During the combat operation, they fired more flags and smoked everywhere, deliberately creating momentum, attracting most of the enemy troops in Guizhou and covering up the main force of the Red Army moving south.

From Jinsha River to Dadu River

Hong Kong Army Four Crossings of Chishui , the Central Military Commission and Comrade Mao Zedong continued to adopt the tactic of vocalizing the east and confusing the enemy. On the one hand, the Red Ninth Army was ordered to stay in the north bank of Wujiang , and to disguise our army's main force to attract and restrain the enemy; on the other hand, they led the rest of Red Army directly into the Wujiang River, and crossed the Wujiang River southward.

In accordance with the instructions of the Central Military Commission, the Red Ninth Army will be active in Changganshan, Fengxiangba and other places since March 27. During the combat operation, they fired more flags and smoked everywhere, deliberately creating momentum, attracting most of the enemy troops in Guizhou and covering up the main force of the Red Army moving south. Later, under the leadership of the regiment commander Luo Binghui, the political commissar He Changgong, the chief of staff Guo Tianmin, and the director of the political department Huang Huoqing, the Red Army fought thousands of miles, not only successfully completed the glorious task of covering the Red Army's large forces, but also absorbed two thousand new war land and expanded the troops.

The main force of the Red Front Army crossed the Wujiang River again this time, and the Red Third Regiment was appointed as the advance team.

On the night of March 29th, under the leadership of the regiment commander Huang Yongsheng, the Red Third Regiment braved the storm and took a bamboo raft from the hand-piercing rock to the south bank of the Wujiang River. After the troops landed, they quickly defeated the enemy's Jiangdian troops and captured an enemy battalion commander alive. Then the army's engineer company set up a floating bridge at the Dayong River, Tiziyan, Jiangkou and other places, and the main force of the Red Army successfully crossed the Wujiang River before April 1.

After the Red Army crossed the Wujiang River south, it pretended to be the main force in the east, pretending to go to Xiangxi to join Red Sixth Army , while the large army went south in a row and headed straight to Guiyang.

The confusing action of the Red Front Army made the Chiang Kai-shek , who was in charge of Guiyang, dizzy. He Hu'er judged that the Red Army "hovers on the border between Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou, which is a manifestation of the undecided general policy"; Hu'er also judged that "the Red Army will only be able to break the whole into pieces and fight guerrillas north of the Wujiang River"; Hu'er said that the Red Army "still attempt to advance eastward to join the Red Army in western Hunan", and Hu'er also said that the Red Army "was intercepted in the front and pursued in the later period, and was at the end of its strength and reached a desperate situation." But he just didn't expect the Red Army to approach Guiyang.

Therefore, when the main force of our army suddenly appeared in the suburbs of Guiyang, the whole city was shocked, and Chiang Kai-shek was also frightened and depressed. While he repeatedly called Yunnan, he ordered Sun Du to "make a rapid progress, do not delay" to come to Guiyang to "protect the troops", while asking the Guiyang Police Commander to select twenty guides, prepare twelve good horses, two carriages to listen to, and prepare for escape.

However, when our army passed through the suburbs of Guiyang on April 9, the situation was still very tense.

At that time, the Yunnan army ordered to transfer east to Guiyang had arrived at Guiyang and Longli . Guiyang and Longli are hundreds of miles apart from east to west, and there are roads one after another. The first day of march, the first legion advanced on the west side of Longli, the third legion advanced on the east side of Guiyang, and our army was in the middle and west. While we were marching, our division and the vanguard of the third legion came to the same road. Since everyone wanted to rush forward quickly, there were cases of rushing roads and jumping into the line. After I found out, I asked my division troops to stop aside, then organized a whole team, led the troops up the hillside and advanced along the ridge, giving up the road to the third legion.

We camped in the mountains that night. The next morning, when my division went down the mountain and passed the road, the direct team of the Third Army had arrived in a village next to the road. At this time, I met Comrade Peng Dehuai. He was having breakfast. As soon as I saw me, I talked about the first division's train yesterday. He said: "Now the Central Military Commission and the large army have not come here yet. The enemy has four divisions in Feiyang and three divisions in Longli. Today, it may be attacked from both sides of the east and west. If something goes wrong, you have to be responsible!" I explained the situation to him with a smile. He seemed to have not listened, but he stopped mentioning the matter of jumping into the lineup, and said to me:

"Your division is under my command!"

