. This naturally makes people doubt the cause of the air crash and cause many speculations. Is it a natural disaster or a man-made disaster? An accident or murder? Today, let us follow the truth hidden behind this air crash.
Before and after the air crash
On April 7, 1946, the CCP delegation in Chongqing sent a telegram to Yan'an: Return to Yan'an on the 8th. On the day of the plane taking off, Duan Qingwen witnessed the environment before takeoff at Chongqing Airport . At that time, the rain continued to rain from morning to 12 noon. There was no sign of stopping rain, but instead it became heavier and heavier. The weather conditions are very bad and are not conducive to takeoff at all.
Fu Zuoyi and Deng Baoshan were waiting for the plane, and suddenly saw Wang Ruofei and others walking in. Seeing that the weather was still not getting better, Fu Zuoyi invited everyone to have lunch in the restaurant. After the meal, Wang Ruofei and his group were anxious to take off despite the bad weather, so they shook hands with Fu Zuoyi and Deng Baoshan and said goodbye. The plane took off forcibly in the heavy rain.
It is certain that the weather at Chongqing Airport was very bad at that time, and the weather still did not improve after taking off. Just shortly after the plane of the Communist Party of China Delegation took off, the planes Fu Zuoyi and others were on followed.
Seeing the plane hovering in the air, it was difficult to fly. For safety reasons, someone specifically asked about the pilot's condition. At that time, a pilot said with a puzzled look: "I just received the airport instruction that the plane could not land in Chongqing. In addition, the climate in Xi'an and Lanzhou is also harsh. Only Chengdu has a lighter rain, so it should be possible to land for emergency landing."
From this we can judge that the direction the plane of the CCP delegation heads (Xi'an, Yan'an) is also not optimistic, and there is no sign of improvement. This proves in the records of the people who welcomed the plane in Yan'an, "After breakfast, it started to rain all over the world. After a while, the mist and rain above Yan'an, and the peaks surrounding the water were covered by clouds."
pic | He Long
On the other side, He Long hurried to the airport, and then other central leaders also arrived at the airport to welcome him. The rain kept falling, and Baota Mountain was completely covered by the rain curtain. Everyone stood in the rain, looking up at the air, waiting anxiously. At about 2 p.m., there was a faint sound of planes rumbling in the air. It was not until this time that people had a gratified smile on their faces.
But the rumbling sound of the sky gradually disappeared from near to far. Confusion, anxiety and uneasiness enveloped everyone's hearts at the airport, but everyone was still full of hope and waited in the drizzle. It was not until after four o'clock in the afternoon that the crowd slowly dissipated. Mao Zedong returned to Wangjiaping , paced around the Taoyuan intersection, staring at the fog ridge and clouds from time to time to ponder.
At this moment, Zhu De came to Mao Zedong with heavy steps, and they analyzed and estimated various possibilities together. At around 5 o'clock, Xi'an responded to Yan'an's inquiry: The plane had not returned. At only about two o'clock, the US military observation team received the last telegram from the crew: The plane was lost.
After receiving this news, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China paid great attention and immediately organized tens of thousands of military and civilians to search from multiple sources. The US military observation team also coordinated to send two aircraft and searched near Yan'an for three consecutive days, but no results were found.
On April 9, several villagers on Heicha Mountain accidentally saw the burned plane and reported it to the village chief. After verification, the village chief reported to the local government. After learning the news, he sent someone to the scene to check. On the afternoon of April 10, the Public Security Bureau sent people to the scene of the crash to understand and verify the situation. Until the evening of the 11th, the Jinsui Branch of the Communist Party of China reported the incident to Yan'an.
Central Committee learned that the plane had an air crash and released the bad news through Xinhua News Agency : Because the plane lost its road, encountered heavy fog, and hit the mountain and burned it, all comrades Wang Ruofei and others were killed.However, why the plane lost its roads is not mentioned in the report.
The next day, Xinhua News Agency announced the deaths and elaborated in more detail the cause of the air crash: Wang Ruofei and others were seriously obstructed by the Kuomintang due to the implementation of the military reorganization plan, armistice agreement and CPPCC resolution. In order to speed up the time to discuss the plan with the central government, they had to take the bad weather and return to Yan'an from Chongqing. Ye Ting, Deng Fa, Huang Qisheng and others also took the same plane back to Yan'an.
pic | Ye Ting
The pilot of this aircraft is Captain Ranchi and four others, with rich driving experience. After the plane left Chongqing, the pilot immediately contacted the US Military Observation Group radio station of Yan'an. At this time, the plane flew over the sky, and it was drizzling lightly in the sky, and everything was normal. However, 30 minutes after the plane left Xi'an, it contacted Yan'an Radio at 12:25, and then lost contact and was out of sight.
