Preface
Picture | Wei Lihuang
On December 25, 1948, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China announced 43 war criminals, of which Wei Lihuang ranked 13th. When Wei Lihuang learned of the news, he happily said: "The Communist Party has not Forgot me! "
Resist Japan and save the country and re-reached the Communist Party
1897, Wei Lihuang was born in Hefei, Anhui Province. Because his family was poor since childhood, Wei Lihuang left home to travel. In 1914, Wei Lihuang came to Wuhan alone and failed to find a job. As soon as the Hunan army recruited scholars in Wuhan, he signed up to join the scholars camp.
1916, Wei Lihuang went south to Guangzhou and joined the Guangdong army. He made considerable contributions due to his bravery in combat.
In 1922, warlord Chen Jiongming launched an armed rebellion in an attempt to assassinate Mr. Sun Yat-sen. At that time, Wei Lihuang was in the guard camp of the Presidential Palace. At a critical moment, he led his troops to attack the rebels and actively defended Mr. Sun Yat-sen. Because of his heroic performance, he was later promoted to commander of the regiment.
1926, shortly after Mr. Sun Yat-sen's death, Chiang Kai-shek served as the commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army and the commander of the First Army. Wei Lihuang followed him to Northern Expedition. In Northern Expedition, Wei Lihuang was brave and good at fighting and made many military achievements. Soon after, he was promoted to the division commander.
In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek openly betrayed the revolution and launched the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup. At that time, Chiang Kai-shek watched Wei Lihuang as a trusted general who followed the north, and was able to obey his orders, obey his orders, and fight for the crisis without hesitation.
At the same time, Wei Lihuang also believed that Chiang Kai-shek had a superior status at that time, and had both military power and regime control. Following Chiang Kai-shek's pace, he would have the opportunity to become a high-profile future. For this reason, Wei Lihuang followed his preferences and allowed Chiang Kai-shek to send him. Since then, Wei Lihuang began to go astray and become enemies with the people.
Picture丨Wei Lihuang and Chiang Kai-shek took a photo
In the days that followed, Wei Lihuang fought for Chiang Kai-shek for ten years and massacred many Communists and patriotic revolutionaries.
However, an experience made Wei Lihuang change his views on the Communists...
In the autumn of 1936, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized his direct troops and made a series of "suppression of the Communist Party" deployments, and appointed Wei Lihuang as the commander-in-chief of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Suining Border Region, preparing to "encircle and suppress" the Red Army that had traveled through the Long March.
Not long after, the gunshot of the " Xi'an Incident " was fired, and Wei Lihuang, Jiang Dingwen and other Nanjing government entourages were detained in the Xijing Guesthouse. Wei Lihuang knew very well that he was famous for his "anti-communist" and killed many Communists. In his opinion, he would undoubtedly die.
What Wei Lihuang did not expect was that he not only witnessed the peaceful resolution of the CCP’s mediation of the “Xi'an Incident”, but the Communists also treated them, such as the Kuomintang generals. All of this made Wei Lihuang feel deeply moved. Therefore, Wei Lihuang was also thinking in his mind: "In the anti-Japanese war, civil war can't be fought any more."
In 1937, the full-scale anti-Japanese war broke out, and Wei Lihuang, commander-in-chief of the 14th Army, was sent to the North China region.
There, Wei Lihuang not only saw the Kuomintang army retreating step by step, the Japanese invaders rushed in, as if they were in a no-man's land, but also saw Chiang Kai-shek secretly ordered various troops to restrict and monitor the Eighth Route Army, creating opportunities, and causing both the Eighth Route Army and the Japanese army to suffer losses. All of this made Wei Lihuang gradually feel dissatisfied with the Kuomintang.
pic | Wei Lihuang
In early October of the same year, the Xinkou Battle commanded by Wei Lihuang, after more than 20 days, annihilated about 200,000 enemies. The Chinese army suffered great casualties, and many heroic soldiers died heroically. When the Chinese army led by Wei Lihuang was in a low morale, the Eighth Route Army adapted from the Red Army drove to the front line of the anti-Japanese war and ambushed the Japanese invaders at the Pingxingguan. The first battle was won, greatly defeating the enemy's spirit, which also greatly increased the morale of the Chinese army commanded by Wei Lihuang.
