picture | Nan Hanchen
Preface
People's Bank of China Who is the first president? Nan Hanchen from Shanxi.
A clever wife with no rice cooker
With the crazy attack of the Japanese invaders and the cruel "sweeping", the Kuomintang diehards were unwilling to sit in the mountains and watch the tiger fight, but personally came to the scene and implemented a military siege and economic blockade on the Communist Party. The direct result of the two-pronged approach was that the anti-Japanese base areas, which were already in a barren land, were even worse.
Especially after 1941, when the Anti-Japanese War entered a stalemate stage, the Communist Party's finances and economy encountered extremely serious difficulties.
and Yan'an , as the base camp of the Chinese revolution, was the location of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. It could have barely supported it. However, with the organs and troops, coupled with the people who have flocked here from all over the country since the Anti-Japanese War, the red land of the loess high slope of , which is already in the barren northern Shaanxi, has made it even worse. Compared with other anti-Japanese bases, the finance and economic difficulties here are more difficult.
Picture | Mao Zedong
Once, the custodian picked up the rice scattered on the ground one by one, and then gave a meal of rice to the responsible person in the Secretariat. At this time, eating has become a very luxurious thing. What should I do at this time of
?
coincided with the call of Mao Zedong, on behalf of the Party Central Committee, in 1939, " do it yourself and have enough food and clothing," and launched a vigorous large-scale production movement for the military and civilians in the border region, including Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and others. They played a strong leading role and directly participated in production activities, and for this purpose, they personally opened up land and arbitrated. When spinning wool, hard work pays off, and the final result is just as originally imagined.
However, when facing this unprecedented economic difficulties, what you need most is not only to work together and make money, but also a financial management expert with a very high level. Who should be sent out at this time? Suddenly, a figure of a man appeared in Chairman Mao’s mind. This person was Nan Hanchen.
pic | Nan Hanchen
Finally one day, Mao Zedong summoned Nan Hanchen to Zaoyuan. The two had a great time and Nan Hanchen stayed in it for 4 hours. However, before leaving, Mao Zedong still said humorously: " we cannot jump off the cliff, we cannot disband, we have to do it ourselves. The central government decided to have you as the director of the Border Region Finance Department. I just want you to be a clever wife who knows how to cook without rice."
Mao Zedong has always been very satisfied with Nan Hanchen. Nan Hanchen's talent and financial management ability are definitely commendable.
, and Nan Hanchen did not disappoint Mao Zedong's expectations for him. As soon as he arrived at the Finance Department, he encountered the most important "money" problem, and then proposed corresponding measures: prohibit the circulation of fiat currency , and the border bank issued border currency .
However, Nan Hanchen's departure was not smooth. As soon as he made this suggestion, he was opposed by some comrades in the party. The reason for the opposition was very simple: the border area was in short supply of supplies. If currency was issued, the direct result would be rising prices, and inflation .
Nan Hanchen was prepared for their thoughts, but he still patiently explained to everyone: "Our task of issuing border coins is to help the economic construction of the border area, not for fiscal expenditure, but also issued in quantity according to regional needs, and will never cause panic and inflation. This is the financial policy of our border area today."
Picture | Ren Bishi
However, even so, both of them were still in a stalemate, and no one could convince the other party. Anyway, the other party did not agree. In the end, they saw that they had no idea, so they simply ran to find Ren Bishi, hoping that Ren Bishi could make a decision. The final result of
is as expected by Nan Hanchen. With the support of the central government, the border coins were successfully issued.
The results prove that Nan Hanchen is indeed a rare general. These measures have played a very important role in overcoming the financial difficulties of the border areas and promoting the development of production in the border areas.
Nan Hanchen's first measure has been well verified, and soon, he took the second largest measure, that is, to establish and improve the tax policies of the border areas.
After field investigation and research, Nan Hanchen presided over the drafting of various tax policies and grain collection charters, improved the original method of levying the burden by merchants, and absorbed large, medium and small businessmen to participate in the Chamber of Commerce leaders. This method is more concise and clear. After the tax increases, the specific measures for grain collection are gradually improved.
Nan Hanchen's third measure is to collect 200,000 shi of public grain from farmers to solve the grain problems in the border areas.
pic | Nanhanchen
In order to enable farmers who have been ravaged by war for many years to get a chance to recuperate, the Central Committee of the Party has been taking fewer people from from 1937 to 1939. Only 70,000 shi of public grain was collected in three years, and the insufficient areas were purchased from Wuhan, Xi'an and Luoyang . However, with the expansion of base areas, the increase of non-production personnel, especially the economic blockade of the Kuomintang, has prompted the issue of food to be on the surface. What should I do at this time
?
Nan Hanchen did not panic, but discussed with the deputy director of the Finance Department, Hovid, to collect 200,000 shi of public grain from farmers in the border area. However, this number was just proposed, and it caused a lot of discussion. The reason was no different. This number accounted for 13.3% of the total grain output in the border area in 1941. Later, Nan Hanchen also thought about it carefully. Doing so did add a heavy burden to the people in the border areas. However, if they did not do so, the party and government organs and the army would not even be able to eat, and the revolution might fail.
