Spring and Autumn Warring States Period (770 BC-221 BC), is a transitional era in Chinese history. In this era, aristocratic politics continued to collapse, the autocratic centralized system gradually established, and the feudal system, , , patriarchal system, world official system, ritual and music system, and well-field system, which were related to aristocratic politics in the past, all collapsed. According to the changes in the situation, it will be divided into two stages: Spring and Autumn (771-453 BC) and Warring States Period (453-221 BC). We will use the map as a context to simply show the development of the situation in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, as well as the process of unification of Qin .
In 770 BC, King Ping of Zhou moved eastward to Luoyang , and Eastern Zhou began. After moving eastward, the authority of the King of Zhou plummeted and all countries no longer obeyed the orders. At that time, there were about 120 vassal states across the country, and everyone continued to fight. At the same time, the northern Quanrong and Beidi continued to invade the Central Plains and occupy a large area of land in Hebei. At that time, the area of all countries was very small, and no one had the ability to reorganize the princes.
770 BC: King Ping of Zhou moved eastward and enfeoffed Qin
After decades of melee, some larger countries began to appear among these vassal states, such as Qi in the east, Qin till the west, Chu till the south, Chu till the middle, and Song till the middle. However, the most proudest person in politics during this period was Zheng State. Under the leadership of Duke Zhuang of Zheng, Zheng State annexed many small countries around it and occupied the most fertile land. Duke Zhuang of Zheng also defeated King Huan of Zhou and was known as the "little tyrant". However, Zheng did not maintain this powerful momentum. Because it was located in the four battles, Zheng was quickly dragged down by the war and became a pawn for the surrounding powerful countries.
B. 707: Powerful countries began to appear, Zheng Guo’s small dominance
After Zheng Guo’s decline, the national hegemony campaign began. At that time, the invasion of the Central Plains by the Northern Di, Xirong, Shanrong, and Nan Barbarians (Chu State) reached a climax. The Xing State and Wei State were captured by the Northern Di, Zheng State and Jin State were also invaded by the Northern Di, while the Western Rong was rampant in the Guanzhong region, threatening Luoyang, and Shanrong threatened the Yan State and "Rong forced the Xia Dynasty, from east of Longshan, and from Yi and Luo, there were often Rong." The Chu State in the south continued to annex the "Hanyang Ji" and once attacked the Zheng State. The scene at that time was "the Southern Yi and the Northern Di are in contact, and China is as endless as a line." Under such circumstances, the Central Plains countries hope that a big country can lead everyone to resist the invasion of barbarians. Just at this time, after the rise of Qi State in Guan Zhong's reform, Duke Huan of Qi ordered the countries to become the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period with the banner of "respecting the king and expelling the barbarians".
645 BC: The Southern Yi and the Northern Di invaded each other, and Qi rose up
Qi passed the southern expedition, and finally made Chu agree not to expand anymore, but this balance did not last long. Soon, the State of Chu went north again to invade. After Duke Huan of Qi passed away, the hegemony of Qi ended. Duke Xiang of Song tried to inherit his career, but was defeated by King Cheng of Chu, and King Cheng of Chu became the overlord for a time.
Just when Chu was in power, Jin State in the north became stronger. In fact, Jin State completed unification as early as the reign of Duke Xian of Jin, but the later Li Ji Rebellion seriously consumed the national strength of Jin State. After Chong'er returned to Jin State, he worked hard to govern, making Jin State the hegemony in the north. Later, Jin defeated Chu in the Battle of Chengpu and officially dominated.
632 BC: Duke Wen of Jin dominated
When Jin State rose, it was also the golden age of Qin State in the west. Qin Mugong annexed multiple Rongdi, expanding the territory of Qin, and Qi at that time also restored its national strength. Both Qin and Qi tried to challenge Jin's hegemony, but both suffered failures. After Duke Wen of Jin passed away, Jin defeated Qin and Qi in succession and maintained hegemony. Since then, the Chu State in the south has risen again under the leadership of King Zhuang of Chu. King Zhuang of Chu merged with several countries in the Yangtze River and Huaihe basins. In 597 BC, King Zhuang of Chu defeated Jin in the Battle of B and officially dominated the Central Plains.
597 BC: King Zhuang of Chu dominated the Central Plains
During the reign of Duke Dao of Jin, the national strength of Jin was restored. At this stage, Jin State destroyed the Beidi tribes many times with the assistance of the six ministers, doubled the territory of Jin State. Then Jin State and Chu State began a long-term battle for hegemony. In Battle of Yanling , Jin defeated Chu and once again dominated the Central Plains. However, the power of Chu State has not been weakened, and the situation between the two strong forces of Jin and Chu has not changed.
575 BC: In the Battle of Yanling, Jin State resumed dominance
After the death of Duke Dao of Jin, the battle for hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period entered the late stage. At this time, there were six ministers in Jin, and the country was heading for collapse. The Qin State continued to engage in tug-of-war with Jin State, which also made Jin State exhausted. Qi State annexed Laiyi, doubled its area and continued to challenge Jin State. In order to deal with Chu, Jin chose to support the southern Wu, so Chu fell into the quagmire of war with Wu. To this end, the Chu State chose to support , Yue State , and the hegemony campaign gradually moved to the southeast region. The two countries of Jin and Chu were unable to fight again, so the alliance held two strife meetings to stop the war.