Judging from the location, it should be in the area of Ganquan . The residents here once heard the sound of the plane in the drizzle. Three days after that, Chongqing sent US planes to search for them in various places nearby, but found nothing. It was not until the night of the 11th that a plane was found on the Hei Cha Mountain. The plane hit the mountain and was burned. All the people on board were killed. It was confirmed that it was Wang Ruofei and his group.
According to nearby residents, it was rainy on the afternoon of the 8th, and the plane should have accidentally hit the rock on the side of the mountain in thick fog and crashed. The description of the following report is more specific, revealing the two major reasons for this air crash:
First, the weather conditions are very unfavorable to flight. Not only does it rain in Chongqing and Yan'an, but it is also raining in Black Tea Mountain. Therefore, thick fog appeared on the mountain, causing the plane to hit the big rock on the side of the mountain;
Second, the Kuomintang authorities deliberately disrupted the agreement, causing Wang Ruofei to seize the time and return to Yan'an in the rainy weather to discuss countermeasures with the central government, but unexpectedly the plane was destroyed and the people were killed.
After that, people remembered the "April 8" martyrs and the air crash. While regretting the backbone of the country, they could not stop thinking about the reasons for the air crash. Most people coincided with the target of the Kuomintang authorities. For example, the Anti-Japanese War Daily once published an article: "Who broke your promise and forced you to fight?" "They are the ones who urged you to die tragically."
In order to express the people's condolences and fully expose the crimes of the Kuomintang authorities, major newspapers in our liberated areas published a special issue to mourn the martyrs of the "April 8th" martyrs. For a moment, the Kuomintang reactionaries were trapped in the anger of the masses.
Zhou Enlai once admitted: "If the reactionaries do not break the Double Tenth Agreement, there is no need for you to risk the bad weather to return to Yan'an, and naturally there will be no such air crash." But this does not mean that the Kuomintang directly carried out sabotage and assassinate the "April 8" martyrs.
Investigation and analysis
After the April 8th air crash, on April 10, Tan Zhengwen and Gu Yizhi hurried to the site of Heichashan to investigate the specific cause of the plane crash. To find out, they went to the place where the plane crashed and took photos. After investigation, the plane did not hit the mountain, but hit a huge rock on the side of the mountain, with very obvious impact marks.
Based on the on-site investigation and inquiries of relevant people, they gave a paper report and made an analysis: the plane was not blown up in the sky, but crashed on the mountain because the impact marks on the boulders on the side of the mountain were very obvious. The fog is very thick, the rain is very heavy, and it is snowing on the mountain, and the visibility is too low. The driver may not be able to see the terrain clearly in the distance. When he flies closer, he finds that he will hit the mountain soon. So he turned around and hit the huge rock on the side of the mountain.
If you fly higher, this will not happen. Flying low may be looking for a place to land. Judging from the on-site inspection, there was no human destruction factor and no signs of explosion. However, whether the aircraft was damaged by humans and caused a malfunction was not mentioned in Gu Yizhi's report. Judging from the above analysis, if the aircraft has no problem (there was no corresponding identification method at that time), the cause of the crash can only be attributed to the weather.
However, Gu Yizhi himself could not convince this conclusion. He raised a question in his memory: the plane set off from Chongqing, passed through Xi'an, landed in Chengdu, and then flew all the way to Yan'an.Strangely, from Xi'an to Yan'an, they have always been flying north, so why did they deviate from sailing to Heicha Mountain? Gu Yizhi thought about this issue for a long time but couldn't figure it out and could not make a credible analysis. The plane sent a telegram to claim to be "disorted", which made Gu Yizhi even more puzzled: "It only rained a little lightly at that time. The weather on the north side of Xi'an was not bad. The captain of the US side was also an experienced pilot. How could he lose his direction?" Gu Yizhi couldn't understand all kinds of doubts.
At that time, Zhou Enlai personally sent Wang Ruofei and his party onto the plane. After the plane took off, Zhou Enlai felt uneasy. After learning that the plane did not arrive in Yan'an, but the plane crash occurred, Zhou Enlai covered his face and cried bitterly: "I am not thinking well! You shouldn't have to take the same plane at the same time." In his memorial, he said painfully: "Sudden attack, unexpected sacrifice, this is an irreparable loss!"