At the same time, Japanese aircraft took turns to Xinkou to bombard the enemy. Wei Lihuang's troops suffered heavy losses due to lack of air force support. At this moment, in order to cooperate with friendly forces, the Eighth Route Army sent a few troops to venture into the heavily guarded Yangming Fort, burned 24 enemy planes, and annihilated more than 100 enemy people. Wei Lihuang was very happy when he learned about it, and immediately expressed his sincere thanks and admiration to the Eighth Route Army.
Not long after, Wei Lihuang personally led a brigade of troops to advance eastward to Shanxi, but unexpectedly he was reported by spies and was soon ambushed by the enemy, causing Wei Lihuang's troops to be dispersed. Just when Wei Lihuang was in danger, the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army immediately sent troops to cover, which enabled Wei Lihuang to finally escape. Before and after the Xinkou Battle, Wei Lihuang met Premier Zhou in Taiyuan and Linfen . As early as 1925, Premier Zhou personally went to the front line to supervise the war when he was in Guangdong East. At that time, Premier Zhou was the leader Wei Lihuang respected very much.
This time, when we met in Shanxi, Premier Zhou held Wei Lihuang's hand tightly and said:
"I haven't met for more than ten years. There is such a big change. I really didn't expect that we will return to a front. Now the War of Resistance Against Japan, the only way to save the crisis is to implement the four words "Arouse the people" by Mr. Sun Yat-sen's will. Although the Chinese army has suffered many failures, as long as we receive training, rely on the people, and change strategies and tactics, we can change this unfavorable state. The War of Resistance Against Japan is a long-term, and victory or defeat is not in the face of the situation. When we fail, we must see the light when we fail."
Wei Lihuang nodded quickly and said: "The Eighth Route Army cut off several enemy's retreats. I am very grateful to our army fighting head-on in Xinkou!"
Then, Wei Lihuang talked a lot with Premier Zhou. During the exchange with Premier Zhou, Wei Lihuang not only strengthened his determination to resist the war in North China, but also truly understood the differences between the Communists and the Kuomintang.
Picture丨Premier Zhou
Later, Wei Lihuang had several cordial and sincere long talks with Commander-in-Chief Zhu De. During the conversation, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De first affirmed Wei Lihuang's achievements in the War of Resistance, which was a great encouragement for Wei Lihuang.
Commander-in-Chief Zhu De usually doesn't want to talk too much about his past, but after contacting Wei Lihuang, he found that Wei Lihuang was very interested in his past experience and repeatedly asked him how he joined the Red Army?
Commander-in-Chief Zhu De took his own experience as a clue to contact the reality of China's democratic revolution and frankly talked with Wei Lihuang.
When Wei Lihuang learned that Commander-in-Chief Zhu De was also from a poor family and farmed for landlords for generations. Later, he was forced to run away from home without fear of difficulties and pursue the truth. After joining the Communist Party, he sacrificed his personal interests and regarded fame and fortune as dirt, determined to save the suffering of the people... After hearing these experiences, Wei Lihuang was very moved. Afterwards, when Wei Lihuang mentioned Commander-in-Chief Zhu De with others, he said: "Zhu Yujie is a loyal elder and is very kind to me. He leads the Eighth Route Army and is sincerely willing to help us achieve results in anti-Japanese war."
pic | Marshal Zhu De
In April 1938, when Wei Lihuang visited Yan'an , what surprised him was that he was actually warmly welcomed by the military and civilians of Yan'an, and he also saw a newly posted slogan saying "Welcome Deputy Commander-in-Chief Wei."
All of this made Wei Lihuang very excited. After he came to Yan'an, Chairman Mao also met him in person. Chairman Mao served as a dear, but he held a banquet to welcome Wei Lihuang, with plenty of food and chatting and laughing.
