1619, Jianzhou Weidu commanded Shi Nurhachi to raise an army, competed with Ming Dynasty for Liaodong , and won consecutive victories until they met Yuan Chonghuan . Battle of Ningyuan , Yuan Chonghuan defended his life strictly and defeated 130,000 soldiers with 10,000 troops. Nurhaci died in depression.
1626, Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne, changing the practices of Nurhaci's period, advocating "peacekeeping" against the Ming Dynasty and establishing good relations with Chongzhen . In 1643, before Huang Taiji passed away, the Qing army entered the Central Plains four times, but Huang Taiji still hoped to negotiate peace with Chongzhen and agreed to "use the troops to help suppress the enemy."
In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Eight Banners had a strong combat power and defeated the Ming army repeatedly. Why did Huang Taiji still want to discuss peace with Chongzhen? For Huang Taiji, he needs "time" to race against time.
Compared with Nurhaci and Dorgon , Huang Taiji is talented and has a long-term vision. Even the later Kangxi , Yongzheng , and Qianlong were difficult to compare with Huang Taiji.
Huang Taiji knew very well that he wanted to compete with the Ming Dynasty in the world, not just one or two generations could do it. For the Qing Dynasty, if we want to unify the world and create a prosperous era, the premise is that the internal stability is sufficient and the emperor must have great power, otherwise the Qing Dynasty will be defeated in the internal struggle.
1626 Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne and died of illness in 1643. For 17 years, Huang Taiji wanted to discuss peace and live in peace with the Ming Dynasty. The reason for this is mainly because Huang Taiji needed "time" to strengthen the imperial power, weaken the power of the Eight Banners, and ensure the cohesion of the Qing Dynasty.
When Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne, he was a "great khan" on the surface, but in fact he was no different from ordinary Beile and banner owners. During the Nurhaci period, the "Beiler Co-governance" system was implemented. The Khan only mastered the Zhenghuang Banner and the Yellow Banner. All military and national affairs had to be discussed by the Eight Banners Parliament.
1615, under the pressure of the "Five Ministers", Nurhaci had to throw his car away and execute the prince Chu Ying , which made Huang Taiji remember it fresh.
Whether it is prestige or strength, Huang Taiji is not as good as Nurhaci. When Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne, he only had Zhengbai Banner in his hand, and the other "Seven Banners" were in the hands of other Beile.
The Great Beile Daishan masters Zhenghong Banner , the Red Banner inlaid, the Two Beile Amin masters Blue Banner , the Three Beile Manguertai masters Zhenglan Banner , these are the "three Great Beile", you can sit south with Huang Taiji.
Abatai , Ajige , Dorgon, Dodo, Jierhalang , Shuotou , Dudu , Dege and others are "little bellers". Although they are not as strong as the "three bellers", they should not be underestimated.
For Huang Taiji, his main opponent is not Chongzhen, but these big and little benefactors. If the power of the Beile people cannot be weakened, the Qing Dynasty ( Later Jin ) will not be able to be united. It can only be a dream to compete for the world with the Ming Dynasty.
Thinking about that time, we also unified the grasslands first. The territory of the Oirat Empire arrived in Liaodong from Western Regions , occupying the entire northern desert grassland and Xing'anling . What's the result? He fought with the Ming army to the death, and internal instability, and his death was destroyed.
Can the Qing army have an overwhelming advantage in fighting against the Ming army? The answer is no. Chongzhen is not short of famous generals who can fight, including Yuan Chonghuan, Sun Chengzong, , Hong Chengchou, , Lu Xiangsheng, , Sun Chuanting, , Chen Qiyu, , Wu Sangui, , which one is not handsome?
The Ming army failed in combat. Apart from Chongzhen's blind command, the key was to fight on three sides and be unable to do so. In addition to dealing with the Qing army, the Ming army also had to deal with the peasant uprising army in the Central Plains and colonists on the southeast coast.
If it were just to deal with the Qing army and without the harassment of peasant uprising troops and colonists, the Ming Dynasty could have solved the situation in Liaodong, which was not very difficult.
The Qing army was disintegrated and cohesive. As long as it encountered several failures, it would inevitably collapse. This is the characteristic of many nomadic regimes, and the Qing Dynasty was no exception.
If the Qing army wants to win, it needs cohesion and strengthen the imperial power. These all require "time", and Huang Taiji needs to race against time.