Zhou Enlai felt "sudden", "accident", and even used the word "attack". Apparently, he didn't believe it was a crash caused by weather. Compared to natural reasons, Zhou Enlai said bluntly that "this is not an accident" and suspected that it was the Kuomintang spy who did the trick.
According to the article written by Ye Ting's eldest son Ye Zhengda in July 2003: In June 1951, he and his second brother Ye Zhengming returned to China from the Soviet Union to visit and study, they specially visited Zhou Enlai's home in Zhongnanhai. During lunch, Zhou Enlai talked to them about the situation of the April 8th air crash that year.
"The plane is full of our people, and many of them are important leaders of our party, including Wang Ruofei, Deng Fa and your father. Your father, Comrade Ye Ting, was the first commander of our army. He fell into the hands of the Kuomintang for five years and had to return to the party the day after he was released from prison. Chiang Kai-shek is definitely unwilling to give up. Chiang Kai-shek will definitely use all kinds of means to achieve his goal.
There was no Kuomintang on the plane at that time, and they had no worries. , it was not difficult for Chiang Kai-shek to use spies to move some tricks on the plane. At that time, the people in Yan'an had heard the rumbling sound of the plane. Why did they turn to Heicha Mountain in the blink of an eye? If it weren't for the Kuomintang to tamper with their hands and feet on the plane, what else would it be? "
Photo|Cheng Kai-shek
Zhou Enlai was very surprised that the plane suddenly deviated, and based on Chiang Kai-shek's usual style, it was concluded that it was the Kuomintang spy. Then why wasn’t this evil act of the Kuomintang pointed out at that time?
"At that time, there was no clear evidence to directly identify the Kuomintang, and the two parties were still in peace negotiations. There was no sufficient evidence. The Kuomintang would turn around and say that we slander, which would be very unfavorable for us to fight for peace." But when Zhou Enlai said this, there was no clear evidence to prove that the Kuomintang was doing it. This still has a strong subjective component, just an analysis and judgment.
Later, in order to prevent the Kuomintang from using the same trick again, our party put forward a request to the Kuomintang government and military mediation: In the future, any member of the Central Committee of our party and senior generals must be accompanied by a Kuomintang general when flying. They all agreed and had to do this in the future. This is also a measure to "repair the fence".
In fact, Zhou Enlai held the statement that Kuomintang spies were sabotaging the destruction, which was the first reaction of many people in the party. Is this a destructive incident of destruction created by someone? We do suspect that it is the Kuomintang spies who are doing the trick, but there is no conclusive evidence!
Professional judgment
In order to seek the truth about his father's death, Ye Zhengda made a special trip to learn aerospace technology and became a famous aircraft design expert in my country. In 2003, he made Zhou Enlai's conversation about the "April 8" air crash publicly. At the same time, he used his professional knowledge and combined the aircraft crash process and Gu Yizhi's investigation, and gave a professional inference from a technical perspective: the
aircraft set off from Chongqing, stopped by Xi'an for a while, and flew to the Ganquan area, and everything was normal. However, when we were about to arrive in Yan'an and when we were about to land, the Kuomintang's hands and feet worked, causing the plane to deviate from Yan'an and fly towards Hei Cha Mountain.
Heicha Mountain is more than 2,000 meters above sea level, and the plane can fly more than 6,000 meters. In rainy and foggy weather, the plane should fly high, but the experienced American pilots flew so low all the way. It was obviously the Kuomintang that made the plane's altimeter fail.The plane once sent a telegram saying it was "disored", which means that both the pilot and the ground commander knew that the plane was disorientated.
There was no abnormality in the plane from Chongqing to Xi'an. The only opportunity to do anything was to refuel at Xi'an Airport. The Kuomintang used a timed device to destroy the aircraft's magnetic compass and altimeter. When the plane arrived in Yan'an, its course and altitude failed at the same time, causing the plane to crash.
From the perspective of aircraft design, Ye Zhengda's analysis made some sense, but he still has no real evidence that the Kuomintang used "timed devices" to interfere with the aircraft. In the absence of conclusive evidence, this view is still subjective judgment.
amazing revelations
April 8, 2006, the 60th anniversary of the "April 8" air crash. Many newspapers and websites have reprinted an article saying that it was a former Kuomintang spy who lived in seclusion in Taiwan before his death: he was ordered to create the plane air crash. This spy has a name and surname, and is called Du Jitang.