I said: "Okay, give me the mission!"

He said: "You occupy the southwest mountain, monitor the enemies in Longli, the third legion occupy Guanyin Mountain, and monitor the enemies in Guiyang. The enemies on either side will fight to cover the Central Military Commission and the troops behind. They have all gone. You will retreat after the order, and I will send someone to notify you at that time."

Comrade Peng Dehuai's demeanor of decisive and decisive command, and his spirit of loyalty and daring to take responsibility for the revolution are really admirable.

On the morning of that day, while monitoring the enemy in Longli on the mountain, our division sent people to look at the actions of the three armies opposite. Soon, the Central Military Commission Column passed by the foot of our mountain, and some lesbians who followed the army Long March also limped forward tenaciously. At 3:00 pm, all the troops had passed. The enemy was still in shock and could not figure out the reality of our army, and did not act rashly.

But it may be due to the urgent action, or the person sent to deliver the letter to us, when the troops of the third armies retreated from the position, we did not We then retreated down the mountain and continued to move towards our destination as planned.

The Red Army took advantage of the enemy's chaos between Guiyang and Longli and immediately turned around and advanced westward across the Hunan-Guizhou Highway. Along the way, they drove straight in, and they were unstoppable. From April 10th to the 13th, they conquered Dingxiang, Guangshun, Ziyun and other counties, and then crossed Beipanjiang . On April 23rd, the Red Army entered Yunnan.

At this time, although Chiang Kai-shek urgently ordered Xue Yue to lead Wu Qiwei 1 Zhou Hunyuan and other troops to chase our army into Yunnan, because the officers and soldiers at all levels of the Chiang army were generally bored, their morale was low, and their actions were slow, and when they entered Yunnan, they were already behind the Red Army for several days. .

The Red Army entered Yunnan, as if entering an uninhabited land, traveling a hundred miles a day and heading west towards Kunming. At this time, because Bian Li of the Yunnan Army had all transferred to Guizhou in the east and did not return to aid for a while, Yunnan warlord Long Yun sat in the empty city of Kunming, and was very panicked and ordered Lu Han to surrender some regiment defense troops to guard Kunming. But the Red Army flew a shot and turned from the west of Kunming City to the northwest, advancing towards the Jinsha River on the Sichuan-Yunnan border.

Jinsha River belongs to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River , and travels through the deep mountains and narrow valleys. The river surface is wide and the water flows fast, and the terrain is extremely dangerous. On May 2, Military Commission designated the first army to dod the river on the street; the cadre regiment and the Military Commission column cross the river at Jiaoping cross the river; the third army cross the river at Hongmen. Our division was ordered to set out from Yuanmou The first regiment was used as the forefront to seize the Longjie Ferry . However, when our vanguard arrived at the Longjie Ferry, the ferries on the river had been pulled to the other side of the river by the enemy. They had to build a bridge directly without equipment. I guess it would be difficult to build the bridge for a while. At the same time, I also considered that if the troops behind were all coming to the ferry, there would be no room for maneuvering. Therefore, I ordered the troops to set up a fifteen-mile telephone line well back and sent a staff officer there to get in touch with the army command that came at any time.

Then, we borrowed some door panels from the people and started building the bridge. We tied the door panels with ropes and put them into the water one by one from the upstream. However, because the water flow was too fast, only one-third of the river surface was built, and we could no longer build it. Although May has just entered, the Jinsha River is sandwiched among the mountains on both sides, under the hot sun. A stream of heat evaporated, making people feel dizzy and sweaty. We built two entire bridges without any progress.

The next day, I held the " Zhuge Liang " meeting and mobilized everyone to come up with ideas and solutions again. At this time, Comrade Yang Dezhi agreed with what I said to use animals to pull the wire across the river, and then send someone to follow the wire. If it succeeds, you can build a floating bridge. Everyone thinks you can try it. Comrade Yang Dezhi pulled a black mule he rode to the riverside, tied one of the wire to the mule , and then drove the spike into the water and let it swim towards the opposite shore. But the water in the society was turbulent. The mule swam to the middle of the river and drew a semicircle, and returned to the end. I tried several times but failed.