In order to weaken the power of the Eight Banners Lord, Huang Taiji used "Little Beile" to deal with "Big Beile". In addition, with the help of the Ming Dynasty, the Daishan family, the Amin family, and the Mangourtai family were weakened.
1630, Huang Taiji convened the Eight Banners Council and imprisoned Amin on the grounds of abandoning Yongping, Zunhua , Luanzhou , and Qian'an . If Yongping and other four cities are in the pass, Amin will hold on and be beaten to death by the Ming army; if Huang Taiji gives up the city, he will have reason to deal with him.
1632, Huang Taiji once again convened the Eight Banners Council meeting and deprived Mangguertai of thousands of soldiers on the grounds of "exposing his blade in front of the imperial court". The following year, Mangguertai died suddenly. In 1635, Huang Taiji executed more than 1,000 soldiers from Zhenglan Banner and temporarily abolished Zhenglan Banner.
1635, Dian Shan invited his sister Mangguji to dinner. Huang Taiji was dissatisfied and believed that he challenged the authority of the Khan. At the Eight Banners Council, Huang Taiji said bluntly: "The monarch is weak and he is also a monarch, how can he do this?"
Dai Shan held heavy troops and had many children and grandchildren. Huang Taiji did not dare to express his opinion directly, so he took the initiative to ask for resignation, not wanting to continue to be a great khan.
The "Little Beile" knew this move by Huang Taiji, so they jointly requested Huang Taiji to take charge of the rule and abolished the title of Daishan Great Beile. Huang Taiji's goal was to appease Dai Shan and retain the title of Da Beile. Since then, Dai Shan retired and was often hit.
After dealing with the "three major belles", Huang Taiji turned his attention to the "little belles". The three brothers Ajige, Dorgon and Dodo became strong enemies and often attacked.
1641, in the first phase of the Battle of Songjin, Dorgon was defeated by Hong Chengchou, and the Eight Banners suffered heavy casualties. Dorgon did not dare to fight with the Ming army and retreated towards Shenyang. Huang Taiji was furious and deposed Dorgon's title of Prince Rui and sentenced to death. Later, he was fond of his face to show his shock.
1642, the Battle of Songjin ended and the Qing army won, and Huang Taiji was still thinking about peace talks. At this time, the elite troops of the Ming army on the nine sides were completely lost, and within the pass, Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong defeated the Ming army repeatedly, and Chongzhen's situation was very difficult.
Prince from a military perspective, Huang Taiji may not take Ming Jun seriously, but things are not that simple, and Huang Taiji also has his own difficulties. The three brothers Ajige, Dorgon and Dodo have many soldiers and horses under their command, which poses a challenge to the power of the monarch.
In order to free up hands to weaken Dorgon's "three brothers" and ensure that the throne is inherited among his own family, Huang Taiji needs to negotiate peace with the Ming Dynasty and gain time. For this reason, Huang Taiji sent people to contact the Ming Dynasty many times, and Chongzhen also had this intention.
Unfortunately, Chongzhen did not want to take the responsibility for peace talks, and did not want to be scolded by civil servants, so peace talks failed. Chen Xinjia The matter of peace talks was not strict, and the matter of peace talks was leaked, and the court was in an uproar, and Chongzhen could only give Chen Xinjia death.
peace talks were unsuccessful, and the battle between the Ming and Qing dynasties continued, but Huang Taiji had neglected the three Dorgon brothers in the selection of the head coach. In the battle of entering the pass in 1642, the head coach was Abatai of Zhenglan Banner and a general under the emperor's eldest son Haoge. Prince Zheng Jirgalang attacked Ningyuan and restrained the Ming army. Dorgon's "three brothers" lived at home.
1643, Huang Taiji's "family world" plan reached a critical moment. The royal family owned 117 Niulu, the first among the Eight Banners. However, Dorgon’s “three brothers” have 98 Niulu, which should not be underestimated.
If we can deal with Dorgon's "three brothers" and dismantle the Zhengbai Banner and Inlaid White Banner , Huang Taiji's "family world" plan will be successful. Unfortunately, Huang Taiji has no time. In 1643, Huang Taiji died of illness. Dorgon was strong and eager to try the throne, but Zhenghuangqi and 组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组组
Reference Book: "Draft History of Qing Dynasty"
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