Nan Hanchen also thought that if these principles are explained clearly to everyone, the masses should be able to understand and instead support this measure. Of course, for the sake of safety, he organized a large number of people to go to various counties for investigation.
Picture | Nan Hanchen
Then it was found that although 200,000 shi of public grain were collected, the lives of farmers in the border areas were still a little nervous, but they could still deal with the past. Compared with the local revolution before or the neighboring Kuomintang-controlled areas, they were much lower. After Nan Hanchen discovered it, he formally handed over his opinions to the Central Committee for report. Not long after, he received the approval of the Central Committee and Mao Zedong, and his measures could be implemented.
It can be said that in 1941, the people in the border area had the heaviest burden. However, many problems were solved accordingly, especially the solution to the grain problem, which helped the border area to overcome the difficulties smoothly.
The development of the large-scale production movement has produced outstanding results. Many agencies and troops have achieved self-sufficiency in food and non-staple food, farmers' income has also increased, and the burden has gradually decreased. Without letting them wait for a long time, they can have enough food and clothing.
Afterwards, the border area also encountered some other problems, such as the shortage of cotton and other essential products. After Nan Hanchen discovered it, he adopted a new approach. Before, he heard that the troops of Hu Zongnan and Yan Xishan had bartered and had significant effects. So he also took this measure, which quickly solved the problem of material difficulties in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Area.
Picture | Nanhanchen
If you want to exchange for cotton, you must of course need some considerable items, and salt is their main material. The government once adopted the policy of government supervision of the civil movement, and then mobilized the masses to transport and sell salt. However, at the beginning, the uniform freight was a bit tight, so the masses were not very motivated.
Nan Hanchen immediately took new measures after knowing this result, and handed over one-third of the profits obtained from selling salt to the transporter.
, such a measure, really hit the enthusiasm of the masses. Therefore, everyone's enthusiasm was mobilized. The people were happy and even worked on the first day of the Lunar New Year and were unwilling to rest. In this way, they quickly completed the salt transportation plan proposed by the government.
Nan Hanchen himself has outstanding talents, and what is even more valuable is his character. Although he is the director of the Finance Department of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region and has a complete collection of finances and materials, he is diligent and honest. Not only that, he has repeatedly warned the staff around him not to take advantage of the public. He is like this to his subordinates. has even more demands on himself. His family has more children and a heavy burden. Sometimes children can't even wear shoes and have to barefoot. However, he did not use the public's penny privately. In the end, Chairman Mao could not bear it anymore. He made a special trip to him and wrote a note to him, and then told the relevant comrades to solve the shoes problem of Nan Hanchen's children.
helped the border areas overcome unprecedented financial and economic difficulties and ushered in a situation of adequate food and clothing. Nan Hanchen made great contributions, and he himself was strict with himself and the people around him, so he soon received high praise from Chairman Mao.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Nan Hanchen was quickly transferred to serve as the director of the Finance Department of the Jin-Cha-Hebei Border Region Government, leading the financial work of the Jin-Cha-Hebei Border Region .
After 1947, he served as deputy director of the Financial Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, deputy director of the North China Financial and Economic Office, and general manager of North China Bank. After that, he has made a lot of contributions and has done a lot of work to unify the finance, economy and currency of the liberated areas such as North China, Northwest China, East China and Northeast China, and support the successful development of the People's Liberation War.
is in charge of the People's Bank of China
On December 1, 1948, the People's Liberation Army frequently reported good news on various battlefields. Therefore, the People's Bank of China, an important department related to the national economy and people's livelihood, was announced, and the best candidate for the president is Nan Hanchen.
So, Nan Hanchen, who is good at revolutionary geography and financial management, naturally became the first president of People's Bank of China . Everyone can see his abilities, not to mention that he has obvious achievements that are visible to the naked eye. Everyone is very satisfied with such talents and is willing to convince him.
From this time until 1954, Nan Hanchen served as the president of the People's Bank of China for 6 years. This place gave him great room for development and play. His ability to manage finance was displayed. Perhaps, at that time, he was also happy to finally display his talents drastically. Such an opportunity is beyond your reach.
Nan Hanchen not only applied his theory, but later he continued to learn in practice and develop himself. His ideas also made him successful, living and learning until he was old. As a result, he became a rare financial expert in our party, and even carried out effective work to establish the financial system of the New China.
Nan Hanchen has also implemented a lot of measures to do this.