When I was about to report the situation to the Legion Command, I just received a call from a fifteen-mile place. When I said about the situation of building a bridge, he said, "Don't talk about the situation, just answer me, when will the team cross the river?"

I had been struggling at the ferry for two days without any results. I was very upset. Now when I heard that Lin Biao was unwilling to listen to the situation, I was anxious and replied, "If I just answer, then bridge built and I couldn't cross the river at any time." At this time, Huang Jie Hzhi, the political commissar standing next to me, pulled the corner of my clothes and signaled me not to contradict, but I still said it out. This angered Lin Biao and scolded him on the phone. But in the end, I asked me:

"You said, why can't the bridge be built?"

When I heard that his tone had eased, I reported to him the width, flow rate, no ferry, no equipment, etc. of the Jinsha River and asked if I could choose another ferry and go to Jiaoping Ferry, where the Military Commission Column crossed the river. He said, "You think of a solution again, I will ask the Military Commission for instructions."

At this time, I decided that it was impossible to cross the river in Longjie, and I thought my superiors would definitely start from reality if they consider the situation. As soon as the troops returned to the village army headquarters, they called and notified: "Don't set up the bridge. The troops will have two hours of meals and rest, and then set out to Jiaopingdu to cross the river from there."

Longjie Ferry is about 120 miles away from Jiaopingdu. There is no road along the river, so I have to walk on the Yangyan Trail and the rocky beach by the river. The troops sometimes wade through the water, sometimes climb the mountain stream, stepping forward to the Jiaoping Duke with one foot deep and one foot shallow. I walked in front of the team. As soon as I arrived at Jiaopingdu, I first met Comrade Deng Xiaoping. As soon as he saw me, he asked, "The team is here or there is no more."

I said, "I'm here, I'm going to go wild."

Comrade Deng Xiaoping said, "Hurry up and send someone to supervise. The team comes faster and cross the river immediately."

and said, "The team is commanded by Comrade Liu Bocheng, and the mules and horses and luggage are commanded by me." When we arrived on the other side, we saw Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and other central leaders looking at the crossing army in a cliff cave at the ferry entrance. I heard that the troops had been traversing for a few days, and they watched a few days in this cave until the Red Army had all traversed.

The Red Front Army started the battle of crossing the Chishui River at the end of January 1935, and crossed the Jinsha River in early May. It took more than three months and the itinerary was more than 10,000 miles. During this period, in order to conceal our army's attempts and mobilize the enemy, although the troops ran a few more roads, they got rid of the encirclement and blockade of hundreds of thousands of enemies and realized the plan to go north. This victory was of decisive significance for the First Red Army to complete the entire Long March.

After the Red Army crossed the Jinsha River, they quickly became the North Seven. Along the way, I passed through the counties of Huili , Dechang , Xichang , Mianning , and then entered the Yi civil area. The so-called Yi people's area is actually a place where Han people live in , , and Yi people live in mixed places. However, most Han people live in towns or plains, while most Yi people live in plateau mountainous areas. Due to the poor of the upper thalasma, the property is not abundant and the transportation is blocked, and the culture is backward, making life for the Yi people particularly difficult. At that time, the Kuomintang implemented a policy of oppressing ethnic minorities, which caused the Yi people to be hostile to the Han people. Therefore, our troops encountered a lot of trouble when they passed through the Yi civilian area.

At that time, our division's first regiment was appointed as the advance team, led by Comrades Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen to open the way for the Red Army to head north. On May 22, the Xianzhuan team began to enter the Yi ethnic area of ​​Daliangshan. Comrade Liu Bocheng, Yang Dezhi and I walked in front of the team. Although the agreement was passed with Xiao Yedan, the leader of the Yi people, on the first day, due to the failure to do a good job in the tribe, the troops were also lacking sufficient preparation. When we arrived, many Yi people blocked our way with swords, guns and spears, shouting: "The Han officials will not give money, and we will not let them go." We failed to pass and returned to the starting point. Later, the General Political Department of sent a cadre who understood the customs and language of the Yi people. He also mobilized the troops at all levels and prepared some silver dollars and clothes, and shouted to the Yi people along the way to publicize the party's ethnic policies, while distributing some wealth, so that he passed it smoothly.