During the conversation with Chairman Mao, Wei Lihuang felt full of sincerity and kindness, without any false confusion. This trip to Yan'an also had a great ideological impact on Wei Lihuang.
From then on, Wei Lihuang threw away all the instructions issued by Chiang Kai-shek about preventing, restricting, and weakening the Eighth Route Army, which was conducive to the Eighth Route Army's anti-Japanese struggle.
became a "war criminal" and showed joy.
Soon, Chiang Kai-shek discovered that Wei Lihuang not only did not implement the orders he issued, but also had close contacts with the Eighth Route Army. This made Chiang Kai-shek start to be on guard against Wei Lihuang. For this reason, Chiang Kai-shek also specially lifted Wei Lihuang's original power to lead troops.
In 1942, Chiang Kai-shek tried his best to force him step by step, and removed Wei Lihuang from his position as commander-in-chief of the First War Zone, and transferred Wei Lihuang to the Director of the General Office of the Northwest Campus, who had no real power, completely realizing his own trick to eliminate dissidents.
pic | Chiang Kai-shek
Later, Chiang Kai-shek took advantage of Wei Lihuang's ability to fight tough battles and did hard work and sent him to northern Yunnan for an expedition. There, Wei Lihuang killed a large number of Japanese troops and achieved great victory. But even so, Chiang Kai-shek still did not reuse him anymore. In desperation, Wei Lihuang had to compromise and go abroad for an investigation.
In the spring of 1947, Chiang Kai-shek summoned Wei Lihuang back to his country. Wei Lihuang knew very well that Chiang Kai-shek was going to let himself go back to participate in the civil war. After thinking for a long time, Wei Lihuang sent a telegram to the central government through the left-wing leader of the French school Wang Dezhao :
"In order to end the Chinese civil war as soon as possible, I am willing to be myself Within the scope of his ability, he strives to cooperate with the Communist Party of China; due to personal environmental relations, he hopes to keep the secret absolutely." ”
In this way, Wei Lihuang returned to the country. In 1948, Chiang Kai-shek launched a full-scale civil war and failed. At this time, he remembered Wei Lihuang and decided to treat Wei Lihuang as a life-saving ace, let Wei Lihuang succeed Chen Cheng and serve as the commander-in-chief of the Northeast "Bandit Suppression".
After learning about Chiang Kai-shek's order, although Wei Lihuang repeatedly shirked his responsibilities and refused to take office, Chiang Kai-shek was determined to find someone to persuade Wei Lihuang again. In the end, Wei Lihuang had no choice but to go to Shenyang and serve as the commander-in-chief of the Northeast "Bandit Suppression".
But this time, Wei Lihuang did not obey any orders of Chiang Kai-shek. He had no intention of actively advocating "suppressing the rebellion", but emphasized that the need to train the army, build fortifications, and strengthen defense. If he attacked rashly, there would be a danger of being defeated by the People's Liberation Army one by one.
pic | Wei Lihuang
For this reason, Chiang Kai-shek urgently summoned Wei Lihuang three times and repeatedly urged him to attack. Wei Lihuang softly said that he delayed the time and did not execute the order according to Chiang Kai-shek's intention.
Not long after, with the liberation of Jinzhou , the retreat of hundreds of thousands of Kuomintang troops in the Northeast was completely cut off, and finally the entire northeast was liberated.
This also made Chiang Kai-shek very angry. In November 1948, Chiang Kai-shek issued an order:
"Wei Lihuang, the commander-in-chief of the Northeast bandit suppression, was hesitant and missed the opportunity, causing the loss of the important city, and immediately dismissed and investigated."
After issuing this order, Chiang Kai-shek was worried and immediately tried Wei Lihuang to be in chaos. After thinking about it, he put Wei Lihuang under house arrest in Wei's residence in Nanjing. In fact, Wei Lihuang had already lost his personal freedom at that time.
On December 25 of the same year, the Liberated Area Radio broadcast a list of 43 war criminals, including Wei Lihuang's name. After Wei Lihuang learned of the news, he was not sad, but instead showed joy on his face.
At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek also relaxed his house arrest policy on Wei Lihuang.