According to the article, this is a premeditated assassination. At that time, Wang Ping, the Kuomintang Military Control Commission's spyed on the news that many important leaders of the Communist Party of China would fly from Chongqing to Yan'an on April 8, and immediately reported this important information to the Kuomintang authorities. The Kuomintang immediately called Du Jitang and instructed to forge an airplane accident.
Dujitang immediately found Yang Yaowu. Yang Yaowu was proficient in aircraft maintenance and often repaired US military aircraft. He was very familiar with the US military and would not arouse US military's suspicion. He secretly put a powerful magnet between the aircraft compass and altimeter , causing the pilot to see the wrong instrument information, causing the flight altitude to be too low, and eventually deviate from the route and crash into the Black Tea Mountain!
Du Jitang's revelation was released, and the sensational effect seemed to further verify the analysis and judgment of Zhou Enlai and Ye Zhengda, but this is not the only version of "revelation". In July 2007, someone disclosed another explanation of the plane crash in "Reader", and it was retelled by Ye Zhengda's younger brother Ye Zhengguang.
In 2005, a friend from Singapore told Ye Zhengguang that a former Kuomintang spy in Singapore published a recollection of the disclosure: When the plane was refueling in Xi'an, Chiang Kai-shek secretly ordered the spy to use a non-fuel oil instead of fuel in the plane Ye Ting and others were riding.
Because the waste after this fuel burns will sink to the bottom of the box, resulting in sufficient fuel on the aircraft instrument. The illusion caused by this fuel substitution will naturally cause the plane to crash due to actual fuel exhaustion. At present, there are at least one false statement. After more than half a century, the Kuomintang spies rushed to "reveal information", for some reason.
From the scope of influence of the current two theories, people agree more with the "magnet interference theory" than the "fuel replacement theory". "Fuel replacement theory": First, it was impossible for Chiang Kai-shek to directly order a spy to do this; second, the spy was vague about what non-fuel oil was used. The "magnet interference theory" is consistent with Zhou Enlai's judgment and Ye Zhengda's analysis. It has a certain scientific and logical nature and has been widely recognized by the media and readers.
Ye Zhengda was very excited to hear Du Jitang’s revelation. The truth about his father’s death was about to be revealed. As long as Du Jitang or his descendants are found to confirm this matter. Ye Zhengda found Wang Ruofei's descendants and made an appointment with him, and after discussion, he decided to conduct an investigation. They first went to the newspaper " Xinhua Daily Telegraph " which forwarded the news, which is an official media.
Unexpectedly, this official media explained: The news was not posted by Xinhua News Agency. This article was forwarded because April 8, 2006 was the 60th anniversary of the "April 8" air crash and the 110th anniversary of Ye Ting's birth. Xinhua News Agency's statement disappointed everyone and was amused and laughed. They then went to find the original source of the message, but they never found it.
Then, the two searched for "Dujitang" through multiple channels, a key witness who created the air crash by himself, but no matter how they looked for it, they could not find this person. Could it be that this person was born out of thin air? If this person is fake, then is the news that the leaked news real?
At that time, the news that Wang Ruofei and others flew from Chongqing to Yan'an was made public, and there was no claim that the Kuomintang spies had spyed on the intelligence.In addition, the aircraft pilot is a member of the US military four-man " Flying Tigers ". The United States was very strong back then and made efforts to promote peace between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Chongqing negotiations . It was the US intervention that made the Kuomintang worry about it that it failed to withhold Mao Zedong. Therefore, if you want to harm Americans, the Kuomintang may not have the courage to do so!
Therefore, Du Jitang’s revelations are very likely to be artificial fraud. Someone read the reports and analysis of the "April 8" air crash, plus the statements of Ye Zhengda and Zhou Enlai, and this information was later released publicly. In order to create a sensational effect and provide "conclusive evidence" of the "April 8" air crash, we deliberately fabricated this "historical" farce in the name of a Kuomintang spy.
To sum up, the aircraft device at that time was advanced and had good performance; the pilot experience was rich, and the passenger capacity was far from exceeding the limited number of people; in addition to poor meteorological conditions, there is another objective factor that must be mentioned. Although this aircraft device seemed advanced at the time, the navigation equipment at that time was very backward. Once the radio contact is interrupted or the instrument is in trouble, the aircraft will lose its course and cause an accident.
is lacking real evidence, and it cannot be concluded that it was done by the Kuomintang. The two "revelations" are even more nonsense. Natural causes may cause this air crash, but it is not certain that there is no "man-made disaster" factor at all.
So, what new opinions do you have?
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