First, the banks in each base area are unified into the People's Bank of China, district banks are established in six major districts, branches are established in each province and city, and branches are established in each district. In addition, some professional banks are established, such as the Farmer's Bank, the Bank of Communications, the Construction Bank, and then the rural credit cooperatives, which finally form a complete financial system.
picture|Memorial Hall of the People's Bank of China established the former site
In that period, China was still a country where agricultural people accounted for 90%, so at that time, the financial demands were about rural areas and farmers. Nan Hanchen noticed this very early and realized the importance of rural finance. Therefore, he made a quick decision that 80% of the institutions and 60% of the cadres in the bank should serve rural banks, and then according to the financial work of "going deep into the countryside, helping farmers, solving difficulties, and developing production", he actively established savings banks in rural areas, and encouraged farmers to sell bristles, eggs and feathers abroad to earn foreign exchange. The final result showed that Nan Hanchen was very foresighted, and his measures were effective soon.
second, taking over the financial undertakings of the Kuomintang’s bureaucratic capital , and under the leadership of the Military Control Commission , the banks of the Kuomintang’s provincial banks, and the banks of national capitalists.The bank took over the renovation, and the original Bank of China retained its composition and name and reformed first.
Finally, under the leadership and guidance of Nan Hanchen, in December 1952, the socialist transformation of the national financial system, which means of production ownership, was successfully completed, thus becoming the first industry in the country to complete the transformation task.
Of course, Nan Hanchen also encountered some difficulties. For example, in the early days of the liberation of Peking, speculators made chaos, resulting in an unstable price at one time, and people were panic and everyone was in danger. At this time, the People's Bank of China should play a role in regulation.
After learning about this situation, Nan Hanchen proposed the method of "0% off to save ", and then mobilized the masses to save in the bank, thereby stabilizing people's hearts and controlling the fluctuations of prices.
Wait until Resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea , the central government estimated the situation after the development and found that prices may fluctuate. At this time, banks need to cooperate with the war.
Nan Hanchen presided over the bank's discussion and implementation, and finally came up with a solution: all agencies' cash is not the case, and all units do not use cash to flow, and these measures were finally realized. At that time, her strategy played a great role in continuing financial resources and serving the war.
Nan Hanchen's ability is outstanding enough, but he is not an arrogant person. On the contrary, he also feels that he still has room for improvement, so he has always been united with experts and scholars outside the party. He will humbly ask them for advice when he has enough credit, sometimes he will be addicted to it and forget why he set out. Nan Hanchen is obviously not such a person.
Nan Hanchen is also very concerned about these experts and scholars, and for this purpose, he specially established a large-scale research room in the People's Bank of China headquarters. This research room will definitely not be placed as a vase. As expected, it absorbed experts and scholars from old banks, including Qianjiaju and Zhang Naiqi. These celebrities are also famous and are willing to follow Nan Hanchen. It can be seen that Zhuzhechi is all fighting for future development.
Bank development will inevitably encounter some problems, and the bank's system is one of the key targets of Nan Hanchen's attention. In this regard, , he specifically pointed out that "living alone, irresponsible, eating all day long, having no intention, not seeking merit, but seeking no mistakes." These bureaucratic styles are naturally what Nan Hanchen hates the most, and no wonder he attaches great importance to it.
Of course, he also cares very much about everyone's professional skills and cultural qualities. For this reason, he also set up a professional class in Peking University , which adopts a three-year study system, sending all the subject, department, bureau and municipal in-service cadres to study and further studies; he also set up a two-year college class in Tsinghua University , which is specially used to cultivate financial professional talents.
For the country, talent has a great effect. The development of the country requires talents, and the revitalization of the nation requires more relying on talents. Talent is also the fundamental guarantee for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the most important resource for sustainable development.
Having the truth is the key to governing, only by gaining others. To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, it requires a team of many high-quality talents. Whether it is to develop hard power or soft power, in the final analysis, it is necessary to compete for talents. Therefore, in order to promote the development of the new era, to the country and society to a higher level, and to achieve the ultimate great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, talents need to be continuously cultivated. When studying, Zhou Enlai was able to say "Study for the rise of China". To this day, we have bid farewell to the war years and live a peaceful, stable and prosperous life that our ancestors have long been looking forward to. So long, we need to work hard for the development of the motherland. The development of the motherland is inseparable from the construction of talents. A spark can start a prairie fire and become a good successor, steadily catch the hard work of our predecessors, and continuous development is the top priority.
Whether in the past or present, there is no way to ignore the importance of talents. Nan Hanchen had already realized the same problem at that time, so he never gave up on the cultivation of talents. If more talents can be cultivated, the country can also develop better.
As one of the founders of the people's financial cause, Nan Hanchen has made special contributions to my country's financial cause and has also won a high reputation. After 1952, he was appointed by Zhou Enlai and served as the chairman of the China Association for the Promotion of International Trade. He also led a delegation to visit Asia, Africa and Europe many times. Through these actions, he not only enhanced his friendship with the people of all countries, but also expanded Sino-foreign trade.
Since 1954, he has been elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the First, Second and Third National People's Congresses.
Nan Hanchen's contributions and contributions are worth remembering forever, and his name will be remembered in history.
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