On May 24th, we marched more than 140 miles a day and night in the rain, and came to the top of Ma'anshan, which is only more than ten miles away from Anshunchang . At this time, the Dadu River appeared before our eyes.

Dadu River runs through Hengduan Mountains . The river water rushes down from the high mountains and ridges, white waves roll, the sound of waves is like thunder, the water is unfathomable, and countless dangerous shoals create huge whirlpools.

The river in Anshunchang is more than 200 meters wide and has a flow rate of four meters per second. Because the water is fast, the waves are high, and there are many whirlpools, people will be swept away by the rapids as soon as the water is right. Boat workers who are not familiar with the water nature cannot cross the river when they ferry. When the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Wing King Shi Dakai arrived here in the west, but failed to make a northward crusade, and his entire army was destroyed. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek yelled wildly: "I want Zhu and Mao to become Shi Dakai's second." On the one hand, he ordered about 100,000 people from Xue Yue, Zhou Hunyuan, Wu Qiwei and other troops to follow and chase, while on the other hand, the Sichuan warlords Liu Xiang, Liu Wenhui, and Yang Sen 2 transferred their troops to guard the Dadu River. At that time, the battalion stationed on the other side of Anshunchang was a battalion to which Liu Wenhui belonged. These situations were learned from the masses as we advanced to Anshun Field.

At that time, the troops stopped to rest in seclusion. Comrade Liu Bocheng, Yang Dezhi and I entered the mountains several miles away from Anshunchang, observed on both sides of the straits with a telescope, and saw a village with dozens of households in front of the left, which was Anshunchang. There are two boats on the river in front of the right. There are three small houses on the cliff dozens of meters high on the other side, standing in three places, surrounded by a half-person-high wall. Outside the wall, there are four bunkers and some scattered trenches looking down at the river surface and the stone steps up the mountain, but no one was found to be active. After research, it was believed that the most urgent task was to seize the two ships by the river. Therefore, the communicator was immediately sent to call Sun Jixian, the battalion commander of the first battalion, and the company commander, platoon leader and squad leader of the second company, first let them use a telescope to see where the boats were docked, and then let them lead their troops to go straight to the river with light loads, with the purpose of capturing the ship. In the moment, the soldiers were laid off like tigers, running and jumping to the river. There were only a few gunshots in the middle, and they took the ship.

We later learned that before the arrival of the Red Army, the enemy defending the other side of Anshun Field had estimated that we might have arrived, so we withdrew all the ferries and prepared to set a torch to burn the Anshun Field. On this day, the battalion commander guarding the enemy on the other side believed that our army was still far from Anshun Field, so he still brought a dozen soldiers to Anshun Field on two boats. Some said he was here to drink, while others said he was here to move. But he never expected that my advance team would come to Anshunchang on the same day like a heavenly soldier. He climbed over the wall and ran away in panic.

. We are very likely to have a treasure to seize two enemy ships. This is related to the success or failure of the entire army to head north. Therefore, how to use these two ships well is of great importance. If you take the risk of hike, if you lose money, the consequences will be unimaginable. So, Liu Bocheng and Comrade Nie Rongzhen decided to make all preparations tonight and get up early tomorrow morning. We immediately looked for the boatman Anshunchang, who was attacked by Liu Wenhui's various exploitation and oppression, hated Liu Wenhui very much, and heard that he wanted to burn the house, so he became even more angry. As soon as we mobilized, more than 20 boatman volunteered to help the Red Army ferry in less than an hour.

The troops are in a higher mood. Comrade Sun Jixian, the battalion commander of the first battalion, just handed over the task to the Second Company. When the soldiers heard the news that they were going to organize the brave team across the river, they surrounded Comrade Sun Jixian and rushed to report to participate. Comrade Yang Dezhi recalled the moving scene and said, "The battalion commander asked me what to do." I was both happy and anxious. What was happy is that our war land was brave, but what was anxious is that if this continued, it would delay time." Finally, it was decided that the battalion commander would issue an order to announce the list so that the Fong Team could be organized. Among them are one company commander, one platoon leader, four chief and deputy platoon leader, and eleven soldiers. Each person is equipped with a shell gun, an submachine gun, an , an saber, and eight grenades, . This is the famous Seventeen Warriors that crosses the Dadu River.