In January 1949, Wei Lihuang did not flee to Taiwan with Chiang Kai-shek, but went to Hong Kong to live in peace. Usually, he would read books and newspapers at home, observe the situation, and seek a bright way out.
While looking for a bright road in Hong Kong, Wei Lihuang was not comfortable. He was very worried about his old mother and family who were far away in the mainland.
pic | Wei Lihuang
After thinking for a long time, Wei Lihuang decided to write a letter to Marshal Zhu De, asking him to help take care of his family:
"My brother is from Nanxuan, Shenyang, and he cannot move freely. I wish I could understand it early. However, my mother is now eighty-five, and her weak brother Yan Tao leads dozens of people with her brothers and nephews to serve in the fat. Now when the People's Liberation Army arrives, I hope to inform the military and political leaders to protect them from fear."
After receiving this letter, Marshal Zhu De immediately found Chairman Mao with the letter. Chairman Mao did not forget this old friend who had cooperated well with the Communist Party during the Anti-Japanese War. After reading this letter, Chairman Mao called Deng Xiaoping and others and instructed: "I hope to transfer the Hefei County Government to protect Wei Lihuang's family. "
Photo | Chairman Mao
号号号号号
On October 1, 1949, of the People's Republic of China was established in Beijing. When Wei Lihuang, who was "settled" in Hong Kong, learned of this news, he was extremely excited, and he listened to the radio and listened to the newspaper and read it again and again, and couldn't sleep all night.
Finally, Wei Lihuang ignored the risk of being monitored by the Kuomintang spies and sent a warm congratulatory message from Hong Kong to Beijing. When Chairman Mao received Wei Lihuang's telegram, he was very happy and quickly replied and expressed his gratitude to Wei Lihuang.
In order to prevent Wei Lihuang from joining the Communist Party, Chiang Kai-shek put in a lot of effort and hoped that Wei Lihuang could return to his side, but Wei Lihuang was still unmoved.
Inspired by the policy of "patriotism is indistinguishable from order", Wei Lihuang responded to Premier Zhou's call, and embarked on a journey with his wife Han Quanhua . On March 15, he came to Guangzhou from Hong Kong and was warmly welcomed by Tao Zhu, secretary of the South China Bureau of the Communist Party of China.
On March 16, Wei Lihuang personally called Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou and Marshal Zhu De, reporting that he had returned.
Chairman Mao was so happy after receiving the telegram from Wei Lihuang, and immediately called back to express his welcome:
Mr. Wei Junru:
Mr.
Mr. He returned to China and expressed his welcome. He hoped to come to Beijing as soon as possible and meet with the pictures. If you are interested, you can check the situation along the way. It is also good to arrive in Beijing at the end of this month or early next month.
Mao Zedong
Mr.
Picture | Chairman Mao
On April 5, 1955, the train slowly drove into Beijing Station , and was already waiting at the station to welcome him. There are Li Weihan, Minister of the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee, Xu Bing, Deputy Minister, Wei Lihuang's old friends Long Yun, Zhang Zhizhong's family, Fu Zuoyi and others.
After several years of separation, today we got together, and there seemed to be endless words between old friends. Everyone greeted loudly, shook hands tightly, and hugged enthusiastically. In an instant, Beijing Station was filled with joy.
Soon, people sent Wei Lihuang and his wife to Beijing Hotel . At 5 pm, Premier Zhou sent someone to welcome Wei Lihuang and held a family dinner to entertain Wei Lihuang and his wife. During the meal, Premier Zhou and his wife's warm hospitality made Wei Lihuang feel like he was going home without any restraint.
On the evening of April 14, Marshal Zhu De, Marshal Peng Dehuai, Marshal Ye Jianying, Marshal Nie Rongzhen, Marshal He Long, Marshal Chen Yi, Marshal Xu Xiangqian, and Marshal Luo Ronghuan specially held a banquet to welcome Wei Lihuang. During the meal, Marshal Zhu De talked about interesting things during the Anti-Japanese War. After saying that, Marshal Zhu De said humorously: "Junru, now we are together again. We will defend China and fight against Japan together. Now we will contribute to the unification of the motherland together."