546 BC: The meeting of the Suppression was held
In the late Spring and Autumn Period, the main battlefield of the battle for hegemony was moved to the southeast region, first of all, the Wu Kingdom became stronger. Under the governance of Sun Wu and Wu Zixu , Wu State became stronger and once captured the capital of Chu State and occupied a large area. King Wu Helu became the overlord of the Southeast. Then, Fuchai went north to defeat Qi. However, the Wu State did not completely eliminate the Yue State, leaving behind future troubles.
485 BC: Wu Kingdom dominates
When Wu Kingdom's hegemony reached its peak, King of Yue Goujian attacked Wu Kingdom, causing the collapse of Wu Kingdom. Soon, Goujian destroyed the Wu Kingdom and became the last overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. At the same time, the "Tian Family Dealing Qi" incident occurred in the Qi State in the north, and the six ministers of Jin State were engaged in a brutal annexation war.
late spring and autumn
In 453 BC, the three families of Han, Zhao and Wei in Jin destroyed Zhishi and divided the Jin state, marking the arrival of the Warring States Period. In the early days of the Warring States Period, the Sanjin Group joined forces to launch attacks on Qin, Chu and Qi, which was very strong. They annexed small countries such as Zhongshan and Zheng State, and continued to expand their territory. The three schools were developed by scholars and officials. Their domestic blood ties were weak, so they were able to quickly implement social reforms, and reformers such as Li Kui emerged. The Warring States Period 's Legal originated from Sanjin . Among them, Wei State was the strongest and became the overlord in the early Warring States Period.
Early in the Warring States Period: Three families divided Jin
After the three Jin thrived for decades, the surrounding powerful countries quickly emerged. First, King Wei of Qi reformed Qi, which led to the rise of Qi. Qi defeated Wei in two wars, and shaked Wei's hegemony. Subsequently, the State of Chu used Wu Qi to carry out reforms, which restored the national strength of the State of Chu. Later, , King Wei of Chu, continued to expand and basically merged southern countries except Vietnam. The Qin State also rose through the Shang Yang reform , and began to move towards the path of expansion, seizing Hanguguan and Hexi region .
BC 328 years: The Three Jin Dynasty is in decline, and the surrounding powerful countries rise
The middle period of the Warring States Period was an era when Qin and Qi competed for hegemony. After Shang Yang's reforms, Qin State's national strength increased greatly. During the Qin Huiwen King era, Qin State annexed Bashu, seized large tracts of land in Wei and Chu, and became a "tiger and wolf country" that made the princes terrified. Qi State used its economic strength to continuously expand abroad and organized the six Eastern countries to compete with Qin State to serve as the whole nation. The Qin State continued to break the alliance between the six Eastern countries, known in history as ", ". At the peak of Qi State, he joined forces with the troops of the six countries to invade Hangu Pass and force Qin State to return the land. However, there are many powerful countries around Qi, which are not suitable for expansion. Qi State once destroyed Yan State, but failed to successfully occupy this place, making Yan Qi an enemy. In 287 BC, Qi destroyed Song Dynasty and its national strength reached its peak.
in this era, Zhao Guo cannot be ignored, because Zhao Wuling King carried out the Hufu riding and shooting reform, merged the Hetao area, and moved towards prosperity. In addition, although the Chu State declined, it also annexed the Yue State, making up for the lost land. Therefore, by the late Warring States Period, Zhao and Chu became two major forces to resist Qin's expansion.
287 BC: Qi Qin was the emperor of the East and West
After Qi State developed to its peak, the balance of the Guandong region was broken, causing panic among the princes. Therefore, Yan State immediately organized the war to attack Qi State by the five countries, resulting in the almost destruction of Qi State. Yan State became powerful under the governance of King Zhao of Yan. The five countries defeated Qi and later Qin Kai defeated Donghu and included Liaodong into the territory. This was the peak of Yan State. The entire Yan State had a sense of existence during the Warring States Period of during this period. Since then, Yan State has declined rapidly, and Zhao State has become the strongest country in Kanto. Qin continued to expand, defeated Chu, captured the capital of Chu, and was forced to move eastward.
270 BC: Zhao State is strong and Qin State defeated Chudu
However, King Wuling of Zhao has passed away. Zhao State has no outstanding helmsman, so naturally cannot compete with Qin State. In the end, Qin State defeated Zhao State in the Battle of Changping . Since then, Qin has achieved dominance. While Qin was expanding on a large scale, Yan State was still sneaking into Zhao State behind the scenes, and the Yan-Zhao War broke out. The State of Chu continued to go north and annex small countries such as Lu in order to make up for the losses in territory. Korea and Wei have lost all the land north of the Yellow River, not far from destruction. And Qi State is outside. At this time, no one could stop the unification of Qin.
238 BC: The situation before the outbreak of the Qin Dynasty’s Unification War
Ying Zheng After taking power, the time for the Unification War was ripe. Subsequently, Qin launched a battle to destroy the country, and successively eliminated Han, Wei, Zhao, Yan, Chu, and Qi, achieving great unification. In 221 BC, Qin Shihuang established the Qin Dynasty . Later, Qin Shihuang sent an army to fight against the north of the Xiongnu and the Baiyue in the south, expanding its territory. From 770 BC to 221 BC, China's great division lasted for 570 years. After these 550 years of war, the Huaxia people in the Yangtze River and the Yellow River Basin, Rongdi, Barbarians, Bashu, Baiyue , etc., formed Chinese identity and laid the foundation for the formation of the Han people.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-