Early the next morning, the Fong Team, led by the company commander Xiong Shanglin, boarded the first ship.At the same time, Comrade Yang Dezhi ordered: "Support the light and heavy machine guns, shoot at the other side. Although the enemy on the other side carried out fire blockade at our ferry from the fortifications, our firepower was fierce, accurate and dense, and the enemy could not be lifted up. The ship

was docked, and seventeen warriors flew out of the ship, occupied the beachhead position, and used the dead corners of the stone steps on the cliff to approach the enemy's bunker step by step. The enemy came out of the bunker and the walking trenches to counterattack. We immediately organized firepower to shoot. The enemy suffered heavy casualties and retreated. The warriors took the opportunity to charge, occupied the main fortifications, and the remaining enemies retreated back. The seventeen warriors occupied the enemy's positions to cover our follow-up troops. First, the first battalion commander, Comrade Sun Jixian, led the entire battalion troops across the river, and then the second battalion , the third battalion, the first, second and third regiments all arrived at the other side. I crossed the river after crossing a regiment.

This time, the whole division was light-fitted. Mules, horses, luggage and staff followed the army directly under the army from Luding Bridge.

Our army successfully crossed the Dadu River. l This victory was first attributed to the correct decision of the Central Military Commission. At that time, there were two roads from rPgu to Dadu River: one through Dengxiangying, Yuexi to Dashubao, and then crossed the river to Fulin on the other side. This was the road leading to Ya'an . But Fulin was the key area of ​​the enemy's defense. If our army crossed the river from Fulin, it was not easy to succeed. The other was through Mianning, through Yimin District to An)irA Field, which was a rugged and difficult mountain road, but defending the enemy Weak force and hostility accident. According to this, in addition to ordering the Fifth Regiment of the Second Division to attack Dashu Fort to divert the enemy's attention, the Military Commission decided that the main force of the Red Army advanced northward through Mianning and Anshunchang. The victory of

is also attributed to the correct command of Comrades Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen. They were the commanders and political commissars of the Central Red Army North Advance Team designated by the Military Commission at that time. Along the way, they played an important decision-making role in ease the opposition between the Yi people, deploying the crossing in Anshunchang, and organizing troops and mobilizing ship workers. The victory of

is also attributed to all the commanders and fighters of the first regiment. After accepting the mission of the advance team, the first regiment opened the way to the enemy and built a bridge across the river, and was determined to open a road to victory for the entire army. When organizing the forced crusade, everyone understood this It was a life-long battle, but you fought for it and I had to fight for it. Comrade Chen Wanqing, a correspondent of the Second Company, did not have him when he first announced the list, but he cried and insisted on participating in the first boat crossing the river. This is the secret of the Red Army's invincibility.

This victory was also attributed to the support of the ship workers in Anshun Field. Without this group of ship workers who were familiar with the water and were familiar with the river, risking their lives to ferry the second ferry. It was unimaginable to subdue the Dadu River, which was staggered by the reefs and the deep and rapid flowing water. It was unimaginable that the troops of thousands of people were transported to the other shore one by one. My division's first regiment crossed the river lightly and quickly cleared the enemy guarding the other shore. On May 27, I led the 2nd and 3rd regiments to cross the river. At this time, the Central Military Commission considered that if my tens of thousands of troops were only traversed by two small boats, it would have been protracted and the pursuers were coming, so it was not suitable to stay for a long time. Then we ordered our division to be the right column, led by Comrades Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen, and the second division to be the left column, led by Lin Biao. The two troops advanced north along the left and right banks of the Dadu River. Along the way, there was a big river on the left and a high mountain on the right. The enemy resisted step by step by step.