Picture丨Wei Lihuang and Marshal Zhu De took a photo
Wei Lihuang nodded repeatedly after hearing this and said with a smile: "That time is white" The Erling blocking battle, thanks to the command of the boss Zhu himself, otherwise I would have let the Japanese beaten to death! "
Marshal Zhu De also smiled and said after hearing this: "I still keep the pen you gave me!"
Hearing Marshal Zhu De's words, Wei Lihuang said sadly: "What a pity, the book " Capital on " that Mr. Zhu gave me was burned by me during house arrest in Nanjing, alright."
"That's what Old Jiang is." Marshal Zhu De patted Wei Lihuang's back gently.
Wei Lihuang looked up at the marshals in front of him. He said with frustration: "Thinking about the battlefield in the Northeast, I am really ashamed. Now I am still a war criminal, and now you still..." When Marshal Chen Yi heard this, he hurriedly interrupted Wei Lihuang's words and said, "Brother Junru, if you don't put you on the list of war criminals, do you think Chiang Kai-shek would let you go?"
Wei Lihuang heard this and suddenly realized "Oh!", and then everyone present laughed. It was Marshal Chen Yi's words that untied Wei Lihuang's heart.
On April 25, Chairman Mao called Wei Lihuang to name a message. At 5 pm that day, Wei Lihuang met Chairman Mao who had not seen him for 17 years in Zhongnanhai . After meeting, Chairman Mao not only inquired about Wei Lihuang’s recent situation and life in recent years, but also introduced to him the changes and prospects of the country since the liberation. Wei Lihuang was very excited when he heard this.
Picture丨Chairman Mao invited Wei Lihuang and others to
That night, Chairman Mao invited Wei Lihuang to hang out and watched the movie together.
Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou and all the marshals' care for Wei Lihuang made Wei Lihuang feel the magnanimity and warmth of the Communists, which also strengthened Wei Lihuang's determination to contribute to the motherland.
Shortly after Wei Lihuang returned to China, the Party and the government gave him extremely high honors: he served as a member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC, Vice Chairman of the National Defense Committee, and a member of the Central Standing Committee of the Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee.
In the years that followed, Wei Lihuang not only participated in the discussion of national military and political construction issues, but also visited all parts of the country, and always served the people with all his heart and strength.
But fate did not give Wei Lihuang too many opportunities to benefit the people. In 1958, Wei Lihuang suddenly felt unwell and was initially diagnosed by a doctor with diabetes and heart disease. Because the disease came severely, he was immediately sent to the hospital for treatment.
However, in the days that followed, Wei Lihuang's condition became more and more serious, and he could not even speak later. During this period, Marshal Zhu De visited Wei Lihuang many times.
The winter of 1959 seemed particularly long and cold. Wei Lihuang's did not improve and he was infected with pneumonia again. When he was dying, Marshal Zhu De visited him again.
This time, Marshal Zhu De sat silently in front of Wei Lihuang's bed. He looked at this old friend and couldn't bear to leave for a long time.
At this time, Marshal Zhu De's mind seemed to be on the screen, and he pulled himself back for decades at once. Those precious shots slowly flashed through his mind. He recalled: He had been dating Wei Lihuang since the Anti-Japanese War. He found that Wei Lihuang was straightforward and realistic, had a high military cultivation, and had rich practical experience. He was determined to fight against Japan. Although he was once a close confidant and beloved general of Chiang Kai-shek, as the War of Resistance Against Japan passed, Wei Lihuang treated himself with the passage of time as the Anti-Japanese War passed. , having feelings for the Communist Party, and doing a lot of things that are beneficial to the Eighth Route Army and the War of Resistance in his duties. He is a sincere friend of himself, but now he is lying on the hospital bed... Thinking of this, Marshal Zhu De can't bear to go any further...
Picture | Marshal Zhu De
On January 17, 1960, Wei Lihuang died of illness in Beijing at the age of 64! Throughout General Wei Lihuang's life, he was not only a patriotic soldier, but also an open and upright person.
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