We attacked with our backs and rushed forward regardless of our utmost. On the first day, an enemy regiment was defeated near Waba. The next day, the militia was eliminated in Detuo. On the third day, we met a brigade defending the enemy near the wire groove. The troops walked from the mountainside to the enemy's side and captured the pass of the wire groove in one fell swoop, defeating the enemy's brigade. Thus, it not only clears the way for our advancement, but also ensures that the Second Division troops traveling across the river are not shot by enemies across the river. On May 29, the Fourth Regiment of the Second Red Division, led by the regiment commander Wang Kaixiang and political commissar Yang Chengwu, captured the Huding Bridge in a rain of bullets.

Then, Chairman Mao, Vice Fengxi Zhou and Commander-in-Chief Zhu led a large army to cross the natural dangerous Dadu River from Luding Bridge. Chiang Kai-shek's dream of "to become Shi Dakai's second place" was completely shattered.After the large forces of the Red Front Army crossed the Dadu River, the Central Military Commission, in addition to ordering the Red Ninth Army to pick up the Red Army, the main Red Army continued to go north. On May 31, the vanguard of our division arrived at the foot of Erlang Mountain.

Erlang Mountain is at the junction of the three counties of Shanghai Ding, Yaoquan and Rongjing. It is connected to Daxue Mountain in the west and Jiajin Mountain in the north, with an altitude of more than 3,200 meters. There is a song " Singing Erlang Mountain " sings:

Erlang Mountain, with a high shoulder,

Ancient trees and weeds are everywhere in the mountains and fields, huge rocks are all over the hills,

Sheep intestine path is difficult to walk,

Kangzang traffic is blocked by it.

But it was early summer at that time. From a distance, except for the mountain top being covered by clouds and mist, there was a green and green area below the mountainside, which was full of vitality and lovely.

There is a narrow sun on Erlang Mountain called Feiyue Ridge, which is the only way for us to go north. The day before, we learned that there was a regiment guarding the troops of Sichuan enemy Liu Wenhui. After we arrived, we organized troops to attack head-on by night, but due to the narrow terrain and the enemy was at a high altitude, our troops could not be expanded, so we were blocked from attacking night and were blocked in front of the mountain. The next morning, we ordered the company to climb up from the left wing of the enemy's position, then slide down, attacking the enemy, and at the same time, the troops carrying the attack on the backlash rushed from the front. At this time, the Second Division troops who came to Hualinping attacked the enemy's Youji again. For a moment, the sound of shouts of killing, gunshots, and grenade explosions shocked the entire valley. The enemy could no longer hold on, so he turned around and ran away. We occupied the entire position and the large army passed through Erlang Mountain.

After climbing over Erlang Mountain, our division bypassed for one day and rushed to Lushan according to the order of the army leader. We crossed an iron chain bridge about ten miles away from Lushan City. This iron cable bridge is much smaller than that of Jiding Iron Cable Bridge, but it is the first time that our division has crossed the iron cable bridge since we entered Renchuankang area. Because everyone has the experience of having an iron cable bridge, when people step on the bridge, they swayed left and right, like playing a swing, and Lin Biao and our division marched together. Because he came from the Xiaoding Iron Rope Bridge, everyone wanted to see how he walked on the Iron Rope Bridge. Unexpectedly, his whole body shaking as soon as he stepped on the Iron Rope Bridge, and he almost fell down. The guard walking in front of him quickly pulled him with his hands, but the more someone pulled him, the less he could take a step. As a result, Lin Biao did not pass the first time. I don’t know how he passed by when he crossed the Luding Iron Cable Bridge. Later, a comrade who grew up by the river said that walking on the iron cable bridge is like walking on a small boat in the river. You must take steps with the trembling of the iron cable in order to get out. Sure enough, the team passed one after another.

When our division arrived in Lushan, the enemy had abandoned the city and retreated to the Luochun Mountain area. Lushan City is a good place in this area. There are about 20,000 people in the city, surrounded by city walls, and there are goods transported from Shancheng in the seven shops on the street, and there are also electric lights at night.

Although the people in the city couldn't figure out what kind of army the Red Army was, they saw that the Red Army did not take the things of the masses, did not help but trade fairly, and spoke in a friendly manner. Therefore, they were not only not afraid of us, but also took the initiative to send us firewood and vegetables. Our teacher got the best rest since the White Cross Dadu River.